Hemodynamics Part II: embolism Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Hemodynamics Part II: embolism Deck (16)
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1
Q

define embolus

A

a detached intravascular solid, liquid or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin

2
Q

sources for arterial emboli

A
atrial fibrillation
mitral stenosis- brain
endocarditis
mural thrombi in heart or aorta
paradoxical emboli
3
Q

systemic thromboembolism

A

emboli that migrate within the arterial circulation

most likely intracardiac mural thrombi

4
Q

define mural thrombi

A

arterial thrombosis in cardiac chambers due to MI, ulcerated aterosclerotic plaqu or aneurysmal dilation

5
Q

define paradoxical embolism

A

rare condition in which an embolus originating from venous circulation passes through an itner-atrial or inter-ventricular defect to gain access to the systemic circulation

6
Q

where do 95% of pulmonary thromboembolism arise from?

A

deep leg vein thrombi above level of knee

7
Q

define saddle embolus

A

pulmonary embolus that lodges across vessel bifurcation and causes sudden death

8
Q

fat globules in the circulation are common due to (3)

A

fractures of long bones
soft tissue trauma
burns

9
Q

what does an oil red O stain indicate?

A

fat embolism (fat in capillaries)

10
Q

what type of embolism would be indicated by a diffuse petechial rash?

A

fat embolism

11
Q

due to air in the circulation resulting from obstetric procedures and chest wall injury

A

air embolism

12
Q

describe decompresssion sickness

A

nitrogen inspired at high pressures dissolves in blood and tissues in greater amounts than at atmospheric pressure. If there is a rapid decrease in pressure (decompression) nitrogen bubbles form in the circulation to form gas emboli

13
Q

define the bends

A

painful formation of gas bubbles in skeletal muscels and supporting tissues in and around joints

14
Q

define the chokes

A

gas emboli in lungs cause edema, hemorrhage atelectasis and emphysema causing respiratory distress

15
Q

breach in placental membranes and uterine veins causes infusion of amiotic fluid into maternal circulation

A

amniotic fluid embolism

16
Q

what do amniotic fluid emboli consist of?

A

epithelial cells from fetal skin
lanugo hair
fat from venix caseosa
mucin from fetal respiratory and gastrointestinal tract