Herpies Viruses Flashcards

(99 cards)

1
Q

What type of VIrus are Herpes Simple Virus Type 1 and Type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)

A

Alphaherpesciridae (like varicella Zoster virus)

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2
Q

Host range of Alphaherpesvirus

A

Variable host range

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3
Q

Length of reproduction cycle of Alphaherpesvirus

A

Short

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4
Q

speed of culture spread of Alphaherpesvirus

A

Rapid Spread

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5
Q

Descruction efficiency of infected cells by Alphaherpesvirus

A

Efficient destruction (cyototix-can lyse cells)

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6
Q

where can Alphaherpesvirus establish latency

A

In sensory ganglia

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7
Q

Herpies virus type I infects where

A

waste up

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8
Q

Herpies virus Type II infects where

A

waste down

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9
Q

how does HSV-1 infect

A

oral-oral, oral-genital

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10
Q

amount of adults that are seropositive for HSV-1

A

nearly 2/3

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11
Q

How does HSV-2 infect

A

Primarily genital-genital, also oral-genital possible

prevealent with sexual activity

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12
Q

amount of adults with HSV-2

A

1/5 of adults are infected

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13
Q

where does HSV-1 and HSV-2 infected

A

Epithelial cells in the skin or mucosa (mucosa more susceptible)

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14
Q

Incubation of HSV-1 and 2

A

2-14 days, but typically 4-5 days

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15
Q

Symptoms of HSV 1 and 2

A

Flu-like, includes localized lesions (virus spreads to neighboring cells primarily)

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16
Q

who shows symptoms of HSV-1 and 2

A

1/3

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17
Q

can asymptomatic people transmit HSV-1 and 2

A

yes

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18
Q

how long does the Symptoms of HSV 1 and 2 last

A

8-12 days

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19
Q

Latency of Alphaherpesvirus occures where

A

In stationary cells

peripheral ganglia common site of latent infections

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20
Q

what occures in latency of Alphaherpesvirus

A

Genome circularizes and stays as an episome in the nucleus

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21
Q

what triggers latent Alphaherpesvirus

A

Sunburn, systemic infection, immune impairment, stresss

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22
Q

What immune response is used to fight Alphaherpesvirus

A

Cell mediated immune response required

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23
Q

can people who cant produce antibodies handle herpesvirus infections

A

YEs

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24
Q

what detects Alphaherpesvirus

A

T lymphocytes detect antigens presented by MHC I or II proteins

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25
how does Alphaherpesvirus modulate the immune response to evade it
Viral proteins bind to Antibodies and complement proteins that counter effects of interferon
26
as people age are they more likely or less likely to be serum possitive for Alphaherpesvirus
more likely
27
Prevention of Alphaherpesvirus
Avoid contact (kissing, sex) during active herpes recurrence
28
Treating Alphaherpesvirus
Acyclovir can be used to limit virus replication, but will not eliminate latent infectinos
29
Host range of Betaherpesvirus
restricted
30
reproduction time of Betaherpesvirus
Long
31
profession in cell culture of Betaherpesvirus
Slow Progresion in cell culture
32
what does Betaherpesvirus do to infected cells
Cytomeglia (enlargement of infected cells)
33
what kind of culture does Betaherpesvirus lead to
Carrier cultures- cell line that keeps producing the virus without injury to cell
34
Where does Betaherpesvirus create a latent infection
In a variety of tissures
35
Cytomegalovirus is a member of what
Betaherpesvirus
36
Host range of Gammaherpesvirus
Restricted host range
37
What does Gammaherpesvirus target
T and B lymphocytes
38
what type of infection does Gammaherpesvirus create
Lytic infections
39
where does Gammaherpesvirus create latency
In lymphoid tissues
40
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)(mononucleosis) is part of what virus family
Gammaherpesvirus
41
what does Beta/Gammaherpesvirus cause
EBV associated Carcinomas: Burkett's Lymphoma Hodgkin's Lymphoma
42
the most common childhood cancer inequatorial africa
Burkett's Lymphoma
43
what does Burkett's Lymphoma lead to
Tumor in jaw, eye socket, ovaries
44
what is found in all causes of Burkett's Lymphoma
All cases, tumor cells have monoclonal EBV episome
45
Roll of EBV in Burkett's Lymphoma
Spur B cell growth, mutation, or genes transform cells (not well understood)
46
Type of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
NL - Nodular Sclerosing MC - Mixed Cellularity LD - Lymphocy
47
how often is EBV found in NL, MC, LD tumors
MC: 60-90% LD: 60-90% NL: 20-40%
48
Role of EBV in Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Unknown
49
How does Beta/Gammaherpesvirus evade the immune system
Intrinsic Innate Adaptive
50
Intrisic Immune Evasion
Block cell Death | Inhibit Apoptosis
51
Innate Immune Evasion
Decrease NK cell activity | Inhibit NK receptor Activation
52
Adaptive Immune Evasion
Decreased Antigen Presentation Degrade MHC Class I and II Block MHC class II and T-cell receptor interactions
53
what Viruses Evade Immune system via Intrisic methods
HSV CMV EBV
54
what Viruses Evade Immune system via Innate methods
HSV | CMV
55
what Viruses Evade Immune system via adaptive methods
HSV CMV EBV
56
Where does CMV persist in Vitro
In hematopoietic progenitor cells and macrophages
57
How does CMV presist
as a chronic infection, not latency
58
How is CMV Persistence controlled
By a healthy active immune system
59
Where does EBV persist
genome persists in memory B cells
60
What does EBV do to aid in its persistence
Virus PRoteins ensure B cell proliferation and EBV genome replication
61
Commonality of Beat/gammaherpesvirus
Common
62
Treating Beta?gammherpesvirus
Infections are usually self-limiting in immune competent individuals antiviral therapy Immunoprophylaxis No vaccine
63
When is Antiviral therapy recommended
For disseminated CMV and EBV in immune compromised individuals
64
Types of antiviral therapy for Beta/Gammaherpesvirus
Ganciclovir, Foscarnet, Acyclovir
65
how do Antivirals work to help with Beta/Gammaherpesvirus
Inhibit viral genome replication
66
can resistance be developed against Antivirals by Beta/Gammaherpesvirus
Yes
67
effectiveness of beta/gammaherpesvirus antivirals
Less effective treating EBV induced lymphoproliferation | Genome replication not essential for viral gene expression
68
what kind of treatments can be done with Antiviral therapy for Beta/Gammaherpesvirus
Prophylactic or preemptive treatment
69
who would get prophylactic or preeemptive treatment with Antiviral therapy for Beta/Gammaherpesvirus
TRansplant patients
70
what is done in Immunoprophylaxis for Beta/gammaherpesvirus
The passive transfer of anibody for prevention of CMV infection Transfer of EBV-specific T Lymphocytes
71
Virus family for Human Papillomavirus
Papillomaviridae
72
Genome for Human Papillomavirus
circular dsDNA
73
Virion of Human Papillomavirus
Non-enveloped
74
Proteins of Human Papillomavirus
L1 - cell attachment | L2 - membrane penetration
75
How does Human Papillomavirus gain access to body
Through abrasion of the skin
76
where does Human Papillomavirus first establish infection
In basal layer
77
what is required for genome replication of Human Papillomavirus
Cell Polymerase
78
where is Human Papillomavirus virus production done
in differentiating cells
79
How is Human Papillomavirus released
Non, lytic | VIrus released with cell shedding
80
Each type of Human Papillomavirus leads to a
different type of disease
81
How does Human Papillomavirus spread
Direct skin to skin contact | Fomites
82
strength of skin as a barrier
very strong (mucous membreanes more susceptible)
83
What allows Human Papillomavirus to transmit via fomites
It is hardy to environmental stresses
84
where are symptoms of Human Papillomavirus
Site of infection
85
time it takes for Human Papillomavirus symptoms to manifest
months
86
symptoms of Human Papillomavirus
Warts - raised or flat
87
how does Human Papillomavirus warts go away
50% regress on their own in 2 years
88
what serious disease can Human Papillomavirus cause
Respiratory papilllomatosis
89
What is Respiratory papillomatosis
rare complication of Human Papillomavirus due to respired virus that can be lethal
90
what is Oncogenesis
Cervical cancer caused by Human Papillomavirus
91
does Human Papillomavirus need to replicate and produce progeny
actively replicating cells
92
what does E7 from Human Papillomavirus do
blocks retinoblastoma (Rb) protein leading to continued cell proliferation
93
what does E6 from Human Papillomavirus do
blocks the p53 tumor suppressor pathway
94
how does Human Papillomavirus cause cancer
Unknown: viral transformation, cell proliferation leading to cancerous mutation
95
what type of cancer is Human Papillomavirus responsible for
Cervical Cancer
96
what types of HPV are most likely to cause cancer
HPV16 and HPV18
97
treatment of Human Papillomavirus
ablative: liquid nitrogen, surgical excision, laser, caustic chem (may have to be repeated)
98
condoms prevent Human Papillomavirus
lol, no, hit it raw
99
Vaccination for Human Papillomavirus
Yes, protects against HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18