HerpesVirus Flashcards
(243 cards)
1
Q
genome of herpes virus
A
double stranded DNA
2
Q
herpes virus envelop?
A
yes, 10-12 structural protein in it
(can be deleted (marker))
3
Q
3 family herpes viruse
A
- Ortoherpesviridae
- Alloherpesviridae
- Malacoherpesviridae
4
Q
Ortoherpesviridae sub family names
A
- Alphaherpesvirinae
- Betaherpesvirinae
- Gammaherpesvirinae
5
Q
Alloherpesviridae family infects which animals?
A
fish & frog
6
Q
Malacoherpesviridae family infects which animals?
A
oyster
7
Q
A
8
Q
how long in the environment does Herpes virus survive for
A
few days to few weeks in excretions
9
Q
which Herpes virus disease is eurixen
A
- aujesky’s
- malignant catarrhal fever
- turkey herpes
10
Q
Which Herpes virus is zoonotic
A
Monkey herpes B
11
Q
viral latency
A
virus dormant in host cell, no rep, host is seronegatif for virus
12
Q
persistent infection
A
virus is persisting in host cells, replication & production, anti-viral antibodies can be detected in host
13
Q
how long can herpes virus infect the host
A
can be prolonged infection, life long
14
Q
Herpes virus antigenicity
A
- weak antigens
- vaccine protection only for few months
- cross reactions within genera
(rarely cross protection)
15
Q
Herpes virus detection of infection
A
PCR, Isolation, antigen detection methods
16
Q
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) causative agent
A
BHV1
17
Q
BHV1 causes
A
IBR
IPV
IBP
abortion
18
Q
BHV5 is found where
A
nervous tissue
19
Q
What are the clinical signs of BoAHV in other ruminants like sheep, goat & wild ruminants
A
inapparent infection
20
Q
introduction of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in herd
A
intro of infected animal, or by semen
21
Q
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) pathogenesis
A
PO, venereal
viraemia
multp in resp epithelial cells
inflammation
22
Q
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) pathogenesis in calf
A
after viraemia OR ascending from nose along nerves: encephalitis
23
Q
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Pathogenesis in susceptible cattle
A
viraemia - resorption of foetus, abortion
24
Q
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Pathogenesis of the genital form
A
viraemia- vesicles on the mucosal membranes, inflammation, crusts, nodules
25
how long can the shedding last in Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Long-term/life long
26
Where can we find the virus in cows that have been infected by Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Latency in nervous tissue (reactivation)
| Herpes virus BoAHV5
27
Can symptoms be different for animals?
yes, depends on age, amount of inoculum, pathogenicity, route of infection, immune status
28
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) clinical symptoms of **respiratory form**
| Incubation period?
1-6months: fever, resp sympt, occasional diarrhoea
6months < : *red nose disease*, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis,decreased milk prod
| Incubation: 2-5 days
29
what age does clinical symptoms appear in colostrum protected calves in Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Pathogenesis
from 6-8 weeks of age
30
what age does clinical symptoms appear in colostrum non-protected calves in Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Pathogenesis
1-2 weeks (+liver damage)
31
At what age do cows suffer from **encephalitis** in Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Pathogenesis
under 5 months
| uncommon
32
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) clinical symptoms of **encephalitis**
- Conjunctivitis, nasal discharge
- lameness, tremor, **opisthotonus**
| death after 5-7 days
33
When can **abortion** be seen in case of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- acute phase of infection or few weeks later (with or after resp signs)
- **all** phases of pregnancy
34
35
# Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
What is IPV?
**Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis**
36
IPV clinical signs?
initially oedema of vulva and vagina (then pustules, that coalesce)
Mucosal membrane covered by yellowish white membrane
*Painful*: frequent urination & tail flapping
37
# T/F
Abortion can be a clinical sign of Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV)
False
38
How long does it take for Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) to heal
10-14 days
39
What is IBP?
Infectious pustular balanoposthitis (IBP)
40
Infectious pustular balanoposthitis (IBP) clinical symptom
Oedema of prepuce
painful: loss of libido
41
What can be observed during the histological examination of suspected Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Acidophilic nuclear inclusion bodies:
- tracheitis
- multifocal necrosis in foetal organs
- lymphohistiocytic encephalitis
42
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccines for control of epidemics :
live vaccines
43
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccines for breeding animals
inactivated vaccines
| (safer for the foetus)
44
calf immunisation from Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
at 4-6 months 2x in 2-3 wks, repeat every 6 months
45
Beef cattle vaccine immunisation from Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
2x in 2-3 wks, repeat every 6 months
46
How to raise a Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) free generation
* Immunisation of the whole herd
* Separation of the suckling calves after 3 days of age (after consuming colostrum), isolated raising
* Monitoring every 6 moths (ELISA ): free status if the herd negative in two consecutive tests
| (time consuming)
47
What is the selection method to eradicate Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) of a herd
- Seropositivity below 10 %: removal of positive animals
- Seropositivity above 10 %: selection by using marker vaccines
1. Immunisation of the whole herd wit marker vaccine
2. Repeating every 6 months: reduce the amount and frequency of virus shedding
3. Repeated discriminative ELISA: gE positive animals are removed
4. After 3-4 years the rate of infection below 10%: all positive animals removed
48
What is Bovine herpesmamillitis?
Oedema, pustules and erosions on the skin of the teats and the udder
49
Bovine herpesmamillitis causative agents
Bovid alfaherpesvirus 2 (BoAHV2, BHV2)
50
how is Bovine herpesmamillitis spread?
* Spread by milking in herd (hand/machine), arthropods (mechanical vectors): more common in late summer and early fall
* The virus can invade only through skin lesions; imunosuppression contributes to the disease
51
Bovine herpesmamillitis Pathogenesis?
Skin lesion contact infection: local multiplication → viremia → pustules (udder mainly) → inflammation, oedema → erosions → crusts
52
Bovine herpesmamillitis incubation time
3-7 days
53
clinical signs of Bovine herpesmamillitis in heifers
oedema, red discoloration, pustules, erosions, crusts
54
clinical signs of Bovine herpesmamillitis in suckling calves
pustules on mouth, oral cavity, face, ears
55
is Bovine herpesmamillitis economically important
decrease in milk production, blood in milk (confiscates), teats scab: difficulty in milking
56
Bovine herpesmamillitis differential diagnosis
* Disease with pustules: FMD, vesicular stomatitis
* Pox viruses (cowpox, pseudocowpox, papillomatosis, Lumpy skin disease): proliferative alterations (lump)
57
Description of Malignant catarrhal fever
Acute, usually lethal, febrile illness with general sings, kerato-conjunctivitis, encephalitis, haemorrhagic pneumonia, and enteritis mainly in cattle
58
Malignant catarrhal fever occurrence
worldwide
59
Malignant catarrhal fever causative agents
Ovid gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2, OHV2),
Alcelaphid gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlGHV1)
60
Difference between AlGHV1 and OvGHV2?
AlGHV1can be propagated in cell culture, OvGHV2 can not
61
AlGHV1 affects which animals?
Wild animals asymptomatic, only cattle is affected
62
OvGHV2 affects which animals?
sheep inapparent
affects: cattle, bison, deer, goat, swine, rarely buffalo
63
CpGHV2 affects which animals?
rarely affected: buffalo, deer, swine
64
What is the sheep associated MCF?
* Sheep (and other ruminants) are asymptomatic carriers
* Virus shedding of sheep is most intensive in 6-9 months of age, later low amount of virus shedding and only intermittent
* Cattle get infected after prolonged (few months) contact with sheep
* Cattle are not able to spread the virus
| Outside of africa
65
# MCF?
At which age are the animals more sensitive?
Elderly animals
| (young animals can survive)
66
how can MCF appear in a herd?
only sporadic cases in a herd
67
Malignant catarrhal fever Pathogenesis
* Not known in several aspects
* Contribution of other latent virus infection in cattle?
* Aerogene → cell-associated viraemia
* Immunopathological process is responsible for the lesions: CD8+ lymphocytes-associated severe vasculitis and tissue necrosis
68
Malignant catarrhal fever incubation period
2 weeks to several months
69
Malignant catarrhal fever peracute CS
fever
inappetence
salivation
bloody diarrhea
tremor
| (death within 1-2dys)
70
Acute Malignant catarrhal fever CS
* Bilateral keratoconjunctivitis (beginning at the periphery)
* Nasal discharge (containing necrotic tissue)
* Salivation, bad breath
* Loose of hoofs and horns
* Bloody urine
* Depression then excitement → convulsions → paralysis → death
| lesions often only on the head
## Footnote
50% can survive: healing, or chronic disease
71
chronic Malignant catarrhal fever CS
- fever
- erosions in nasal and oral mucosal membranes (nasal discharge containing necrotic tissue)
- bilateral uveitis
- skin: hyperkeratosis, papular dermatitis
| for weeks, CS can disappear then return : death
72
Malignant catarrhal fever dead animal pathology of peracute disease
* Respiratory tract, intestines: reddened mucosal membranes, acute haemorrhages * Liver, kidney enlarged
* Urinary bladder: oedema, reddened mucosal membranes, acute haemorrhages
* Enlarged lymph nodes, and lymphoid follicles
73
Malignant catarrhal fever dead animal pathology of acute disease
* Keratoconjunctivitis
* Respiratory tract, intestines: reddened mucosal membranes, acute haemorrhages, erosions covered by fibrin
* Enlarged lymph nodes, and lymphoid follicles
* Small blood vessels: lymphocytic inflammation, fibrinoid necrosis, tissue necrosis
* Lymphocytic encephalitis
74
Malignant catarrhal fever DD
IBR, BVD-MD, bluetongue virus, FMD, Rinderpest
75
Malignant catarrhal fever prevention
isolations from inapparent carriers (sheep)
| Vaccine does not existe
76
Aujeszky’s disease description
Swine disease with febrile, general signs, abortion, respiratory and central nervous system signs. In other susceptible species manifests as severe, acute and lethal encephalitis.
77
Who found the Aujeszky’s disease vaccine
Bartha 1961: attenuated vaccine strain (K/61)
78
Aujeszky’s disease causative agents
Suis alfaherpesvirus 1 (SuAHV1)
79
Suis alphaherpesvirus is antigenically similar to which other virus
BoAHV1
80
SuAHV1 natural hosts and consequences
Swine & Wild Boars (carriers, can infect hunting dogs!)
81
for how long does a swine shedd the SuAHV1 virus for?
large amount in every excretions for 2-3 weeks after infection
82
Can SuAHV1 cross the placenta?
yes
83
how long does a swine carry SuAHV1 for?
life long
84
how can Aujeszky’s disease virus be reactivated?
Stress, pregnancy-lactation
85
can Aujeszky’s disease be detected in other animals than swine?
yes, dog, cat, cattle,etc
(limited viraemia and virus shedding : dead end for virus)
86
after how many days is the SuAH virus 1 inactivated in frozen meat?
40
87
Can SuAHV1 infect people
no, but there has been sporadic cases
88
Aujeszky’s disease pathogenesis in swine
* Primer multiplication in the infection site: nasal and pharyngeal cavity, tonsils
* Viraemia, spreading to the brain along the nerves as well
* Secondary viral multiplication in large amount in organs * Adults: fever, respiratory symptoms
* Suckling: encephalitis, mass-mortality
89
can piglets be protected from Aujeszky’s disease?
yes, from convalescent or vaccinated sows by colostrum until 8-14 wks
| (they can contract inapparent infection during that time)
90
Aujeszky’s disease pathogenesis in other species than swine
Direct access to the brain from the oral mucosa along the nerves (limited viraemia, and virus shedding): Encephalomyelitis, death
| * Except lambs: they can excrete the virus in large amount
91
Aujeszky’s disease clinical symptoms in swine in new born?
sudden death
92
Aujeszky’s disease incubation period in swine
1-8 days
93
Aujeszky’s disease clinical symptoms in swine in suckling?
Fever, vesicles, tremor, swallowing disorders, ataxia, convuslion
| 100% mortality
94
Aujeszky’s disease clinical symptoms in swine in 3-6 weeks old pigs?
Neuro pb (4-5dys)
50% mortality
95
Aujeszky’s disease clinical symptoms in swine in growing pigs
inappetence, fever, nasal discharge, sneezing, trembling nasal & facial muscles
healing after 5-7 days residual sympt: head shaling & tremor on head
| 5% mortality
96
how long does it take a growing pig to heal from Aujeszky's disease
5-7 days
97
Aujeszky’s disease clinical symptoms in swine in adults
often none, mild resp
pregnant sows:
* Repeated breading, abortion, mummification, stillbirth, weak new-borns
* Necrotic placentitis, endometritis
98
Aujeszky’s disease clinincal symptoms in cattle, sheep & goat?
fever, inappetence, reduced milk prod
convulsion, sitting, laying, pharyngeal paralysis, meteorism
| death withon 1-2 days
99
Aujeszky’s disease incubation time in cattle, sheep & goat
2-3 days
100
Aujeszky’s disease clinincal signs in carnivores
dep then excitement, itching, salivation, convulsions, paralysis & death
101
Aujeszky’s disease diagnosis from live swine
PCR, isolation from secretions
serology:
*gE blocking ELISA in pigs vaccinated with gE deleted vaccine: positive in case of wild virus infection
*gB competitive ELISA detects both vaccine and wild virus strains: for controlling free status
102
Patho of Aujeszky’s disease in suckling
multiple necrotic foci in tonsils, liver, spleen
103
Aujeszky’s disease patho in adult
lung oedema
104
Aujeszky’s disease patho in aborted foetus
multiple necrotic foci in organs, splenomegaly
105
histopath findings in Aujeszky’s disease
* Multifocal acute necrosis associated with acidophilic intranuclear inclusion
bodies
* Lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis
* Interstit. pneumonia
106
DD of Aujeszky’s disease in other species than swine
disease presenting neuro symptoms: rabies, CSF, Teschen disease
107
Aujeszky’s disease prevention
not feed raw pork
vaccination (attenuated/inactivated)
108
Aujeszky’s disease vaccine protections
after 7-10 days until 3-4 months
109
Aujeszky’s disease vaccine first vaccination
10-12th wk, repeat vaccine in 2 wks
110
Aujeszky’s disease vaccination of gilts
at 6 mth, at fertilization & at 70th-90th day of prego
## Footnote
a
111
Aujeszky’s disease vaccination of older sows
at fertilization
112
how to eradicate Aujeszky’s disease
virus can maintain in vaccinated pig herds...
need to raise virus free generation, selection with help of marker vaccines
113
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis causative agent
Suis betaherpes virus 2 (SuBHV2)
114
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis infections in world & in herds
worldwide & 100% of infected animals within a herd
115
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis affects which animals
swine
116
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis spread types
horizantal & vertical
117
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis horizantal spread pathogenesis
Contact, aerogene (saliva, nasal discharge) → multiplication in nose, lacrimal gland → cell-associated viraemia → seconder multiplication mainly in lymphocytes, lung macrophages
118
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis vertical spread pathogenesis
Pregnant sows: foetuses get infected → abortion, stillbirth, weak new-borns
119
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis incubation time
10-20 days
120
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis CS
*until 3 wks: infection in utero or during delivery*
sudden death, fever, rarely bloody discharge
| 10-50% mortality
121
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis diagnosis in live animals
nasal swab, unclotted blood: PCR
121
122
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis DD
SMEDI, PRRS, Aujeszky’s disease, PCV-2, classical swine fever
123
How many equine herpesvirus is there in domesticated horses?
1 to 5
124
How many equine herpes virus is there in wild horses
6 to 9
125
diseases caused be equine herpesvirus
* Equine epizootic abortion and rhinopneumonitis: EqAHV1, 4 (EHV1,
4)
* Encephalomyelopathia: EqAHV1 (EHV1)
* Coital exanthema: EqAHV3 (EHV3)
* EqGHV2 (EHV2), EqGHV5 (EHV5): subclinical infection in 60-100% of horses
126
EqAHV1 has 2 types of genotype
neurotropic & non-neurotropic
127
EHV1 neurotropic genotype
causes encephalomyelopathy
rarely abortion and resp signs
128
EqAHV1 non-neurotropic genotype
causes abortion and resp signs
rarely can cause encephalomyelopathy
129
Equine rhinopneumonitis and Epizootic abortion occurence
world wide
One of most important equine viral pathogen
130
Equine rhinopneumonitis causative agent
Equid alfaherpesvirus 1 (EqAHV1, EHV1)
Equid alfaherpesvirus 4 (EqAHV4, EHV4)
131
Epizootic abortion causative agent
Equid alfaherpesvirus 1 (EqAHV1, EHV1)
Equid alfaherpesvirus 4 (EqAHV4, EHV4)
132
Equid alfaherpesvirus 4 (EqAHV4, EHV4)
* Preferred cells: respiratory epithelial cells, endothelial cells,
(rarely: neurocytes, lymphoid cells) * Respiratory disease, rarely abortion
133
* Equid alfaherpesvirus 1 (EqAHV1, EHV1)
* Preferred cells: respiratory epithelial cells, endothelial cells,
neurocytes, lymphoid cells
* Respiratory disease, abortion, nervous symptoms
134
Equine rhinopneumonitis and Epizootic abortion
Pathogens lytic cycle
Lytic cycle: multiplication induces cell damage, necrosis
135
# T/F
EqAHV1, 4 have different strains all showing the same pathogenicity
false, strains with **different** pathogenicity
136
EqAHV1, 4 route of infection
PO, Aerogene
137
EqAHV1, 4 viral secretion can last up to
21 days, *56 days in mares*
138
can EqAHV1, 4 be reactivated
yes, mainly without clinical symptoms, by stress
139
what is EqAHV1, 4 local reactivation
within the blood vessels of uterus, placenta or CNS -> thromboischemia -> tissue damage -> abortion
140
how long does the protection lasts following infection from EqAHV1, 4
3-6 months
| no CS, no viral excretion, but can be infected
141
will mares that were infected by EqAHV1, 4 and aborted, abort again in the following years
no
142
How long does colostral immunity protect from EqAHV1, 4
3-6mnths
143
EqAHV1 (EHV1) pathogenesis in the respiratory system
* Primary multiplication in respiratory epithelial cells: viral secretion in aerosol
* Cell necrosis, mucosal erosions
* Parallel latent cycle
* T cell associated viraemia → systemic infection of endothelial cells
144
EqAHV1 (EHV1) pathogenesis in the uterus
infection following viremia
* Placenta: virus multiplication in vascular branches of blood vessels located in the base of microcotyledons in the second part of pregnancy → vasculitis, thrombosis, necrosis
* If large number of microcotyledons is affected: abortion before reaching the virus of the foetus
* In other cases, the virus reach the foetus and induced tissue damage: abortion at the end of pregnancy
145
EqAHV1 (EHV1) pathogenesis in the nervous system
virus multiplication in blood vessels (endothelial cells) following viremia → vasculitis, thrombosis → tissue degeneration and necrosis: encephalomyelopathy (mainly without inflammation)
| * Clinical symptoms according to the location of the damage
146
EqAHV4 (EHV4) pathogenesis
* Primary multiplication in respiratory epithelial cells * Lytic cycle → cell necrosis, mucosal erosions
* Parallel latent cycle
* Viraemia rarely, mainly reached the respiratory lymph
nodes only
* Rarely induced abortion
* Pathogenesis is not known: it is supposed the occurrence of virulent strains able to multiplicate in endothelial cells → vasculitis, thrombosis, abortion
147
Equine rhinopneumonitis CS
Serous/mucous nasal discharge, (coughing), conjunctivitis, enlarged submandibular lymph nods
* Foals with damaged immune system: seconder bacterial infection and severe pneumonia*
| Mainly EqAHV4 (EHV4) detected
148
Equine rhinopneumonitis incubation time
1-10dys
149
Epizootic abortion CS
early as 2wks, mostly last third of prego & unexpectedly
| mainly EqAHV1 (EHV1), rarely EqAHV4 (EHV4) is detected
150
Epizootic abortion CS in stallions
Scrotal enlargement, decreased libido, bed quality of sperm for few days
151
Equine rhinopneumonitis and Epizootic abortion CS of nervous form
- above 20yo usually
- CS at end of viraemia
- hindlimbs affected
- rarely cerebral symptoms
152
Equine rhinopneumonitis and Epizootic abortion Diagnosis pathology of abortion
* Placenta not ruptured
* Yellow discoloration and oedema in the foetal connective tissues, petechial haemorrhages on the mucosal membranes and serosa
153
gold standard to diagnose Epizootic abortion
Isolation
(IHC is more sensitive than iso)
detection of pathogen in foetal lung
154
DD of Equine rhinopneumonitis and Epizootic abortion Resp form
* Equine influenza
* Rhino-, Adeno-, Reovirus
155
DD of Equine rhinopneumonitis and Epizootic abortion Abortion
* Equine arteritis virus
* Bakteria, fungi, parasites
156
DD of Equine rhinopneumonitis and Epizootic abortion Nervous form
* Rabies, West-Nile fever, Borna disease
157
Vaccination against Equine rhinopneumonitis and Epizootic abortion
* Attenuated and inactivated vaccines
* Decrease the severity of clinical symptoms and the amount
of secreted virus
* Weak protection: mainly against respiratory disease, do not protect against abortion and nervous form
158
Why is it hard to make a vaccine against EqAHV1, 4 (EV1, 4)
based equally on mucosal, humoral, and cell associated immunity: production of effective vaccines is difficult
159
# Equine rhinopneumonitis and Epizootic abortion
How long should we seperate Aborted and incoming mares for?
56 dys
160
# Equine rhinopneumonitis and Epizootic abortion
how long should we seperate new incoming horses for?
28 dys
161
Coital exanthema of horses
causative agent
Equid alfaherpesvirus 3 (EqAHV3)
162
Coital exanthema of horses spreading
breading, insemination, iatrogenic, contact
163
Coital exanthema of horses how long does the infection and protection lasts
persistant infection
short lived protection (repeatedly occuring disease)
164
Coital exanthema of horses incubation time
6-8 dys
165
Coital exanthema of horses where does the viral multiplication take place
genital mucosa and skin (vesicles, ruptered, erosions)
166
Coital exanthema of horses CS
genital mucosa and skin: vesicles (1-1,5 cm diameter), ruptured, erosions
* Painful
* Healing within 2-3 weeks, loss of
pigmentation can remain
* Prolonged healing in case of secondary bacterial infection
* Udder can be affected: lesions on the mouth of foal
* Lesions on the mouth of stallions
167
Canine herpes virus (CHV) occurance
WOrldwide, 30-100% of dog pop is infected
168
where can be found a latent infection of Canine herpes virus (CHV)
ganglions, optic nerve, bulbus olphactorius, corneal epithelia
169
Optimal temperature for Canine herpes virus (CHV)
low temp, 33-35°C
170
Canine herpes virus (CHV) pathogenesis
* Route of infection: intrauterine, P.O., aerogene
* Cell associated viraemia
* Pregnant bitch: acute infection or reactivation * Embryo death, abortion, infected newborn
* Puppies: infected from bitch, or from littermate * Disease in puppies of seronegative bitches
* Until 3 weeks of age:
* Local lesions, and subclinical infection
* Systemic disease: mostly fatal
* From 3 weeks of age: mature thermoregulation, only
subclinical infection
171
Canine herpes virus (CHV) adult infection
subclinical (resp, ocular, repro)
172
Canine herpes virus (CHV) incubation time
2-4 days
173
Canine herpes virus (CHV) CS of puppies
no suckling, vesicles, nasal discharge
(survivors have mouvement disorder, visual impairment)
| < 3wks old
174
Canine herpes virus (CHV) CS adults
| > 3wks old
resp signs (agent of **kennel cough**)
vesicles on genital mucosa
keratoconjunctivitis
abortion
175
Canine herpes virus (CHV) therapy
no time
antiviral treatment of littermates (acyclovir) decrease the severity of CS
176
Canine herpes virus (CHV) vaccine
Inactivated vaccine (2x during prego), weak protection
only in breeding kennels with reccurent disease
177
Canine herpes virus (CHV) prevention
new-borns in a 39°C environment for 2 wks
178
Felid alfaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV1, FHV1) occurance
Worldwide, 2-40% of infected cats
179
Felid alfaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV1, FHV1) is very similar genetically to which other disease
CHV
180
Felid alfaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV1, FHV1) predisposing factor
winter
younger than 6 months old
181
how long does colostrum protect from Felid alfaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV1, FHV1)
7-10 wks of age
182
Felid alfaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV1, FHV1) route of infection
PO, contact, fomites
183
Felid alfaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV1, FHV1) pathogenesis
Viral multiplication in conjunctiva, nasal cavity, and trachea: epithelial cell necrosis
* Viraemia rarely: generalised disease in weak kitten, pregnant cat → infection of the foetus → abortus
* Latent infection in tonsilla, trigeminal ganglion
* Reactivation: stress, lactation, immunosuppression
184
Felid alfaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV1, FHV1) CS
lacrimation, nasal discharge, conjunctival erosion (painful, eyelids stuck together)
* New-borns panophtalmitis → blindness
* Chronic rhinitis can cause permanent deformation of nasal cavity → laboured breathing
185
Felid alfaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV1, FHV1) incubation period
2-6 dys
186
DD of Felid alfaherpesvirus 1
Calicivirus, Chlamydia felis, Bordetella
bronchiseptica
187
which Felid alfaherpesvirus 1 vaccine is given S.C.?
inactivated
188
Which Felid alfaherpesvirus 1 can be given I.M, S.C.?
attenuated
189
What are the diseases caused by herpes virus in poultry
- marek's disease
- Infectious laryngotracheitis of poultry
- duck viral enteritis
- pigeon herpes
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in poultry Marek’s disease can be seen 2 different symptoms
proliferation of lympjoid tissue (mainly)
enlargement peripheral nerves (rarely)
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Marek’s disease occurence
worldwide
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Marek’s disease causative agents
Gallid herpesvirus-2 (GaAHV2), (previously serotype 1)
Gallid herpesvirus-3 (GaAHV3), (previously serotype 2)
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Which closely related virus is important in the vaccine development for marek's disease
Turkey Herpesvirus (Meleagrid herpesvirus-1, HVT, MeAHV1)
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Marek’s disease virus resistancy
high in feather follicular cells (mixed with dust more than 1 year!)
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Marek’s disease virus envelopped?
yes!
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What is effective against enceloped virus?
formaldehyde & chlorine
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How virulent can Gallid herpesvirus-2 (GaAHV2), (previously serotype 1) be?
Very virulent plus
Very virulent = Tumors
Virulent = Tumors and transient paralysis
Moderately virulent= Neurological form
Avirulent= No clinical signs
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Marek’s disease most susceptible birds
1-2 wks old
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infected after 8 wks of Marek’s disease what happens?
no CS, but virus shedding
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Marek’s disease infection route
airborn, rarely PO
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Marek’s disease Horizantal and/or vertical?
no germinative infection, but can be infected in the hatchery
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Marek’s disease classical (neuro) form age, frequency and duration?
- growers and young hens
- sporadic
- long lasting, recovery after 1 year of age
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Marek’s disease transient paralysis age, frequency and duration
- 4-7 wk old non vaccinated broiler
- sporadic
- transient recovery -> visceral form
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Marek’s disease acute Lymphoproliferative form age, frequency and duration
- Non vaccinated: from 6 wks (Vacinnated: growers)
- frequent (non vacc) & sporadic in vacc
- long lasting in the flock, may lead to CNS symptoms
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Marek’s disease pathogenesis
Airborne
Macrophages (**cell associated viraemia**)
Lymphoid tissue
Cytolysis, early immune supp.
lymphoid proliferation
massive cytolysis, long lasting immune supp.
**Free virion only in feather follicles**
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pathogenesis of how Marek’s disease virus spreads in animal
from cell to cell directly, no free virions, hiding from the Ab
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Marek’s disease incubation time
wide range:
acute: 4-6wks
Chronic 0.5-1 year
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Marek’s disease CS
grey iris/ misshapen pupil
neck paralysis
collapsed crop
leg paralysis
weight loss
wing paralysis
lumps on skin
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Marek’s disease neuro form patho findings
Plexus brachialis/ plexus ischiadicus and other peripheral nerves are enlarged
grey eye
| less frequent, longer lasting
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Marek’s disease acute visceral form patho findings
spleen, liver, kidneys, ovaries, testies: infiltrated with tumors (walnut sized)
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Marek’s disease diagnosis according to age
- acute visceral form from 6 wks (frequent)
- neuro form from 6 mnths (rare)
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what is MATSA
Marek’s disease associated tumor surface antigen
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Very important DD with Marek’s disease
Reticuloendotheliosis ! virology/serology is needed
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Marek’s disease vaccination
at hatching
in hatchery 18 dy old embryo, in ovo
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Marek’s disease vaccine type and name
- attenuated serotype 1 (Rispens)
- (serotype 2)
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Infectious laryngotracheitis of Poultry - ILT description
upper resp illness & conjunctivitis in chickens
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Infectious laryngotracheitis of Poultry - ILT susceptible animals
pheasant, turkey, peacock
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Infectious laryngotracheitis of Poultry - ILT causative agents
Gallid herpesvirus 1
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how can Infectious laryngotracheitis of Poultry - ILTpropagate in cell culture
on chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) in chicken cell culture
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Infectious laryngotracheitis of Poultry - ILT pathogenesis
Airborne
local multiplication **(no viraemia)**
**No germinative INFECTION**
long term carriers and shedders (resp secretion)
EXTREMELY contagious
| virus rep in upper third of resp tract
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Infectious laryngotracheitis of Poultry - ILT incubation time
6-12dys
| (lol my BDay)
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Infectious laryngotracheitis of Poultry - ILT CS
dyspnea, fibrin precipitation in trachea
Conjunctivitis, almond shaped eyes
mouth & beak stained with blood from tracheal exsudates
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Infectious laryngotracheitis of Poultry - ILT vaccine
eye drop with attenuated vaccine
| vaccine are shed by the birds
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Infectious laryngotracheitis of Poultry Differential diag
newcastle disease
fowlpox
infectious coryza
swollen head syndrome
mycoplasmosis
infectious bronchitis
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Duck viral enteritis (duck plague) description
Acute haemorrhagic disease of duck and other waterfowl
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Duck viral enteritis (duck plague) causative agents
Anatid-herpesvirus-1
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Duck viral enteritis (duck plague) susceptible animals, infection route, shedding, infection time
- wild ducks
- PO
- shedding through nasal discharge & faeces (contaminated water)
- lifelong carriers
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Duck viral enteritis (duck plague) pathogenesis
PO
primary rep: mucosal epithelium of GI tract
viraemia
endothel damage of blood vessels
necrosis & haemorrages
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Duck viral enteritis (duck plague) CS
sudden and persistant flock mortality
nasal discharge
watery/bloody diarrhea
conjunctivitis, eyelid oedema
ducklings: blue beaks, change of voice
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Duck viral enteritis (duck plague) patho findings
Haemorrhages, Oedema (neck), diphteric pseudomembranes, enlarged liver
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Duck viral enteritis (duck plague) differential diagnosis
Newcastle disease
avian influenza
duck viral hepatitis
pasteurellosis
necrotic & hemorrhagic enteritis
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Duck viral enteritis (duck plague) vaccination
inactivated, oil adjuvated vaccine (lower efficacy)
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Pigeon herpes description
in young pigeon liver, pancreas and intestinal disease and conjunctivits
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Pigeon herpes causative agent
Columbid herpes virus 1
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Pigeon herpes pathogenesis
PO (from mother), airborne (CS)
periodic shedding (stress)
no virus entry in the eggs
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CS of adult pigeon with Pigeon herpes
non-symptomatic carriers
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acute Pigeon herpes CS
serous conjunctivits
diphteric, yellow plaques on beak, oropharynx, oesophagus & trachea
| (2-6 mths old)
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pahto findings in Pigeon herpes
liver: enlarged, haemorrages, greyish foci
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Pigeon herpes diagnostic
PCR
| (pharyngeal swab, liver)
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Pigeon herpes DD
Newcastle disease
Pigeon Pox
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Pigeon herpes vaccine
attenuated, live vaccine
inactivated vaccines
