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protoozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoa in GI infectiosn

A

Giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica, cryptosporidiu

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2
Q

bloating, flatulence, foul smeeling, fatty diarrhea: often seen in campers / hikers

A

giardiasis (can also present w watery diarrhea)
bloating, flatulence, foul smeeling, fatty diarrhea: often seen in campers / hikers: think fat rich Ghiradelli chocolates for fatty stools of giardia

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3
Q

hwo is giardia transmitted

A

cysts in water

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4
Q

drinking contaminated water, food borne or person-person spread; fecal oral

A

giardia

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5
Q

how to diangose giardia

A

multinucleated trophozoites or cysts in stool, antigen detection

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6
Q

treatment of giardia

A

metronidazole

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7
Q

2 forms of giardia

A

trophozoite (pathogenic stage)

cyst (infective stage)

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8
Q

bilaterally symetric pear shaped organism w multiple flagella and 2 nuclei (owl-eye appearance);

A

trophoizoite

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9
Q

cysts are what shaped

A

oval; contain up to 4 nuclei

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10
Q

small bowel biopsy of giardia

A

villous atrophy, crypt hyperlasia

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11
Q

damage intestinal villi, leads to malabsorptin due to villous blunting and decrease levels of brush border enzymes

A

giardia

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12
Q

bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate), RUQ pain;

A

amebiasis

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13
Q

flask shaped ulcer

A

amebiasis

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14
Q

fluid filled cavity in liver in conjucntion w fever, chilld, RUQ pain

A

liver abscess in abesisas

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15
Q

transmission of entamoeba histolytica

A

cysts in water

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16
Q

non inflammmatory diarrhea: giardia ; this means

A

no fecal blood or leukocytes

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17
Q

Entamoeba Eats Erythrocytes

A

diagnosis of entabmoeab

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18
Q

enteamobea diagnosis

A

serology and/or trophozoites with englufed RBCs in cytoplasm or
cysts with up to 4 nuclei in stool

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19
Q

severe diarrhea in AIDS

A

cryptosporidium

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20
Q

cryptosporidium in immunocompentent hosts

A

mild disease (watery diarrhea)

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21
Q

oocysts in fresh water is transmission of

A

cryptosporidum

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22
Q

ooctysts on acid fast stian, antigen detection

A

cryptosporidium diagnosis

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23
Q

Protozoa Cns infections

A

toxoplasma gondii,
naegleria, foleri
trypanosoma brucei

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24
Q

classic triad in congenital toxoplasmosis

A

classic triad of chorioretinits
hydrocephalus,
intracranial calcifications

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25
inflammation of choroids and retina that can have cotton-like white/yellow scars in retina
chorioretinits
26
multiple ring enhacning lesions on MRI is caused by
toxoplasma gondii
27
multiple ring enhancing lesions are what
brain abscesses: caused by reactivation in aids
28
transmission of toxoplasma gondii
cysts in meat (most common) oocysts in cat feces crosses placeneta 9pregnant women should avoid cats
29
toxoplasmic encepahtliits
headache, seizures | hydrocephalus: CNS inflammation enalrged by macrocephaly + enlargemnt of ventricles
30
Primary CNS lymphoma
large solitary lesions (ring enhancing lesiosn) but diffuse large cell NHL of B cell origin; assoc w EBV
31
neonates affected w toxoplasma gondiii
hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, rash, multiple nerve abnormalities: seizures, altered muscle tone, ocular movement defects
32
diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii
serology, biopsy (tachyzoite)
33
rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis: swimming in freshwater
naegleria fowleria
34
naegleria fowleria enteres via
cribiform plate
35
amoebesas in spinal cord
diagnose naegleria fowleria
36
bc n. fowleri enters via cribiform plate: you see inflammation in
frontal + temporal lobes | olfactor cortex: symptosm of encepahlitis; smell + taste abnormaliteis
37
African sleeping sickness
trypanosoma brucei
38
enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (due to antigeneic variation), somnolence, coma
African sleeping sickness
39
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense | Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
2 subspecies of trypanosoma brucei
40
trnasmission of trypanosoma brucei
tsetse fly, a painful bite
41
diagnosis of trypanosoma brucei
trypomastigote in blood smear
42
to treat tryp brucei | for blood borne disease
suramin
43
to treat tryp brucei for CNS penetration
melarsoprol
44
Plasmodium species
P. vivax/ovale P. falciparum P. malariae
45
how is plasmodium transmitted
anopheles mosquito
46
plasmodium casues
malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly, intravascular hemolysis
47
where is malaria most common
South Asia
48
48 hr cycle for P.vivax./ovale means?
includes fever on first and third day; thus fevers are actually 48 hr apart
49
dormant form of p.vivax/ovale
hypnozoite : in liver
50
severe irregular fever patterns
P. falciparum
51
parasitized RBC's occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), kidneys , lungs
P. falciparum
52
quartan 72 hr cycle:
P. malariae
53
blood smear: trophozoite ring form within RBC, schizont containing merozoites
plasmodium
54
red granules (Schuffner stippling) through RBc cytoplas seen with
P vivax/ovale
55
to completely eradicate hyponozoites use
primaquine
56
treat plasmodium with
chloroquine (for senstiive species), which blocks plasmodium heme polyemrasie if resistant, use mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil
57
if life threatinenig malria use
intravenous quinidine or artesunate
58
fever and hemolytic anemia; predominantly in NE US
babesiosis
59
where is babesia located
Northeastern usa
60
flu like symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia
babesia
61
maltese cross forms
intraerytrhcotyic inclusison (cross shaped) in babesia
62
ring shaped erytrhocytic inclusions
plasmodium
63
what increaseing the risk of sever disease in babesiosis
asplenia
64
transmission of babesia
ixodes ticke; can coinfect with borrelia cause same tick
65
asplenic pt's are increase risk for life threatening infections with
encapsulated organimss (strep, pneummonia, h influenza, n. memnigiitids)
66
life cycle of malaria
1. organisms inoculated into human host by Anopheles mosquito, 2. travel to liver = infect hepatocytes and replicate; 3. lysis of infected hepatocyte releases menzoites into bloodsstream 4. menzoites go to infect erythrocytes, and it is resultant erytrhocyte lysis that caues relapsing fever and sweating.
67
latent hepatic infection in form of hyponozites=responsbiel for relapsese
p vivax, ovale
68
severe babesia includes
aRds, CHF, DIC, spelinc rupture
69
treat babesia
atovaquone + azitrhomycin
70
chagas disease
dilated cardiomyopathy w apical atrophy,
71
megacolon, mega esopaghus in South america/central america
chagas disease
72
what is characteristic of acute stage of t. cruzi
unilateral periorbital swelling (romana sign): characteristic of acute stage
73
transmission of t. cruzi
reduviid bug (kissing bug); feces, deposited in a painless bite
74
trypomastigote in blood smear
diagnosis of tryp cruzi
75
benznidazole or nifurtimox
treat tryp cruzi
76
visceral leishmaniasis in S. Asia (kala-azar)
spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
77
cutaneous leishmanias
skin ulcers
78
how is leishmania donovania tranmistted
sandfly
79
diagnosis of leishmania donovania
maeropahges containing amastigotes
80
STI: vaginits
trichomonas vaginalis
81
foul smelling; greenish discharge; itchign and burning;
vaginitis
82
transmission of trichomonas vaginalis
sexual (cannot exist outside human bc it cannot form cysts)
83
diagnosis of trichmonosas vaginalis
trophozoites (motile) on wet mount; strawberry cervix

Microbiology (13 decks)

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