H&N booklet 2 Flashcards by Jenny Griffiths

What are the muscles of mastication?

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

Temporal fossa

Coronoid process of mandible

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What action do the anterior fibres have on the mandible?

Protraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What action do the posterior fibres have on the mandible?

Elevation + retraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the bony attachments of the masseter?

Zygomatic arch

Outer surface of the ramus and coronoid process of mandible

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the action of the masseter?

Primary muscle of jaw closure (elevation)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do the pterygoid muscles attach?

Lateral pterygoid plate
>Medial is on medial surface
>Lateral on lateral surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach to?

TMJ

Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the medial pterygoid muscle attach to?

Angle of mandible

Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the actions of the pterygoid muscles?

1) Lateral together
2) medial together
3) One medial and one lateral (on same side)

1) Protraction of mandible
2) elevation of mandible
3) Contralateral contraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What muscles cause depression of the mandible?

Surpahyoid muscles
>Digastric
>Mylohyoid
>Stylohyoid
Gravity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What muscles cause elevation of the mandible?

Masseter
Temproalis - anterior fibres
Medial pterygoids together

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What causes protrusion of the mandible?

Lateral pterygoids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What causes retration of the pterygoids?

Temporalis - posterior fibres

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what causes side to side movements of the mandible?

Medial pterygoids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What nerve innervated the muscles of mastication?

Trigeminal nerve - mandibular division: CN V3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the functions of the nose?

Traps dirt
Warms air
Sinus/eye secretion
Olfaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which bones do the nasal bones articulate with?

Frontal bone - superior
Maxilla - frontal process - laterally
Ethmoid - posterior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What bones make up the roof of he nose?

Nasal
Frontal bone
Ethmoid bone
Body of spheniod bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What makes up the floor of the nasal cavity?

Palatine processes of maxilla
Palatine bones
>Form hard palate

Extended posteriorly by sft palate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What bones make up the nasal septum?

Vomer

Perpindicular plate of the ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How can nasal deviation affect a patient?

Might be unable to drain paranasal air sinuses effectively

May lose smell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?

Cribriform plate
Crista gali
Central plate
Superior + middle conchae
Ethmoid air cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What passes through the cribriform plate?

Olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What attaches to the crista gali?

Olfactory bulbs | Falx cerebri

What type of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa of the nasal cavity?

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar | Olfactory mucosa for roof

What is the name of the space above the superior conchae?

sphenoethmoidal recess

What are the spaces beneath the conchae called?

Meatuses

What is the other name for a conchae?

Turbinate - when lined with epithelium

What bones do the conchae arise from?

Inferior is its own bone | Middle + superior from ethmoid bone

What are the paranasal air sinuses?

Air filled extensions of the respiratory tract

What are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses?

Regulation of gas pressure Increased resonance of voice Decreased relative weight of skull

What draines into the sphenoethmoid recess?

Sphenoid sinus

What drains into the superior meatus?

Posterior ethmoid air cells

What drains into the middle meatus?

Maxillary sinus Frontal sinus Superior ethmoid air cells Anterior ethmoid air cells

What drains into the inferior meatus?

Nasal lacrimal duct

Which sinus has its draining above its most inferior part?

Maxillary

What branches of the trigeminal nerve innervate the air sinuses?

``` CN V1 >Frontal >Sphenoid >Ethmoidal CN V2 >Maxillary >Sphenoid ```

What is the vestible?

The space between the teeth and cheeks

What muscle causes closing of the lips?

Orbivular oris

What are the functions of the tongue?

Moving food during swallowing Taste Speech

What sulcus divides the tongue?

Sulcus terminalis

What is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?

Site of the thyroid development | >Can lead to thyroglossal cyst

What are the three types of papillae?

Filiform - only one without taste buds Fungiform Vallate

What are the lymphoid elevations of the posterior tongue called?

Lingular tonsils

What fold of mucous membrane fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Frenulum

What nerve innervates the general sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Trigeminal nerve - mandibular branch - CNV3

What nerve innervates the general sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Glossopharyngeal nerve - CN IX

What nerve innervates the taste sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Facial nerve - CNVII | Chorda tympani branch

What nerve innervates the taste sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Glossopharyngeal nerve - CN IX

What are the types of muscle fo the tongue?

Intrinisc | Extrinisc

What are the functions of the toungue muscle types?

Intrinisc - shape tongue | Extrinisic - move tongue

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus

What is the attachment of the genioglossus?

Inerior surface of the mandible

What is the attachment of the hyglossus?

Upper border of mandible

What is the attachment of the styloglossus?

Styloid process

What is the attachment of the palatoglossus?

Soft palate

What is the action of the genioglossus?

Protrudes tongue to other side

What is the action of the hyglossus?

Depresses and retracts tongue

What is the action of the styloglossus?

Retracts tongue | Elevates tongue

What is the action of the palatoglossus?

Elevates posterior tongue | Depresses soft palate

What nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue?

Hypoglossal nerve | Except for palatoglossus

What are the three pairs of salivary gland?

Parotid Submandibular Sublingual

What nerve gives parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands?

Parotid - glossopharyngeal | Submandibular + sublingual - facial nerve

What muscles make up the soft palate?

``` Palatoglossus Tensor veli palatine Levator veli palatin Palatopharyngeus Muscularis uvulae ```

What nerve innervates the muscles of the soft palate?

Vagus nerve

What is the collective action of the soft palate muscles?

Swallowing | Breathing

What structure lies between the palatoglossus and the palatopharyngeus muscles?

Palatine tonsils | >Lymphatic structure

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

What makes up the roof of the nasopharynx?

Sphenoid bone

What stops a bolus from: 1) entering the naso pharynx 2) entering the larynx?

1) soft palate | 2) epiglottis

What are the three layers of the pharynx?

Outer muscular layer Middle fibrous layer Inner mucous membrane

What muscles make up the outer circular layer of the muscular layer of the pharynx?

Constrictor muscles | Superior, middle and inferior

What muscles make up the inner longitudinal layer of the muscular layer of the pharynx?

Stylopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus Palatopharangeus

Where does the pharynx gets its innervation from?

Pharyngeus plexus >Sensory - IX >Motor - X

What is the action of the constrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?

Pushes food into oesophagus

What is the action of the longitudinal layer of muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?

Propells bolus down

What is the role of the tongue and palate during swallowing?

Pusehs food into pharynx and stops going into the nasal pharynx

What are the parts of the lumen of the larynx?

Vestible (upper part, between false cords and laryngeal inlet) Middle - between false and true cords Lower part - from vocal cords to cricoid cartilage

What nerves innervate the intrinisc muscles of the larynx?

Recurrent laryngeal nerve | >Except cricothyroid which is superior laryngeal nerve

What nerve innervates the mucous membrane of the larynx?

Superior laryngeal nerve