vesico-ureteric reflux

Question 1

What is VU reflux?

Answer 1

abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and kidney

Question 2

In what age group is VU reflux common?

Answer 2

common abnormality of the urinary tract in children

• predipsoses to UTI in children

Question 3

Pathophysiology of VU reflux

Answer 3

• ureters are displaced laterally, => enter bladder in perpendicular fashion rather than at an angle
  => shortened intramural course of the ureter
  => VU junction cannot function adequately

Question 4

When can VU reflux present?

Answer 4

antenatally
- hydronephrosis on US

childhood
- recurrent UTIs

chronic pyelonephritis - secondary to VUR

hypertension
- renal scarring may produce increased quantities of renin

Question 5

Imaging used for diagnosis of VU reflux

Answer 5

• micturating cystourethrogram
• DMSA scan to look for renal scarring