Haematuria

Question 1

Causes of transient non-visible haematuria

Answer 1

urinary tract infection
menstruation
vigorous exercise (normally settles after ~3 days)
sexual intercourse

Question 2

Causes of persistent non-visible haematuria

Answer 2

cancer (bladder, renal, prostate)
stones
BPH
prostatitis
urethritis e.g. Chlamydia
renal causes: IgA nephropathy, thin basement membrane disease

Question 3

What can cause the urine to appear red/orange in colour but no true blood is present on dipstick?

Answer 3

foods: beetroot, rhubarb

drugs: rifampicin, doxorubicin

Question 4

If haematuria is present on dipstick what other investigations may be needed?

Answer 4

• U&Es
• ACR
• PCR
• BP
  Urine microscopy/culture

Question 5

What type of referral should this be?

Aged >= 45 years and
unexplained VISIBLE haematuria without urinary tract infection

Answer 5

Urgent Suspicion of Cancer
(2 week pathway)

Question 6

What type of referral should this be?

Aged >= 45 years and
VISIBLE haematuria that persists or recurs after successful treatment of urinary tract infection

Answer 6

Urgent suspicion of cancer
(2 weeks)

Question 7

What type of referral should this be?

Aged >= 60 years and unexplained NON-VISIBLE haematuria and either dysuria or a raised white cell count on a blood test

Answer 7

Urgent

Question 8

What type of referral should this be?

Aged >= 60 years with recurrent or persistent unexplained urinary tract infection

Answer 8

Routine