Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

micro exam 3 > Respiratory VIruses > Flashcards

Respiratory VIruses Flashcards

(129 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what kind of viruses does Rhinovirus replicate like

A

Poliovirus (Picornavirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Influenza virus

A

A, B, and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of influenza Virus is the most common and associated with the greatest concern

A

Type A influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

comparison of Inflenza viruses frequency of isolation

A

A then B then C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Comparison of Influenza viruses severity of disease

A

A then B then C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What Influenza viruses have an Animal REservoir

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many Genome RNA segments are in each Influenza Virus

A

A:8
B: 8
C: 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of Virus is Influenza

A

Orthomyxoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Genome of Influenza

A

8 segments (-)ssRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Virion of Influenza

A

Enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proteins of Influenza

A 
HA - Hemagglutinin, cell Attachment
NA - Neuraminidase, viral budding and release
M1 - matrix
M2 - Ion Channel
PB1, PB2, PA - TRanscription complex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what proteins on Influenza lead to an immune response

A

HA and NA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is INfluenza identified

A

by surface antigens HA and NA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

types of HA and NA

A

16 HA

9 NA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the major determinant if Influenza infects birds or human

A

HA specifically the Sialic Acid Linkage
alpha 2, 3: Avian
Alpha 2, 6: Human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What part of Influenza is the major determinant for human to human transmission

A

HA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where Does Influenza Virus type A tend to live

A

water birds in the GI tract as an illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Roll of HA protein in INfluenza Virus

A

Attachment brings cell and Virus membranes into proximity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what triggers a confirmational change in HA protein

A

after cell attachment by pH change in endosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

confirmationchange in HA protein leads to

A

membrane fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the enternce pattern of Influenza serves as a model for

A

all enveloped viruses enternce patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where does Transcription and replication take place for influenza

A

In the Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does the genome of Influenza leave the nucleus

A

The protected genome (RNP core) escapes nucleus and buds from cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what Influenza protein is critical to budding

A

NA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does Influenza travel
by Aerosol, both large and small drops
26
what size of particle is most infectious
less then 10 microns
27
Incubation time for Influenza
1-4 days
28
how long is Influenza Contagious
Day before symptom onset to 5 days later | Children are infectious for longer
29
what is the EID50 for Influenza
as low as .3 to 6 (People are better for relicating than eggs)
30
Response to Influenza virus
``` Interferon response then nasal wash neutralizing antibody serum antineurimidase antibody Serum Neuratralizing antibody takes about 2 weeks for these to become a big thing ```
31
what kind of disease is Influenza timing wise
Seasonal (interpandemic) flu
32
Syptoms of Influenza
Fever, Malaise, Nonproductive cough, sore throat for 3-7 days after symtpoms develop
33
what type of Influenza strains are around rn
H3N2, H1N1
34
Contagiousness of Influenza Virus
Reproductive number between 1 and 2
35
Complications associated wth Influenza virus
Viral Pneumonia Bacterial pneumonia Reye syndrom (Type B + aspirin) Otitis Media
36
What kind of Vaccine is the Influenza Vaccine
Atenuated Live vaccine
37
why do we need new vaccine for Influenza each year
Virus Mutations cause an antigenic shift
38
lead time for Influenza Vaccine
Long lead time( due to reproduction needs and eggs take time to make)
39
what is contained in the Influenza vaccine
H3N2, H1N1, and Type B strain
40
how is the Type A strain of Influenza vaccine generated
through reassortment via coinfection with PR8 strain
41
Treating Influenza Virus
Antiviral treatment Zanamivir or oseltamivir (tamiflue) Supportive care
42
what antiviral treatments are there for Influenza Virus
Amantidine, rimantidine
43
how antiviral treatments fight Influenza virus
Blocks entry | Inhibits M2 activity
44
problem with antiviral treatment
Development of resistance common
45
how does Zanamivir or oseltamivir (tamiflu) work
Blocks release of budding virions - easier to be targetted by antibodies
46
resistance of influenze to Tamiflu
resistance is not common
47
The 4 Influenza Pandemics
1918 Spanish Flu 1957 Asian Flu 1968 Hong Kong Flu 2009-2010 N1N1
48
Strain of Influenza for the Spanish FLu
H1N1 strain
49
deaths from the Spanish flu
20-40 million
50
where was the Spanish flu Virulent
In healthy adults
51
what did the Spanish flu cause in lethal cases
Cytokine storm
52
strain for the Asian flu
H2N2
53
who did the Asian Flu kill
6 Million deaths, mostly elder and young children
54
strain for the Hong Kong Flu
H3N2
55
Deaths of the Hong Kong Flu
2 million
56
deaths from the 2009-2010 H1N1 Flu
8k-18k deaths
57
where does inlfuenza pandemics arise from
arise from avian strains
58
how did people get the Spanish flu
Avian H1N1 flu somehow jumped from birds to people
59
how did people begin to Asian Influenza
H1N1 in humans went through a reassortment with Avian H2N2 so that it could then infect humans. HANA genes and PB1 genes came from the avian part and the rest from the human part
60
how did people then get the Hong Kong Influenza
Human H2N2 from the asian influenza went through reassortment with H3 avian virus to make H3N2
61
what generally is the lead in for a Influenza pandemic
jump from bird strain to human or a reassortment of the human strain with a bird strain
62
types of Avian Influenza
highly Pathogenic | Low Pathogenic
63
strains for highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
H5 or H7 strains
64
who did the highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza kill
Lethal in greater the 75% of 6-8 week old susceptible chicks
65
how does highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza replicate throughout the entire body
HPAI strains have multi-basic residues at HA cleavage site allowing for replication
66
symptoms of highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Skin lesions, necrotic and swollen combs, systemic infection
67
Symptoms of Low PAthogenic Avian Influenza
Asymptomatic to slight respiratory infection | no lesions
68
what can H5 and H7 strains of Avian Influenza mutate into
HPAI strains
69
Dutch research into the avian influenza cuased great controversy becasue
Using the H5N1 strain, high mortality rate in people, beggging the question if H5N1 could adapt to Humans
70
how did the Dutch researchers see if H5N1 could kill
PAssaged virus in ferrets to model human
71
what hapened once H5N1 virus began replicating in ferrets
after 10 generations, virus was capable of airborn transmission between animals
72
how did H5N1 begin to become airborne
5 mutation in 2 genes in HA that alter sialic aid binding
73
how is Adenovirus characterized
by serotype
74
serotype of Adenovirus is assocated with
with diferent diseases
75
what types of Adenovirus are most frequently studied
2 and 5
76
Adenovirus is what type of virus
Adenoviridae
77
Genome of Adenovirus
dsDNA
78
Virion of Adenovirus
Non-enveloped
79
Proteins in adenovirus
Fiber : cell attachment Penton base: cell entry Hexon: Capsid
80
entry of Ednovirus
Entry via coxackie-adenovirus receptor(CAR)
81
how does the Capsid for adenovirus disassemble
pH triggers
82
where does Adenovirus go once the capsid has disassembled
moves to the nucleus via microtubules
83
3 phases of Gene expression for Adenovirus
Immediate - earlly Early Late
84
what part of the genome is involved in the immediate early part of adenovirus
E1A portion of the Genome
85
what regulated the E1A prtion of Adenovirus genome
2 transcriptional regulators from the cell and virus
86
importance of the Immediate-early stage of adenovirus
necessary to reach the early stage
87
Genes involved in the gene expression stage for Adenovirus
5: E1B, E2, E3, E4, and L1
88
what occures in the Early gene expression phase of Adenovirus
DNA replication and post transcriptional events
89
what occures in the late gene expression phase of Adenovirus
Take over of cellular mRNA synthesis
90
where is Genome replication began for Adneovirus
on either end becuase of identical end sequences
91
what direction does replication occur for Adenovirus
in the 5' to 3' direction, and one strand is displaced
92
what happens to the displaced strand with Adenovirus
circularizes to allow template copy to be made
93
what protein is used to PRime genome replication in adenovirus
protein pTP (this unusual priming strategy
94
What does Adenovirus need to complete replication
a replicating cell
95
When does DNA replication occure
during the S phase
96
problem with needing a replicating cell for Adenovirus to continue replicating
not all cells are actively replicating
97
How does Adenovirus force a cell to express genes from S phase
E1A inactivated pRb, which leads to S phase gene expresion | E1B inactivates p53 leading to S phase and preventing apoptosis
98
the method in which Adenovirus brings about S phase is similar to what and may lead to what
Oncogenic processes and may lead to oncogenic tumors
99
what does the E3 gene of Adenovirus produce
Proteins important to host immune evasion
100
how does the E3 gene act to evade host immune system
Blocks MHC class I expression reducing CTL cell killing Blocks TNF induced apoptosis Blocks IFN-alpha and IFN-beta action keeping protein translation active
101
What disease does Adenovirus cause
Acute respiratory disease
102
Respiratory infection is how common from virus
5-10% of all viral infections
103
when do most adenovirus respiratory infection occur
before the age of 14
104
symptoms of adenovirus
same as common cold (Nasal congestion, inflammation, cough)
105
Adenovirus serotypes associated with Adenovirus REspiratory disease with symptoms the same as the common cold
1, 2, 5, and 6
106
Symptoms of Acute respiratory disease from Adenovirus
Severe pneumonia
107
risk factor for acute respiratory disease
Seen in military recruits due to crowded conditions and fatigue
108
serotypes for acute respiratory disease
4 and 7
109
Prevention of Acute REspiratory disease from adenovirus
vaccine for military personnel 17-50 yeras old
110
What does Adenovirus cause
Respiratory infections | Acute respiratory disease
111
Use of Adenovirus in research
often used as a vector in gene therapy research
112
Rhinovirus is the frequent cause of what
mild upper respiratory infection
113
diversity of Rhinovirus
large antigenic diversity (100 serotypes)
114
why is there no vaccine for Rhinovirus
too many serotypes
115
Rhinovirus reservoir
Humans the only reservoir
116
How does Rhinovirus attach
intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) or the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor
117
Incubation period of RHinovirus
1-4 days
118
duration of virus shedding of Rhinovirus
3 weeks after illness
119
Illness legnth with Rhinovirus
2-3 days
120
Symptoms ofood Rhinovirus
``` Red nose (hyperemic), blood vessel dilation Nasal discharge that becomes mucopurulent (neutrophils) Epithelial damage likely due to the immune response ```
121
Prevention of Rhinovirus
No vaccine: too many serotypes | No antivirals: resistant mutants
122
What type of Virus is Ebola
Filovirus
123
Gnome ofebola
RNA
124
Virion of ebola
Enveloped
125
Nucleocapsid of Ebola
Helical nucleocapside, with polymorphic particles
126
Transmission of Ebola
Primarily body fluid | also maybe inhalation
127
symptoms of Ebola
Viral hemorrhagic fever | Fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding
128
Incubation period of ebola
2-21 days
129
Treatment of ebola
Supportive care Experimental treatments Vaccine - ChAd3-ZEBOV, VSV-EBOV, others...

micro exam 3 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions