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bacillus clost coryn list Flashcards

1
Q

Gram +, spore forming rod that produces antrhax toxin

A

bacillus antrhacis

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2
Q

the only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule (contains D-glutamate)

A

bacillus anthracis

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3
Q

what does polypeptide capsule of bac antrhacis contain

A

D-glutamate

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4
Q

Bacillus antrahcis exotoxin complex includes

A

edema factor, lethal factor, protective antigen

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5
Q

greatest risk factor for bacillus anthracis

A

wool

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6
Q

how is bacillus antrhacis transmissed to humans

A

spores inhaled, ingested or incoulated into skin

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7
Q

medusa head appearance

A

bacillus anthracis

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8
Q

bacillus antrhacis colonies show

A

halo of projections

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9
Q

painless papule surrounded by vesilces -> ulcer with black eschar

A

cutaneous anthrax (painless, necrotic)

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10
Q

purpose of protective antigen in bacillus

A

binds to host cell membrane receptor on macs and forms a channel that delivers lethal factor and eedema factor into cell

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11
Q

calmodulin dependendt adenylase cyclae

A

edema factor

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12
Q

zinc depedneat proteaes (mmp) that inhibits mitogen activated protien kinase singaling, causing apoptosis and multisystem physiological disruption

A

lethal factor

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13
Q

inhalation of spores: flue like symptoms that progresses to fever, pulm hemorraghe, mediastinitis, and shock

A

pulmonary antrax

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14
Q

also known as woolsorter’s disease

A

pulmonary antrax

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15
Q

mediastinitis

A

hemorraghci (visible on cxr: widened mediastinum

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16
Q

exposed to aerolized biological weapons

A

pulmonary antrax

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17
Q

Gram + rod erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes

A

Erysipeloid is an acute bacterial infection of traumatized skin and other organs. :
Erysipeloid is an occupational disease. [2, 3] Humans acquire erysipeloid after direct contact with infected animals.

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18
Q

spores formed only upon warming to 37 C, and presence of appropriate concentrations oc CO2 and protein

A

bacillus and clostridium spores

c. tetain spores: produce toxin only in anaerboic environemtns

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19
Q

bacillus cereus gram

A

gram + rod

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20
Q

spores survive cooking rice

causes food poisionin

A

bacillus cereus

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21
Q

bacillus cereus spore and heat stable enterotoxin formation caused by

A

keeping rice warm results

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22
Q

reheated rice syndrome

A

bacillus cereus

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23
Q

2 types of bacillus cereus

A

emetic type : seen w rice and pasta.

nauesa and vomiting within 1-5 hr

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24
Q

emetic type of bacillus cereus caused by

A

cereulide, a preformed toxin

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25
cereulide is what type of toxin
preformed
26
diarrheal type of bacillus cereus
watery, nonbloody diarrhea, GI pain, 8-18 hr
27
C. septicum
spore forming, gram + bacteria. exotoxin producing | normal commensal of GI tract
28
Clostiridum septicum is a normal commensal of
GI tract. breakdown in GI mucosa can lead to invasion w subsequent hematogenous dissemination to healthy muscle tissue; resulting in sponatenous gas gangrene (non-traumatic--> this is unlike other clostridium which requires truma
29
non traumatic gas gangreene:
rapid onset msucle pain, fever, hemorrhagic bullae w sukysurround skin and tissue edema and cepetus
30
spontanoues gas gangrene triggered by underlying
colonic malignancy: creates portal of entry for bacteria. IBD, immunosuppressin
31
produces tetanospasmin; an exotoxin causing tetanus
C. tetani
32
how is C. tetani diagnoised
CLINICAL diagnosis only
33
proteases that cleave SNARE proteins for neurotransmitters
Tetauns toxin (and botulinum toxin)
34
C. tetani blocks release of inhibitor y neurotrasnmitters
GABA AND glycin
35
blocks release of inihbitory neurotransmitters from what cells in spinal cord
Renshaw cells
36
C. tetain cauess what
spastic paraylsis, trismus (lockjaw), risus sardonicus, opisthotonos
37
spasm of spinal extensors
opisthotonos
38
explain risus sardonicus
raised eyebrows and open grin
39
how do you prevent tetanus
tetanus vaccine (gives trasnplacental IgG to fetus
40
neonatal tetanus caused by
intro of tetani spores to infant; generally from unhygenic delieries or cordcare
41
neontal tetanus difficulty feeding because
tonic spasm of masticatory trisums; as disease progresses spasmus and hypertonicity: clenched hands, dorsiflexed feet, opisthototons
42
do not give tetanus vaccination at birth
bc of immature neonatal immune system
43
retrograde axonal transport to CNS (up LMN) to block inhibitor neurons
C. tetani spores
44
puncture wound think
C. tetani
45
Gram + spore forming rods Clostridia are obligate
anaerobic rods
46
lower temps associated w inadequate sterilization due to presence of
spore forming bacteria (can surivve at high temps)
47
the 4 D's of botulism
dipolopia, dysartrhia, dysphagia, dyspnea
48
descending flaccid paralysis
boutlism
49
inhibits Ach release at NMJ causing botulism
botulium heat labile toxin
50
botulism enters nerve terminals through endocytes, prevents bidnidng and fusion of ach containing synatpic vesciles w plasma membbrane through destruction of SNARE proteins
TRUE
51
adult boutliusm:
ingestion of preformed toxin (canned food)
52
baby botulism
ingestion of spores (in honey) leads to disease (floppy baby syndrome
53
combo of nicotinic and muscarinic blockade
botulism: dipolopia, dysphagia musc: dry mouth
54
C. botuliumun causes waht when stimualting of motor nerve on emg
decreases Compound muscle action potential (CMAP_
55
high rate, repetitive nerve stimulation does what to C. boutlinum CMAP
improves CMAP: | increases rate Ca2+ conc in presynaptic nerve terminal mobilized adiditonal ach vesicles
56
does not increase CMAP with high rate repetitive nerve stimulation
myasthenia gravis
57
botox can treat
focal dystonia, achalasia, muscle spasms. and facial wrinkles
58
what produces alpha toxin
c. perfringens
59
what is a toxin
lecithinase, a phospholipase)
60
c. perfrignes a toxin cauess
myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
61
lecithinase hydrolyzes lecithin in
in cell membranes: results in cell lysis
62
fasciitis assoc with penetrationg injury by soil contaminated regions
gas gangrene
63
C. perfiringesn spores can survive in undercooked foot; when ingested, it releases
heat-labile enterotoxin: causing food poisoning
64
food poisioning in c. perfringens is diff than bacillus staph auers food poinsing
transient, watery diarrhea (delayed onset) compared to bc they have preformed toxin
65
gas gangrene on radiopgrpahs
can be vsiualized
66
2 toxins produced by C. dificle:
toxin A and Toxin B
67
enterotoxin that binds to brush border of gut and alters fluid secretion. c. difficile
Toxin A
68
cytotoxin that disrupts cytoskeleton via actin depolymerization c. difiicle
Toxin B
69
Both toxin a and b lead to
diarrhea: pseudomembranous colitis
70
C. dificle antiboitic therpay causes waht
clindamycin, ampicillin espeically; and fluoroquinloones increase risk of c dificile infection as it killes intestinal microbes that noramlly keep potential pathogens in check and noramly competes for nuetrients and adhesion sites within salts
71
how is c dificle diagnosed
diagnosed by detecting one or both toxins in stool by antigen detection or PCR
72
Recruits and activates neutrophils; leading to release of cytokines that cause mucosal inflammation fluid loss , and diarrhea in c dificle
Toxin A of c dificle
73
Both toxin A and B inactivate
Rho-regulation proteins
74
rho regulation protein purpose
involved in signal transduction and actin cytoskeletal structure maintenace. as a result toxins cause disruption of intracellular tight junctions:
75
actin depolymerization in toxin B causes mucosal
cell death ,bowel wall necrosis, pseudomembrane formation
76
white yellow plaques composed of fibrin , inflammatory cells, cellular debris on colonic mucosa
pseudomembrane
77
c. difficle causes what to colon
megacolon

Microbiology (13 decks)

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