TogaVirus

Question 1

togavirus important viruses

Answer 1

• Chikungunya virus
• Eastern equine encephalitis virus
• Getah virus
• O’nyong-nyong virus
• Semliki Forest virus
• Sindbis virus
• Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
• Western equine encephalitis virus

Question 2

Eastern-, Western, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis
description

Answer 2

Acute neurological diseases of horses present only in the Americas, transmitted by mosquitoes (thus seasonal) and affect several other species including human

ZOONOTIC

Question 3

Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis occurrence

Answer 3

USA southern states – Central and South America

Question 4

Western Equine Encephalomyelitis occurrence

Answer 4

Canada – USA west coast – Mexico – South America

Question 5

Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis occurrence

Answer 5

Canada - USA east coast – Central America

Question 6

in which other animals can Equine Encephalomyelitis be detected

Answer 6

rodents and birds but without disease

Question 7

Toga virus resistancy

Answer 7

envelopped, weak resistance to environment

Question 8

what temparature is convinient for toga virus

Answer 8

37°
in mosquitoes can only be reached in summer time

Question 9

In togavirus transmission, what role does the mosquitoe play?

Answer 9

biological vector
Virrus rep in the mosquito after blood meal
Transovarial transmission from one generation to another, they hatch inefcted

Question 10

togavirus euryxen or stenoxen?

Answer 10

euryxen

Question 11

what kind of hosts are humans for toga virus

Answer 11

dead end host

virus titre in the blood during viraemia is too low for transmission

Question 12

Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis cycle type

Answer 12

bird and mosquito

Question 13

Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis season

Answer 13

warm, rainy summer and fall; wetlands

Question 14

Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis distance of transmission

Answer 14

long distance, via bird migration

Question 15

Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitishorse and humans are which kind of hosts

Answer 15

dead end

Question 16

Western Equine Encephalomyelitishorse and humans are which kind of hosts

Answer 16

both dead end

Question 17

Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitishorse and humans are which kind of hosts

Answer 17

horse is not a dead end

can induce high virus titre anaemia in the
horse than the mosquito can transmitt it from horse to other animals/humans

Question 18

Western Equine Encephalomyelitis cycle types

Answer 18

bird- mosquito- rodent cycle

Question 19

Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis cycle

Answer 19

rodent/horse-mosquitoes-rodents/horse

Question 20

Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis season

Answer 20

summer/rainy

Question 21

Equine Encephalomyelitis pathogenesis

Answer 21

bite
injection of virus into blood
reaches regional lymph node (prim. rep)
Viraemia (1st)
visceral organs
back to blood (viraemia)

Question 22

Can Equine Encephalomyelitis appear as an unapparent infection

Answer 22

yes, no fever, low titre viraemia (too low to cause damages in body)

Question 23

which Equine Encephalomyelitis has the highest mortality rate?

Answer 23

Eastern < Western < Venezuelan

Question 24

how long is immunity after Equine Encephalomyelitis infection

Answer 24

life-long

but can be long lasting brain damage signs

Question 25

Equine Encephalomyelitis incubation time

Answer 25

1-3wks

Question 26

Equine Encephalomyelitis peracute form

Answer 26

fever (>41°), shock death

Question 27

Acute/Subacute form of Equine Encephalomyelitis

Answer 27

Biphasic fever (2 viraemia) signs of encephalitis, myelitis

Question 28

venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis acute specific symptoms

Answer 28

+ colic & diarrhea

Question 29

terminal stage of Equine Encephalomyelitis symptom

Answer 29

horse lies down and turns in circles ## Footnote "digging own grave"

Question 30

can there be a chronic form of Equine Encephalomyelitis

Answer 30

rare, 1-2wks, death can occur too | (recovery but with permanent damages)

Question 31

Pathoglogy of Equine Encephalomyelitis

Answer 31

macroscopically unspecific

Question 32

histopath of Equine Encephalomyelitis

Answer 32

encephalitis, myelitis (grey & white matter affected) | (lots of immune cells)

Question 33

Diagnosis of Equine Encephalomyelitis

Answer 33

**NOTIFIABLE DISEASE** season, geographic blood, brain samples

Question 34

DD of Equine Encephalomyelitis

Answer 34

with CNS signs: Rabies, Rhinopneumonitis, West Nile fever, St Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Getah virus

Question 35

prevention of all three Equine Encephalomyelitis

Answer 35

**OIE listed and NOTIFIABLE in EU**

Question 36

Equine Encephalomyelitis immunisation

Answer 36

Inactivated, trivalent vaccine- meaning it contains all 3 viruses - 2× basic immunisation + yearly repetitions - Venezuelan: strain TC 83 – attenuated (virus is alive but weakened, thus does not cause clinical signs)

Question 37

is Equine Encephalomyelitis zoonotic?

Answer 37

YES

Question 38

public health consideration of Equine Encephalomyelitis in humans

Answer 38

Infection of pregnant mother in the 2nd-3rd trimester can lead to abortion, newborn cerebral necrosis children more sensitive human vaccine present

Question 39

Where is the Chikungunya virus found?

Answer 39

Africa, india, indonesia

Question 40

what is the vector of the Chikungunya virus

Answer 40

asian tiger mosquito

Question 41

human CS of Chikungunya virus

Answer 41

joint pain, fever, rash, haemorrhages

Question 42

O’nyong-nyong, Igbo Ora is where? and causes what?

Answer 42

Africa fever & rash in humans (joint pain)

Question 43

Ross River fever is where ? and causes What?

Answer 43

- Australia, New-Guinea, Fiji-islands - Human: fever, arthritis, rash

Question 44

Getah virus is where ? and causes What?

Answer 44

- Horse encephalitis (in Japan) - Not zoonotic

Question 45

Sindbis virus where?

Answer 45

Africa, europe

Question 46

Semliki forest virus where ?

Answer 46

Africa