Gram - Flashcards
1
Q
causes waterhouse-fredrichsen syndrome
A
n. meningococci
2
Q
symptoms of waterhouse frederichsen syndrome
A
adrenal insufficiency, fever, DIC, shock
3
Q
What neisseria ferments maltose and glucose
A
meningococci
4
Q
what neisseria ferments glucose
A
gonococci
5
Q
what neisseria does not have a polysaccharide capsule
A
gonococci
6
Q
what neisseri has a polysaccharide capsuel
A
meningococci
7
Q
purpose of polysaccharide capsuel
A
impairs phagocytosis
8
Q
causes gonorrhea, septic arthritis, neonatal conjuncitivits, PID, Fitz hugh curtis syndrome
A
gonococci
9
Q
meningococcemia w petechial hemorraghes. gangrene of toes. meningitis.
A
meningoocoocci
10
Q
which neisseria has a vaccine
A
meningococci
11
Q
why does gonoccoci not have a vaccine
A
due to antigenic variation of pilus proteins (porins, proteins, LPS)
12
Q
which bug produces IgA proteases
A
neisseria
13
Q
Thayer martin selective media contains
A
vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, trimethoprim
14
Q
Explain purpose of thayer martin selective media
A
grows N. gonorrhoea, also kills potential contaminants such as gram + (vancomycin), gram - other than neisseria (colistin and trimethorpim), and fungi (nystatin)
15
Q
purpose of IgA protease
A
cleaves secretory IgA that would otherwise inactivate pili
16
Q
meningitis affects what layer of brain (parenchyma or connective tissue layer
A
connective tissue layer
17
Q
meningococci pili
A
attachment and colonization of nasopharyngeal epithleium
18
Q
Lipooligosaccharide prodcued by neissseria purpose
A
induces cytokine production , leading to circulated collapse
19
Q
purulent arthitrits of knee, oligoarticular joint pain, vesiculopustular lesions on extremies, sexually active perosn
A
disseminated gonoccocal infection: septic arthritis
20
Q
Treatment of gonoccocic
A
Ceftriaxone + (azitrhomycin or doxycycline) for possible chlamydial coinfection
21
Q
H. influenze transmission
A
aerosol transmission
22
Q
HaEMOPhilus
A
epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia in H. influenzae
23
Q
what is most common cause of mucosal infections (otitis media, conjunctivitis, bronchitis) in H. influenze
A
nontypeable (unencapsulated
24
Q
culture on chocolate agar, which contains factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin) for growth
A
h. influenzea
25
H. influenze can also be grown w what bug because it provides factor V thorugh hemolysis of RBC's
S. auerus
26
Vaccine for contains type b capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol phosphate) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid or other protien
h . influenze
27
fever, inflamed, perforated tympanic membrane w purulent otorrhea
acute otitis media
28
polyribosylribitol phsoosphate protects H. influenze against
phagocytosis and complement mediated lysis by binding Factor H; a circulating regulator prtoein that normally prevents complmeent C3b deposition on host cells.
29
resevoir of leprosy in US
armadillos
30
Virulence factors of bordatella
pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, AB exotoxin, tracheal cytotoxin
31
bordetella pertusis toxin function
disables Gi: causes excessive adenylate cyclase activity: prevents effective phagocytosis and allows organism to perisit in alveor macs and epithleium cells
32
bordatella tracheal cytotoxin function
promotes local tissue destruction resulting in cough
33
increase cAMP from which bordatella toxin
Pertussis toxin: causes edema and phagocyte dysfucntion
34
3 stages of bordatella
1. catarrhal
2. paroxysmal
convalescent
35
explain catarrhal stage
bordatella: low grade fever, coryza, rhinorrhea, malaise
36
paroxysmal phase explain
paroxysms of intense cough followed by inspiratory whoop: posttussive vomiting
37
convalescent phase explain
gradual recovery of chronic cough
38
Prevented by Tdap, DTaP vaccines
bordatella pertussis
39
it is a gram rod that uses silver stain and grows on charcoal yeast extract medium with iron and cysteine
legionella pneumophila
40
this bug shows hyponatremia
legionella pneumophila
41
legionella grows on what medium
yeast extract medium
42
yeast extract medium contains
iron and cysteine
43
Aerosol transmission from environemntal water source habitat (air conditioning system, hot water tanks)
legionella (no person to person transmission
44
extremely high fever, brady cardia relative to high fever, headache confusion
legionella
45
on the sputum gram stain what does legionella show
many neutrophils but few or no organisms
46
Symptoms of legionnaire's diseae
severe pneumonia, high fever, GI and CNS symptoms
47
Legionarres disease most common in who
smokers and chorinc lung disasee
48
Pontiac fever symptom
mild flu like syndrome
49
treatment of legionella
macrolide or quinolone
50
does pseudomonas have a capsule
yes
51
Pseudomonas produces a blue green pigment known as
pyocyanin
52
pseudomonas a motile gram - rod that is aerobic or anerobic
aerobic
53
Toxins for psuedomonas:
endotoxin (fever, shock), exotoxin (inactivates EF-2), phospholipase C(degrades cell membranes) and pyocyanin
54
pyocyanin function
generates ROS
55
exotoxin A function in pseudomonas
inactivate EF2
56
PSEUDOMONAS mneumonic
P: pneumonia, pyocyanin
S: sepsis
E: echthyma gangrenosum
U: UTI's- think cathethers
D: diabetes, drug use
O: osteomyelitis (puncture wounds)
M: mucoid polysaccharide capsuel
O: otitis externa (swimmer's ear): malignant
N: nosocomial infectiosn (cathehters, equipment
A: exotoxin A
S: skin infections (hot tub folliculitis)
57
AERuginosa
AERobic
58
what does the mucoid polysaccharide capsule in pseudomas contribute to
chronic pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients due to biofilm production
59
wound infection in BURN victims
pseudomonas
60
Pseudomonas does what to eyes
corneal ulcers/keratitis in contact lens wearers/ minor eye trauma
61
hot tub folliculuits symptoms
pruritic, papulopustular rash = out breaks from public pools.
62
symptoms of ecythma gangrenosum
rapidly progressiev necrotic cutaneous lesion
| characteristic skin patches exhibiting necrosis and ulceration: insufficient blood flow)
63
UTI in catheter can be caused by
Proteus mirablis
64
sepsis + circulatory collapse in previously healthy young adults with petechial/ecchymotic rash due to DIC
n. meningitidis
65
curved gram - rod that is triple +
h. pylori
66
triple pos in h pylori means
catalase, oxidase, urease _
67
function of urease in h pylori
produces ammonia, creating an alkaline environment which helps H. pylori survive in acidic mucosa
68
where does h. pylori colonize
antrum of stomach
69
Triple therapy for h pylori
Amoxicilin + clarithromycin + PPI
| acronmym : APC: antiboitics Cure Pylori
70
spiral shaped bacteria with axial filmanets
spirochetes
71
BLT acronmy for spirochetes
borrelia, leptospira, treponmea
72
what is only spirochete that can be visualized by aniline dyes (wright or giemsa stain)
borrelia due to its size
73
how is trepomena visualized
dark field microscopy or direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) microscopy
74
spirochete with hook shaped ends found in contaminated water with animal urine
leptospira interrogans
75
Symptoms of leptospirosis
flue like symptoms, myalgias, jaundice, photobia with conjunctival suffusion (erythema w/o exudate)
76
Prevalent among surfers and in tropics
leptospirosis
77
myalgia in leptospirois is where
calves
78
Weil disease (icterohemorraghic leptospirosis)
severe form w jaundice azotemia from liver and kidney dysfunction, fever, hemorrageh, anemia
79
Lyme disease caused by what bug
Borrelia burgoderfi
80
lyme disase transmited by what tick
ixodes deer tick
81
natural resevoir of Lyme disease
mouse
82
ixodes deer tick is also a vector for
anaplasma spp. and protozoa babesia
83
LYme disease is common in what region
NE US
84
A Key LYME to the FACE
Facial nerve palsy (bilateral)
arthritis
cardiac block
erythema migrans
85
3 stages of lyme disease
Stage 1: erythema migrans : early localized (bulls eye configuration) flue like symptoms
86
Stage 2 of lyme disaes
early disseminated : secondary lesions, carditis, AV block, facial nerve palsy, migratory myalgias/transient arthritis . asymmetric arthritis
87
Stage of 3 lyme disaese
late dissemenited: encephalopathies, chronic arthirits
88
serologic testing for lyme disase
IgG/IgM against Borrelia
89
treponema pallidus causes
syphillis
90
Explain where you see a painless chancre
PRIMARY SYPHILIS
91
IS CHANCRE painful or painless
painless
92
gummas is what syphillis
tertiary
93
Secondary syphilis
systemic
94
disseminated diseaes with constitutional symptoms is what stage of syphilis
secondary
95
what is condyloma lata
smooth, moist, painless wart like white lesions on genitals
96
maculopapular rash in secondary syphilis involves waht
palms and soles
97
secondary syphilis
disseminted disease, maculopapular rash, condyloma lata, LYMPHADENOPATHY , PATCHY HAIR LOSS
98
serologic testing in secondary syphilis
VDRL/RPR
99
explain VDRL/RPR
antibody to cardiolipin-cholesterol-lecithin antigen: aggregation of flocculation (clumping) indicates presence of antticardiolipin antibodies.
100
confirm syphilis with what
FTA ABS: specific test
101
FTA-ABS is what
antibody to treponemal antigens
102
You will see neurosyphilis in which stage
tertiary syphilis
103
explain neurosyphilis
tabes dorsalis, general paresis
104
how to test for neurosyphilis
test spinal fluid w VDRL, FTA-ABS, PCR
105
a chronic granuloma in syphiliis
gummas
106
characersitic of teritiary syphilis. it begins as painless indurated granulomatous lesions that progress to white-gray rubbery lesions that may ulcerate
gummas
107
this type of pupil is seen in tertiary syphilis
argyll robertson pupil
108
constricts w accomodation but is not reactive to light
argyll robertsin pupil
109
vasa vasorum destruction in syphilis
tertiary. known as aortitis: ascending anuerysm
110
neurosypihlis can occur at any stage. true or false
true
111
Sings of tertiary syphilis
broad based ataxia, +romberg, charcot join, stroke w.o. htn
112
CV syphilis symptoms
asymptomatic murmur w loud S2, ascending aortic arch calcification
113
untreated syphilis ainfects what roots of spinal column
dorsal causeing tabes dorsalis
114
facial abnormalities, such as rhagades, snuffles, saddle nose, notched (hutchinson teeth), mulberry molars, short maxilla, saber shins, cn viii deafness
congenital syphilis
115
what is a ragade
linear scars at angle of mouth seen in congenital syphilis
116
VDRL detects nonspeciifc antibody that reacts with what cardiolipin
beef
117
false pos on VDRL
| thin mmnenonimc
```
VDRL
virus
drugs
rheumatic fever
lupus and leprosy
```
118
Explain the jarisch-herxheimer reaction
flue like syndrome after antiboitcs are started
119
it is usally due to killed bacteria (usually spirochetes) releasing toxins
jarisch-herxheimer reaction
120
zoonosis:
infectious disease transmiitted bw animals and humans
121
anaplasma spp. trnasmission
ixodes (live on deer and mice)
122
anaplasma spp. causes what disease
anaplasmosis
123
bartonella disease
cat scatch disease, bacillary angiomatosis
124
bacillary angiomatosis is
red purple papular skin lesions, found within viscera
125
in cat scratch disease: what type of lymphadenopathy
tender region lymphandeonmay, axillary lymphadenopathy common
126
Borrelia recurrentis disease
relapsing fever
127
transmission is louse
borrelia recurrentis
128
brucella spp disease
brucellosis / undulant fever ( wax and wane fever)
129
unpasteurized dairy is the transmission of what zoonotic bacteria
brucella
130
campylobacter causes what type of diarrhea
bloody
131
transmission , source of campylobacter
feces from infected pets/animals; contaminated meats/foods hands
132
Chlamydophila psittaci source
parrots, other birds
133
Coxiella burnetti (obligate intracellualr parasite disse)
Q fever
134
aerosols of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid is trasnission of what
coxiella burnetti
135
ehrlichia chaffeensis transmission
amblyomma (lone star tick)
136
Francisella tularensis causes
tularemia: severe febrile pul infection; ulcerartive disease to inoculation site
137
transmission of francisella tularensis
ticks, rabbits, deer flies, beavers, squirrels
138
pasturella multocida causes what disaease
cellulitis, osteomyelitis
139
pasturella is a gram
gram negative rod
140
cellulitis in pastuerella mutlocida
skin + soft tissue infection; within 24hrs + MOUSE like odor (indole + species)
141
transmission of pastuerella multocida
animal bite, cats, dogs
142
rickettsia prowazekii disease
epidemic typhus
143
rickettsia prowazekii transmision
human to human via human body louse
144
rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky mountain spotted fever
145
transmiision of rickettsia rickettsii
dermacentor (dog tick)
146
rickettsia typhi disdeease
endemic typush
147
transmision of rickettsia typhi
fleas
148
salmonell spp (except S. typhi) disease
fever, diarrhea (which may be bloody), vommitng, fever, abdominal cramps,
149
source ofor salmonella spp (except S. typhi)
reptiles and poultry
150
yersinia pestis disease
plauge
151
transmission/source for yersinia pestis
fleas (rats and prairie dogs are reservoirs)
152
Anaerobic gram variable rod
gardnerella vaginalis
153
bacterial vaginosis
gardnerella vaginalis
154
symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
gray vaginal discharge with FISHY smell; non painful (vs vaginitis)
155
what is characterized by overgrowth of certain anaerobic bacteria in vagina
bacterial vaginosis
156
clue cells (vaginal epithelial cells covered w?)
gardnerella
157
clue cells have what type of apperance along outer margin
stippled apperance
158
DO a amine whiff test_ mix discharge with 10% KOH enhances fishy odor in what disease
bacterial vaginosis
159
change in vaginal flora from lactobacilli to anaerobic gram neg rods
bacterial vaginosis
160
treatment of gardnerella vaginalis
metronidazole or clindamycin
161
Vector for Rocky mountain spotted fever
dog tick. rickettsia rickettssii
162
South atlantic states: esp in NOrth carolina
rocky mountain spotted fever
163
Classic triad of rocky moutnain spotted fever
headache, fever, rash, (vasculitis)
164
In rocky mountain spotted fever; rash will start
at wrists and ankles and then spread to trunk, palms, soles
165
palms and soles rash seen in what
Coxsackie A, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and 2 syphilis
166
you drive CARS using your palms and soles
coxsackie a, rocky moutnain spotted fever, 2 syphilis
167
In typhus, rash starts
rash starts centrally and spread out, sparing palms and soles
168
Ehrlichiosis what type of immune cell
Monocytes with morulae (mulberry like inclusiosn in cytoplasm)
169
Anaplasmosis. what type of immune cell
Granulocytes with morulae in cytoplasma
170
Coxiellla burnetti has no
arthropod vector
171
spores inhaled as aerosols from cattle/sheep amniotic fluid
coxiella burnetti
172
common cause of culture - endocarditis
Q fever
173
Acute Q fever symptoms
non specific febrile illness w fever lastin ?10 days, fatigue, myalgias, severe debilitating headaches, which are often retroorbital and assoc w photophobia
174
acute q fever pneumonia
pneumonia on x ray lobar consolidation. normal leukocyte count. increase liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia
175
Chronic Q fever
Is frequently fatal; may occur in pt's w or w/o previous symptomatic acute infection; mainfests as infective endocarditis in pt's wi valvular disease
176
Eikenella corrodens
human bite: clenched fist injury (fight bite)
