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micro exam 3 > Neurological Viruses > Flashcards

Neurological Viruses Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

West Nile virus is the same famile as what virus, so it has the sam biology

A

the same family as HCV (Flavivridae)

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2
Q

Selected togaviruses and flaviviruses are transmitted how

A

through a vector

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3
Q

what kind of host are humans for west Nile virus

A

dead end host (normally between birds and mosquitos)

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4
Q

Common vectors for arthropod transmission

A

Mosquitoes: Culiseta, Aedes, Culex

Ticks

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5
Q

Reservoirs for Arthropod transmission

A

birds

Small Mammals

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6
Q

what is neccessary in the vector for transmission

A

replication in the vector

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7
Q

where does a virus replicate in a mosquito

A

in the stomach

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8
Q

Geographic location of Arthropod transmission determined by

A

vector and reservoir habitat

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9
Q

what type of virus is EEE and VEE Virus

A

Togaviridae

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10
Q

Genome of EEE and VEE Virus

A

(+)ssRNA

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11
Q

Virion and EEE and VEE Virus

A

enveloped

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12
Q

Proteins of EEE and VEE Virus

A

E1 and E2: cell attachment and Entry
Capside Protein
Various non-structural proteins
proteases: chop up polypeptides into fucntional proteins used in the replication cycle and creating new virus particales themselves

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13
Q

how do EEE and VEE Virus get into the cell

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis

membrane fusion dumps nucleocapside into the cytoplasm

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14
Q

how does EEE and VEE Virus leave cell

A

budding

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15
Q

where does EEE and VEE Virus do replication

A

in the cytoplasm

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16
Q

How does one get the EEE and VEE Virus

A

Introduced through the bite of an infected arthropod

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17
Q

Travel of EEE and VEE Virus in the body

A

infect cells locally and/or carried by Langerhand cells to lymph nodes
Replicated and then released into the blood stream
Infect target organs such as CNS

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18
Q

how does EEE and VEE Virus cross the Blood-brain barrier

A

unknown

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19
Q

Incubation period of EEV virus

A

4-10 day

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20
Q

Systemic disease by EEv virus

A

Chills, fever, Malaise, arthralgia, myalgia

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21
Q

how long does systemic disease by EEV last

A

1-2 weks

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22
Q

Encephalitic disease by EEV Virus

A

Fever, Headache, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, Convulsions, and coma

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23
Q

how many people die of ENcephalitic disease by EEV

A

1/3 of encephalitic cases fie 2-10 days after onset

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24
Q

what happens to people that do not die of EEV

A

have long term sequelae (Seizures, personality disorders, paralysis)

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25
Initiatl response to EEV virus
Innate immunity by interferon | then antibodys and inflammation: T cells, B cells, Monocytes
26
prevention of EEE and VEE
Vaccine No treatment Mosuito control and repellant
27
Vaccine for EEE and VEEE
Live attenuated: TC:83 | Inactivated: C-84
28
who gets the EEE and VEE Vacine
provided to at risk military personnel and reasearch -lots of bad side effects after getting the vaccine also veterinary vaccines exist
29
effectiveness of EEE and VEE against inhalation challenge in primates
partially effective
30
where do we ind EEE in the US
along the east coast, or in swamps near the south. | can go as far test as wisconsin or texas
31
Incubation time of west nile
2-14 days
32
what do most infections of west nile look like
asymptomatic infections (80% of infected)
33
IF west nile virus causes illeness(20%), what are the symptoms
Fever, headache, and fatigue for 3-6 days
34
if west nile virus becomes neuroinvasive (<1%), what are the symptoms
Aseptic Meningitis, Encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state, tremors
35
if you survive west nile virus neuroinvasion, what happens
50% of survivors have sequelae 12 months later
36
Prevention of west nile
NO approved vaccine no treatment (only supportive care) mosquito control and repellant
37
the main transmitters of West Nile
Culex sp. Mosquitoes
38
where is WEst Nile virus active in the US
almost all over the US active in humans
39
why is the range for EEE and WNV different
West nile virus mosquitoes live everyhwere, while EEE mosquitoes only live in a small area
40
what type of virus is Rabies Virus
RHabdoviridae
41
Genome for Rabies VIrus Biology
(-)ssRNA | linear
42
Virion of Rabies virus
Enveloped
43
Proteins of Rabies Virus
``` N - Nucleoprotein P - phophoprotein M - matrix G - glycoprotein (attachment and entry) L - polymerase ```
44
what must a (-)ssRNA need to complete infection on its own
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
45
which proteins get made the most in RAbies Virus
the first genes, becasue theres a change RNA Polyerase might fall off and stop making later down proteins
46
Tropism of Rabies Virus
Broad
47
Where does RAbies Virus Replicate
In the Cytoplasm only
48
what dictates abundance of transcripts and proteins in Rabies virus
Genome order
49
what triggers genome replication of Rabies Virus
Binding of N to RNA
50
what deffective particles does Rabies virus produce
defective interfering particles- sloppy
51
how does Rabies VIrus get into the cell
Absorption into cellular membrane Fuses with endosome the uncoats and genome comes out
52
how does rabies Virus leave
Budding
53
How is Rabies Virus transmitted
By infected animal (15% of bites cuase diase) (60% if on face or head)
54
Reservoir for Rabies VIrus
Bats, skunks, racoons...
55
what is the common source of human rabies death
Common in dogs in developing countries
56
commonness of RAbies Virus in US
only a few cases
57
Incubation period of Rabies vIrus
1-3 months (can be longer) (depends on location of bite)
58
How does RAbies Virus Spread
Replicates locally until it finds neurons Moves passively in axoplasm of peripheral nerves to spinal gnaglia, spinal cord, and brain Spreads back to periphery, highly innervated salivary glands and replicates
59
Symptomes of RAbies virus
Prickling or itching where bitten, fever, headache Hydrophobia Cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, delirium, hallucinations, and insomnia
60
Hydrophobia
Difficulty swallowing, even saliva leads to "foaming at the mouth"
61
Outcome of Rabies VIrus
Disease nearly always fatal once symptoms appear
62
who has survied Rabies
10 documented surfivials, only 2 of those had no history or previous prophylaxis
63
Prevention of RAbies
Vaccine | Post-exposure prophylaxis
64
Control of Rabies
Vaccination of dogs and domestic animals is essential | wild life vaccine using baits with oral vaccine
65
when should post-exposure prophylaxis be given for rabies
``` Administered immediately for bites that break the skin 4 doses( immediate, 3, 7, 14 days) Also receive immunoglobulin (RIG) ```

micro exam 3 (15 decks)

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