Histology - Soft Connective Tissue

Question 1

which forces do soft connective tissue deal with?

Answer 1

tensile and compressive forces

Question 2

what is soft connective tissue mainly made of?

Answer 2

collagen

Question 3

what is tropocollagen?

Answer 3

3 collagen monomers wrapped around each other

Question 4

what type of tissue is this?

what makes the dark/light lines in the individual fibers?

Answer 4

collagen

tropocollagen

Question 5

what is Hyaluronic acid?

Answer 5

a main component of the extracellular matrix, found within aggrecan (proteoglycans)

Question 6

what is aggrecan?

Answer 6

major proteoglycan in articular cartilage

Question 7

what is this structure?

what is the advantage of the shape?

Answer 7

aggrecan

water is attracted to structure and difficult to get out

Question 8

what forms the backbone of aggercan?

Answer 8

hyaluronic acid

Question 9

what is the relationship between strenth and flexibility?

Answer 9

being flexible helps to share the weight, therfore making structure stronger

Question 10

what is connective tissue mostly made of? why?

Answer 10

water

easily obtained, essentially incompressible

Question 11

what makes up the extracellular matrix?

Answer 11

collagens and elastins, proteoglycans

Question 12

what force does collagen and elastin in the ECM deal with?

Answer 12

tensile strength

Question 13

what is the role of proteoglycans in the ECM?

Answer 13

retain water

Question 14

in connective tissue, what is the %/vol ofr maintenance cells?

Answer 14

not many (few)

Question 15

what type of connective tissue is this?

Answer 15

mesentary - loose connective tissue

Question 16

what are the loose connective tissues in the body?

Answer 16

mesentary and synovium, adipose

Question 17

what are mesentary/synovium used for?

Answer 17

holding things together

Question 18

what are tendons and ligaments used for?

Answer 18

used for pulling on

Question 19

what type of connective tissue is this?

Answer 19

tendon - dense regular connective tissue

Question 20

what are tendons/ligaments encased by?

Answer 20

connective tissue envelopes:

epitenon, peritenon, endotenon

epiligament, periligament, endoligament

Question 21

where is the epitenon/epiligament?

Answer 21

on the outside of the tendon/ligament

Question 22

where is the peritenon/periligament?

Answer 22

on the outside of the fascicle (always on the first layer down from the epitenon)

Question 23

where is the endotenon/endoligament?

Answer 23

around the fibrils (and below)

Question 24

what is the function of the epiligament/epitenon?

what does this do?

Answer 24

to allow tendons/ligaments to slide against each other

load sharing, flexibility

Question 25

which is thicker, epitenon or endotenon?

Answer 25

epitenon

Question 26

what does dense irregular connective tissue do?

Answer 26

resist forces from lots of different directions

Question 27

what are the dense regular connective tissues?

Answer 27

tendons, ligaments

Question 28

what are the dense irregular connective tissues?

Answer 28

dermis, joint capsules

Question 29

what type of connective tissue is this?

Answer 29

joint capsule - dense irregular connective tissue

Question 30

what does hyaline cartilage do?

Answer 30

compression resistance

Question 31

where is hyaline cartilage located?

Answer 31

joints, trachea, nose

Question 32

what type of connective tissue is this?

Answer 32

hyaline cartilage

Question 33

label this image

Answer 33

A: chondroblasts B: chondrocytes C: chondroblasts D: pericondrium

Question 34

what is a lacunus?

Answer 34

the space where condrocytes live

Question 35

what is this image showing? what is the arrow pointing to?

Answer 35

chondrocytes in lacunae in hyaline cartilage arrow: lacunus

Question 36

what is the leading edge of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 36

where the cell reproduction happens

Question 37

what is a "stack of coins" in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 37

chondroblasts form this stack of cells while they inflate and become chondrocytes

Question 38

which comes first, the lacunus or the chondrocyte?

Answer 38

chondrocyte

Question 39

what is this image showing?

Answer 39

hyaline cartilage reproduction (stack of coins)

Question 40

what is the organization/geometry of cartilage?

Answer 40

arcades (arches) next to each other with a band over top

Question 41

which forces do the intervertebral discs, menisci, and heart skeleton deal with?

Answer 41

compressive and tensile strength

Question 42

what type of cartilage is used in intervertrbral discs, menisci, and heart skeleton?

Answer 42

fibrocartilage

Question 43

what type of connective tissue is this?

Answer 43

fibrocartilage

Question 44

what forces does elastic cartilage deal with?

Answer 44

resistance and flexibility

Question 45

where is elastic cartilage found on the body?

Answer 45

pinnae, epiglottis

Question 46

what type of connective tissue is this?

Answer 46

elastic cartilage

Question 47

what type of tissue is this?

Answer 47

elastic cartilage

Question 48

what is in elastic cartilage to make it flexible?

Answer 48

elastin

Question 49

what is adipose tissue used for?

Answer 49

storage of lipids and padding

Question 50

what is white adipose tissue used for?

Answer 50

long-term fat storage

Question 51

what is brown adipose tissue used for?

Answer 51

fat storage that is available for use right away --\> heat production

Question 52

what type of cell is this?

Answer 52

white adipocytes

Question 53

what type of cell is this?

Answer 53

brown adipocytes

Question 54

what makes brown adipose tissue more easily accessible?

Answer 54

instead of one big cell, there are lots of little cells = more SA to interact with surrounding tissues = more availability for usage

Question 55

what does unilocular mean?

Answer 55

single locus for a lipid droplet in an adipocyte

Question 56

what adipocyte is uniloculatr? which one is multilocular?

Answer 56

unilocular: white adipocytes multilocular: brown adipocytes

Question 57

what is brown adipose tissue rich in?

Answer 57

mitochondria

Question 58

what is the difference in nuclei and lipid droplets in brown and white adipocytes?

Answer 58

brown: central nuclei, multiple peripheral lipid droplets white: peripheral nuclei, one large lipid droplet

Question 59

what happens when cartilage is compressed for a long time?

Answer 59

surface structures are compressed, but the inner layer is the same

Question 60

what happens when you remove proteoglycans from connective tissue?

Answer 60

water flows out because there is less resistance, lose structure of tissue

Question 61

what type of tissue is this? what is the difference between A and B?

Answer 61

cartilage A: has proteoglycans B: missing proteoglycans

Question 62

what is another name for hyaline cartilage?

Answer 62

articular cartilage

Question 63

what is a chondron?

Answer 63

a cluster of chondrocytes (touching each other)

Question 64

what is this wavy pattern known as ?

Answer 64

collagen crimp