GU Infections

Question 1

what 2 common GU infections are tested for simultaneously and how?

Answer 1

chlamydia and gonorrhea; voided urine PCR probe

Question 2

dx: creamy purulent discharge from penis/vagina

Answer 2

neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 3

treatment for neisseria gonorrhoeae infection

Answer 3

ceftriaxone

Question 4

dx: infection causing pelvic inflammatory disease and conjunctivitis

Answer 4

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 5

what form of chlamydia trachomatis is infectious? is this form metabolically inactive or active?

Answer 5

elementary body (Enfectious); metabolically inactive

Question 6

treatment for chlamydia trachomatis infection

Answer 6

azithromycin and doxycycline

Question 7

treatment for trichomonas vaginalis infection

Answer 7

metronidazole

Question 8

treatment for ureaplasma

Answer 8

erythromycin and doxycycline

Question 9

ddx: painful genital lesions

Answer 9

herpes, chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi), lymphogranuloma venereum

Question 10

ddx: non-painful genital lesions

Answer 10

syphilis, molluscum, genital wart

Question 11

dx: painful penile, vulvar, or cervical vesicles and ulcers

Answer 11

HSV-2, less commonly HSV-1

Question 12

dx: painful ulcerated lesion with lymphadenopathy, culture shows pleomorphic gram negative rods

Answer 12

haemophilus ducreyi

Question 13

haemophilus ducreyi: what disease does it cause, what is it, treatment

Answer 13

chancroid; pleomorphic gram negative rod; azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin

Question 14

causative agent of syphilis

Answer 14

treponema pallidum

Question 15

dx: painless chancre

Answer 15

primary syphilis (treponema pallidum)

Question 16

describe the primary, secondary, and tertiary stages of syphilis (treponema pallidum)

Answer 16

primary: painless chancre at inoculation site, highly infectious
secondary: disseminated disease with constitutional symptoms, maculopapular rash (including palms and soles), condylomata lata (smooth, moist, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitals)
tertiary: chronic granulomas (gummas), aortitis, neurosyphilis, Argyll Robertson pupil (constrict with accommodation but not reactive to light), due to immune system-driven damage to multiple organs

Question 17

syphilis (treponema pallidum): treatment

Answer 17

penicillin G

Question 18

dx: flesh-colored papules with central umbilication

Answer 18

molluscum contagiosum

Question 19

molluscum contagiosum: what is it, life cycle, histology

Answer 19

very large dsDNA virus in poxvirus family; single life cycle of lytic replication; histology shows molluscum bodies (large eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm = viral “factories”)

Question 20

HPV: what is it, what does initial infection require?

Answer 20

dsDNA virus; access to basal epithelial layer via skin damage –> replicates in upper layers of epithelium –> warts

Question 21

when does HPV cause cancer?

Answer 21

upon accidental integration of broken viral DNA into host genome

Question 22

dx: clue cells (vaginal epithelial cells with shaggy borders) seen under microscope

Answer 22

gardnerella vaginalis

Question 23

normal pH of vagina

Answer 23

4.5

Question 24

gardnerella vaginalis: what is it, treatment

Answer 24

pleomorphic gram variable rod, part of normal vaginal flora; metronidazole or clindamycin

Question 25

treatment for vaginal candidiasis

Answer 25

fluconazole