Hepatitis Viruses

Question 1

What are Hepatitis Viruses

Answer 1

Viruses that specifically target the liver

Question 2

where do Hepatitis Viruses primarily infect and replicate

Answer 2

in hepatocytes

Question 3

what’s the symptome theme for Hepatitis Viruses

Answer 3

Liver damage from virus and host response

Question 4

severity of Hepatitis viruses

Answer 4

Some acute infection, some chronic infecions

Question 5

Prevalence of Different Hepatitis VIruses

Answer 5

HDV and HEV very rare in US

we have a good amount of HAV, HBV, and HCV

Question 6

is HAV usually acute or chronic

Answer 6

Acute

Question 7

Is HBV usually acute or chronic

Answer 7

about 50:50

Question 8

Is HBC usually acute or chronic

Answer 8

Chronic

Question 9

What type of VIrus is HBV

Answer 9

Hepadnaviridae

Question 10

what is the Genome of HBV

Answer 10

dsDNA (smallest genome of the human virus)

Question 11

what is the Virion of HBV

Answer 11

enveloped

Question 12

PRoteins of HBV

Answer 12

HBsAg-S: Virion assembly
HBsAG-M: unknown function
HBsAG-L: cell attachment
HBcAg: capside
Pol: reverse transcriptase

Question 13

Growing HBV on a cell culture

Answer 13

Cannot be done

Question 14

Replication of HBV requires

Answer 14

RNA intermediate and therefore reverse transcriptase

Question 15

what is the template for transcpirtion of HBV

Answer 15

cccDNA

Question 16

what is need for HBV transcption

Answer 16

Liver specific transcription facters

Question 17

what does HBV produce that is found in infected people

Answer 17

Many empty particles/capsids (HBsAy)- “sloppy virus”

Question 18

what does the dsDNA of HBV look like outside and inside the cell

Answer 18

outside: rcDNA: not fully double standed
inside: repaired by cellular machinery to make cccDNA

Question 19

How to test if someone has HBV

Answer 19

test for empty particles in blood stream

Question 20

how does one get HBV

Answer 20

Sex and Drugs

Question 21

Incubation of Hepatitis B VIrus

Answer 21

30-180 days

Question 22

Symptoms of HBV

Answer 22

General MAlaise, ANorexia, Vomiting, Fatigue, cough, serum-like sickness
Jaundice, elevated Alainine transaminase levels

Question 23

Revovery from HBV (acute)

Answer 23

3-4 months after onset of jaundice

Question 24

what results from a chronic HBV infection

Answer 24

high levels of antibodies in blood stream plus some sickness at times

Question 25

how common is HBV chronic disease

Answer 25

5% of cases

Question 26

what marks HBV chronic

Answer 26

Presence of HBsAg in blood for >6 months | marked by poor IgG response

Question 27

Chronic HBV symptoms

Answer 27

SPoradic epidosde of hepatitis Cirrhosis of the liver Increased risk for heaptocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Question 28

why would someone get hepatocellular carcinoma because of HBV

Answer 28

HBV X gene/protein has tumorigenic potential

Question 29

HBV prevention and control

Answer 29

Vaccination Chronic: Interferon- alpha therapay Nucleoside analogs: adefovir, lamivudine, tenofovir

Question 30

what kind of Vaccine is the HBV vaccine

Answer 30

First reombinant vacccine for humans

Question 31

Giving the HBV vaccine

Answer 31

Multiple inoculations

Question 32

HBV vaccine and chronic infections

Answer 32

does not owrk

Question 33

what type of agent is HDV

Answer 33

subviral agent

Question 34

commonality of subviral agents

Answer 34

rare in human viruses

Question 35

examples of subviral agents

Answer 35

HBV and Adeno-associated virus (AAV)

Question 36

what does AAV require to infect

Answer 36

adenovirus infection

Question 37

what does HDV require

Answer 37

active HBV infection

Question 38

what does the HDV virus encode

Answer 38

RNA for a single protein

Question 39

what type of Virus is HCV

Answer 39

Flaviviridae

Question 40

Genome of HCV

Answer 40

(+)ssRNA

Question 41

Virion of HCV

Answer 41

enveloped

Question 42

Proteins of HCV

Answer 42

E1&E2: attachment and entry C: Core Various non-structural

Question 43

How does HCV genome replicate

Answer 43

Genome passed into cytoplasm

Question 44

how does HCV get into cell

Answer 44

receptor mediated endocytosis, goes into endosome, lowers pH, pore forms and genome is pussed out into the cytoplasm, but capside never leaves endosome

Question 45

Symptoms of HCV compared to HBV

Answer 45

HCV is more mild

Question 46

Disease by HCV

Answer 46

Extrahepatic disease

Question 47

extrahepatic disease caused by HCV

Answer 47

mixed cryoglobulinemia

Question 48

mixed cryoglobulinemia

Answer 48

antibody and virus complexes deposit in other tissures (kidneys) elicitinga an immune response and subseqquent tissue damge

Question 49

treating HCV

Answer 49

SEPATIER, treats some denotypes | No Vaccine

Question 50

How does one get HAV

Answer 50

ingestion of fecally contaminated food and water | absorbed through intestine and moves to liver via portal system

Question 51

Incubation of HAV

Answer 51

15-40 days

Question 52

Symptoms of HAV

Answer 52

consistent with hepatitis infection: Maliase, anorexia, vomitiing, jaundice

Question 53

who gets worse HAV infections

Answer 53

Adults

Question 54

resolution time of HAV

Answer 54

8 weeks post infection

Question 55

Prevention of HAV

Answer 55

VAccine

Question 56

Vaccine for HAV

Answer 56

killed/inactivated

Question 57

response of HAV

Answer 57

fecal HAV - 2 weeks 4 week IgM- initatl response when 12 weeks IgG - cellular mediated

Question 58

what does HEV cause

Answer 58

foodborne and waterborne hepatitis

Question 59

Disease of HEV is like

Answer 59

similar to that of HAV

Question 60

separating HAV from HEV

Answer 60

serolofy

Question 61

HEV and pregnant women

Answer 61

lifethreatenign

Question 62

PRevention of HEV

Answer 62

no prevention, but vaccine under development

Question 63

HAV biology is similar to

Answer 63

Poliovius