Herpies Viruses Flashcards by Jacob Amato

What type of VIrus are Herpes Simple Virus Type 1 and Type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)

Alphaherpesciridae (like varicella Zoster virus)

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Host range of Alphaherpesvirus

Variable host range

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Length of reproduction cycle of Alphaherpesvirus

Short

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speed of culture spread of Alphaherpesvirus

Rapid Spread

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Descruction efficiency of infected cells by Alphaherpesvirus

Efficient destruction (cyototix-can lyse cells)

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where can Alphaherpesvirus establish latency

In sensory ganglia

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Herpies virus type I infects where

waste up

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Herpies virus Type II infects where

waste down

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how does HSV-1 infect

oral-oral, oral-genital

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amount of adults that are seropositive for HSV-1

nearly 2/3

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How does HSV-2 infect

Primarily genital-genital, also oral-genital possible

prevealent with sexual activity

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amount of adults with HSV-2

1/5 of adults are infected

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where does HSV-1 and HSV-2 infected

Epithelial cells in the skin or mucosa (mucosa more susceptible)

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Incubation of HSV-1 and 2

2-14 days, but typically 4-5 days

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Symptoms of HSV 1 and 2

Flu-like, includes localized lesions (virus spreads to neighboring cells primarily)

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who shows symptoms of HSV-1 and 2

1/3

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can asymptomatic people transmit HSV-1 and 2

yes

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how long does the Symptoms of HSV 1 and 2 last

8-12 days

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Latency of Alphaherpesvirus occures where

In stationary cells

peripheral ganglia common site of latent infections

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what occures in latency of Alphaherpesvirus

Genome circularizes and stays as an episome in the nucleus

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what triggers latent Alphaherpesvirus

Sunburn, systemic infection, immune impairment, stresss

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What immune response is used to fight Alphaherpesvirus

Cell mediated immune response required

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can people who cant produce antibodies handle herpesvirus infections

YEs

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what detects Alphaherpesvirus

T lymphocytes detect antigens presented by MHC I or II proteins

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how does Alphaherpesvirus modulate the immune response to evade it

Viral proteins bind to Antibodies and complement proteins that counter effects of interferon

as people age are they more likely or less likely to be serum possitive for Alphaherpesvirus

more likely

Prevention of Alphaherpesvirus

Avoid contact (kissing, sex) during active herpes recurrence

Treating Alphaherpesvirus

Acyclovir can be used to limit virus replication, but will not eliminate latent infectinos

Host range of Betaherpesvirus

restricted

reproduction time of Betaherpesvirus

Long

profession in cell culture of Betaherpesvirus

Slow Progresion in cell culture

what does Betaherpesvirus do to infected cells

Cytomeglia (enlargement of infected cells)

what kind of culture does Betaherpesvirus lead to

Carrier cultures- cell line that keeps producing the virus without injury to cell

Where does Betaherpesvirus create a latent infection

In a variety of tissures

Cytomegalovirus is a member of what

Betaherpesvirus

Host range of Gammaherpesvirus

Restricted host range

What does Gammaherpesvirus target

T and B lymphocytes

what type of infection does Gammaherpesvirus create

Lytic infections

where does Gammaherpesvirus create latency

In lymphoid tissues

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)(mononucleosis) is part of what virus family

Gammaherpesvirus

what does Beta/Gammaherpesvirus cause

EBV associated Carcinomas: Burkett's Lymphoma Hodgkin's Lymphoma

the most common childhood cancer inequatorial africa

Burkett's Lymphoma

what does Burkett's Lymphoma lead to

Tumor in jaw, eye socket, ovaries

what is found in all causes of Burkett's Lymphoma

All cases, tumor cells have monoclonal EBV episome

Roll of EBV in Burkett's Lymphoma

Spur B cell growth, mutation, or genes transform cells (not well understood)

Type of Hodgkin's Lymphoma

NL - Nodular Sclerosing MC - Mixed Cellularity LD - Lymphocy

how often is EBV found in NL, MC, LD tumors

MC: 60-90% LD: 60-90% NL: 20-40%

Role of EBV in Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Unknown

How does Beta/Gammaherpesvirus evade the immune system

Intrinsic Innate Adaptive

Intrisic Immune Evasion

Block cell Death | Inhibit Apoptosis

Innate Immune Evasion

Decrease NK cell activity | Inhibit NK receptor Activation

Adaptive Immune Evasion

Decreased Antigen Presentation Degrade MHC Class I and II Block MHC class II and T-cell receptor interactions

what Viruses Evade Immune system via Intrisic methods

HSV CMV EBV

what Viruses Evade Immune system via Innate methods

HSV | CMV

what Viruses Evade Immune system via adaptive methods

HSV CMV EBV

Where does CMV persist in Vitro

In hematopoietic progenitor cells and macrophages

How does CMV presist

as a chronic infection, not latency

How is CMV Persistence controlled

By a healthy active immune system

Where does EBV persist

genome persists in memory B cells

What does EBV do to aid in its persistence

Virus PRoteins ensure B cell proliferation and EBV genome replication

Commonality of Beat/gammaherpesvirus

Common

Treating Beta?gammherpesvirus

Infections are usually self-limiting in immune competent individuals antiviral therapy Immunoprophylaxis No vaccine

When is Antiviral therapy recommended

For disseminated CMV and EBV in immune compromised individuals

Types of antiviral therapy for Beta/Gammaherpesvirus

Ganciclovir, Foscarnet, Acyclovir

how do Antivirals work to help with Beta/Gammaherpesvirus

Inhibit viral genome replication

can resistance be developed against Antivirals by Beta/Gammaherpesvirus

Yes

effectiveness of beta/gammaherpesvirus antivirals

Less effective treating EBV induced lymphoproliferation | Genome replication not essential for viral gene expression

what kind of treatments can be done with Antiviral therapy for Beta/Gammaherpesvirus

Prophylactic or preemptive treatment

who would get prophylactic or preeemptive treatment with Antiviral therapy for Beta/Gammaherpesvirus

TRansplant patients

what is done in Immunoprophylaxis for Beta/gammaherpesvirus

The passive transfer of anibody for prevention of CMV infection Transfer of EBV-specific T Lymphocytes

Virus family for Human Papillomavirus

Papillomaviridae

Genome for Human Papillomavirus

circular dsDNA

Virion of Human Papillomavirus

Non-enveloped

Proteins of Human Papillomavirus

L1 - cell attachment | L2 - membrane penetration

How does Human Papillomavirus gain access to body

Through abrasion of the skin

where does Human Papillomavirus first establish infection

In basal layer

what is required for genome replication of Human Papillomavirus

Cell Polymerase

where is Human Papillomavirus virus production done

in differentiating cells

How is Human Papillomavirus released

Non, lytic | VIrus released with cell shedding

Each type of Human Papillomavirus leads to a

different type of disease

How does Human Papillomavirus spread

Direct skin to skin contact | Fomites

strength of skin as a barrier

very strong (mucous membreanes more susceptible)

What allows Human Papillomavirus to transmit via fomites

It is hardy to environmental stresses

where are symptoms of Human Papillomavirus

Site of infection

time it takes for Human Papillomavirus symptoms to manifest

months

symptoms of Human Papillomavirus

Warts - raised or flat

how does Human Papillomavirus warts go away

50% regress on their own in 2 years

what serious disease can Human Papillomavirus cause

Respiratory papilllomatosis

What is Respiratory papillomatosis

rare complication of Human Papillomavirus due to respired virus that can be lethal

what is Oncogenesis

Cervical cancer caused by Human Papillomavirus

does Human Papillomavirus need to replicate and produce progeny

actively replicating cells

what does E7 from Human Papillomavirus do

blocks retinoblastoma (Rb) protein leading to continued cell proliferation

what does E6 from Human Papillomavirus do

blocks the p53 tumor suppressor pathway

how does Human Papillomavirus cause cancer

Unknown: viral transformation, cell proliferation leading to cancerous mutation

what type of cancer is Human Papillomavirus responsible for

Cervical Cancer

what types of HPV are most likely to cause cancer

HPV16 and HPV18

treatment of Human Papillomavirus

ablative: liquid nitrogen, surgical excision, laser, caustic chem (may have to be repeated)

condoms prevent Human Papillomavirus

lol, no, hit it raw

Vaccination for Human Papillomavirus

Yes, protects against HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18

Herpies Viruses Flashcards

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