HIST - De Stijl, Modernism

Question 1

school of art founded in the Netherlands; marked especially by the use of black and white with primary colors, rectangular forms, and asymmetry; founded by Gerrit Rietveld, Theo Van Doesburg, and Piet Mondrian

Answer 1

De Stijl

Question 2

recognized as the purest and most methodological of the early abstractionists; limited his color palette to black, white, and the three primary colors; use of asymmetrical balance and a simplified pictorial vocabulary were crucial in the development of modern art

Answer 2

Piet Mondrian

Question 3

the facades are a collage of planes and lines whose components are purposely detached from one another

Answer 3

Schroder House by Gerrit Rietveld

Question 4

a deliberate philosophical and practical estrangement from the past in the arts and literature; rejection of historical styles; form follows function

Answer 4

Modernism

Question 5

school of design established in Germany by Walter Gropius; concepts were characterized chiefly by the synthesis of technology, craft, and design aesthetics, with an emphasis on functional design in architecture and the applied arts

Answer 5

Bauhaus Design

Question 6

a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School; widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture

Answer 6

Walter Gropius

Question 7

a German-American architect who was a principal exponent of the International Style; known as the pioneer of skyscrapers; created an influential architectural style stated with extreme clarity and simplicity

Answer 7

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Question 8

the director of the cabinet-making workshop at Bauhaus; his reputation was based upon his invention of tubular steel furniture

Answer 8

Marcel Breuer

Question 9

pioneered modern, large-scale industrial development

Answer 9

AEG Turbine Factory by Peter Behrens

Question 10

has a glass curtain wall suspended in front of the load-bearing framework defines the exterior of the workshop win and openly shows the constructive elements

Answer 10

The Bauhaus Buildings by Walter Gropius

Question 11

the first project of Walter Gropius; emphasized the social aspect of architectural design, suggesting that improving working conditions through increased daylight, fresh air, and hygiene would lead to greater satisfaction of workers, and would increase overall production

Answer 11

Fagus Shoe Factory by Walter Gropius, and Adolf Meyer

Question 12

an asymmetrical, single-storey bulding divided by partition walls using marble, onyx, and chrome

Answer 12

The German Pavillion by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Question 13

the minimalist in concept, devoid of regional characteristics, stresses functionalism, and rejects all non-essential decorative elements; emphasizes the horizontal aspects of a building

Answer 13

International Style

Question 14

established “form follows function;” aka the “Father of Modernism;” he replaced the standard classical ornamentation of the day with highly original, organic architectural details inspired by nature

Answer 14

Louis Sullivan

Question 15

one of the most prolific and influential architects; defined North American style architecture which was rich in emotion and sensitive to its surroundings; believed that architecture was an extension of the environment; an apprentice to Louis Sullivan

Answer 15

Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 16

a special house built on waterfalls; has a strong emphasis on harmony between man and nature; aka “Kauffman Residence”

Answer 16

Falling Water by Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 17

created as a series of organic shapes; circular forms spiral down like the interior of a nautilus shell; visitors would start on the upper level and follow a sloping ramp downward through connected exhibition spaces

Answer 17

Guggenheim Museum by Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 18

constructed with more than 200 sizes and shapes of bricks; the light shines into the building through several layers of glass tubes that cannot be seen through

Answer 18

Johnson Wax Administration Building by Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 19

made up from easy to assemble, pre-fabricated wood sandwich panels designed to be erected in a simple construction

Answer 19

Usonian Houses by Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 20

known universally as “corbu,” meaning “raven;” he wrote Vers Une Architecture which he made an intriguing link between Greek temples, Gothic cathedrals, aircraft, cars, and ocean liners with the new architecture; described the house as a “machine for living in”

Answer 20

Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, aka “Le Corbusier”

Question 21

a column of iron, steel, or reinforced concrete supporting a building above an open ground level

Answer 21

Pilotis (invented by Le Corbusier)

Question 22

a weekend house that is known for allowing sunlight to pour into the main living quarters; windows and roof terraces afford views out across the French countryside

Answer 22

Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier

Question 23

a housing block described as a great concrete “ocean liner”

Answer 23

Unite d’Habitation by Le Corbusier

Question 24

a chapel with a structure that is made mostly of concrete and is comparatively small, enclosed by thick walls, with an upturned roof supported on columns embedded within the walls

Answer 24

Notre Dame-du-Haut Ronchamp by Le Corbusier

Question 25

the largest of the four buildings is the secretariat of the building; the green glass-curtain tower was the first of its kind in New York

Answer 25

UN Headquarters by Wallace K. Harrison

Question 26

a building made of glass and bronze

Answer 26

Seagram Building by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Philip Johnson