VETM 320 > Proximal Intrinsic Forelimb Muscles > Flashcards

Proximal Intrinsic Forelimb Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

what are extrinsic forelimb muscles?

A

those that link the trunk to the scapula/humerus

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2
Q

what are intrinsic forelimb muscles

A

those that originate in the forelimb

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3
Q

muscles that actuate the shoulder joint originate on the ____ and insert on the ____.

A

originate on the scapula

insert on the humerus (or more distal)

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4
Q

which action has more muscles associated with it in the proximal forelimb? why?

A

flexion

flexion is used to bring the leg backward on the ground –> working with whole body weight

extension is used to swing leg forward –> only working with weight of limb

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5
Q

what is the primary action of the deltoideus?

where are the origins and insertions?

A

flex shoulder

scapular part: O = spine of scapula; I: deltoid tuberosity

acromial part: O = acromian process; I = deltoid tuberosity

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6
Q

what is the primary action of the infraspinatus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flexion of shoulder

O = infraspinous fossa of scapula

I = greater tubercle of humerus

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7
Q

what is the primary action of the teres minor?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex shoulder

O = caudal border of scapula

I = teres minor tuberosity of humerus

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8
Q

what is the primary action of the supraspinatus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend shoulder

O = supraspinous fossa of scapula

I = greater and lesser tubercles of humerus

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9
Q

what is the primary action of the subscapularis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend shoulder

O = subscapular fossa of scapula

I = lesser tubercle of humerus

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10
Q

what is the primary action of the teres major?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex shoulder

O = caudal border of scapula

I = teres major tuberosity of humerus

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11
Q

what is the primary action of the coracobrachialis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex shoulder

O = coracoid process of scapula

I = lesser tubercle of humerus

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12
Q

what is the primary action of the triceps brachii?

where are the origins and insertions?

A

extend elbow

all insert onto olecranon

long head O = caudal edge of scapula

all other originate on humerus

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13
Q

what is the primary action of the tensor fascia antebrachii?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend elbow

O = latissimus dorsi

I = olecranon and antebrachial fascia

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14
Q

what is the primary action of the anconeus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend elbow

O = olecranon fossa

I = olecranon

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15
Q

what is the primary action of the biceps brachii?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex elbow and extend shoulder

O = supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I = radial tuberosity

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16
Q

what is the primary action of the brachialis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex elbow

O = brachial groove of humerus

I = radius

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17
Q

what do the deltoideus and supraspinatus work together to do?

A

abduct the shoulder joint

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18
Q

what is the rotator cuff made of?

A

SITS

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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19
Q

what is the function of the rotator cuff?

A

to provide stability while bearing weight

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20
Q

what is mm 3?

A

supraspinatus

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21
Q

what is mm 9?

A

subscapularis

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22
Q

what is mm 2?

A

teres major

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23
Q

what is mm 10?

A

coracobrachialis

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24
Q

what is mm 11?

A

tensor fascia antebrachii

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25
what is mm 6?
long head of the triceps brahii
26
what is mm 6"?
medial head of the triceps brachii
27
what is mm 12?
biceps brachii
28
what is mm 2?
teres major
29
what is mm 4?
scapular head of the deltoideus
30
what is mm 4'?
acromial head of the deltoideus
31
what is mm 3?
supraspinatus
32
what is mm 6?
long head of the triceps brachii
33
what is mm 6'?
lateral head of the triceps brahii
34
which head of the triceps is unique to dogs?
accessory head of the triceps
35
what is mm 12?
lacertus fibrosus
36
what is mm 1?
teres minor
37
what is mm 4?
anconeus
38
what is lameness?
abnormal limb movements
39
what type of motion do muscles produce at joints?
angular motion
40
what are the fulcrums of the MSK?
joints
41
what are the levers of the MSK?
bones
42
what is torque?
the tendency of a force to cause an object to rotate around a certain axis
43
what are the external forces acting on the MSK?
gravity, ground reaction forces, friction
44
do muscle contractions always produce angular motion? why or why not?
no they can resist external forces or brake to control the rotation at a joint
45
what is the out-lever?
where the external force and torque are applied
46
what is the in-lever?
where the internal (muscle) force and torque are applied
47
what is a first class lever? what is an example of this in the body?
fulcrum with weight on either side (teeter totter) cranial side of atlantooccipital joint
48
what is a second class lever? what is an example of this in the body?
fulcrum on one side, external forces acting right beside it, and muscle forces acting beside the external forces (wheelbarrow) distal limb joints
49
what is a third class lever? what is an example of this in the body?
fulcrum on one side, internal force beside that, and external force beside internal force (holding barbell) biceps in forelimb
50
what is the most common lever class in the MSK system?
third class
51
how do muscles resist torque?
increasing muscle force or increasing lever arm
52
how do we define the flexor surface?
use the angle that is already less than 180 degrees based on neutral position of the two bones in the joint
53
what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the shoulder?
F: caudal aspect E: cranial aspect
54
what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the elbow?
F: cranial aspect E: caudal aspect
55
what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the distal joints?
F: caudal E: cranial
56
what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the hip?
F: cranial E: caudal
57
what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the stifle?
F: caudal E: cranial
58
what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the tarsus/hock?
F: cranial E: caudal
59
hyper ranges typically apply to the ___ surface
extensor
60
label this image
A: brachialis B: anconeus C: lateral head of triceps brachii D: long head of triceps brachii E: supraspinatus
61
label this image
A: medial head of triceps brachii B: long head of triceps brachii C: accessory head of triceps brachii
62
label this image
A: biceps brachii B: medial head of triceps brachii C: teres major
63
label this image
A: teres major B: subscapularis C: supraspinatus D: coracobrachialis E: tensor fascia antebrachii F: long head of triceps brachii G: medial head of triceps brachii H: biceps brachii
64
label this image
A: supraspinatus b: infraspinatus
65
label this image
A: teres minor B: brachialis
66
label this image ignore G
A: lateral head of triceps brahii B: brachialis C: teres minor D: long head of triceps brachii E: anconeus F: infraspinatus H: deltoideus I: biceps brachii J: coracobrachialis K: medial head of triceps brachii L: lateral head of triceps brachii M: subscapularis
67
what is muscle A?
accessory head of the triceps brachii
68
what is muscle A?
biceps brachii
69
label this image
A: lateral head of triceps brachii B: long head of triceps brachii C: deltoideus D: supraspinatus E: teres major
70
label this image
A: subscapularis B: teres major C: supraspinatus
71
what is muscle A?
tensor fascia antebrachii
72
what is muscle A?
coracobrachialis
73
What are muscles A and B?
A: medial head of triceps brachii B: biceps brachii
74
what is muscle A?
deltoideus
75
what is muscle A?
infraspinatus
76
label this image
A: supraspinatus B: deltoideus
77
label mm A and B which muscle is being held up by the glove?
A: infraspinatus B: teres minor glove: deltoideus
78
what are muscles A and B?
A: subscapularis B: teres major
79
label muscles A and B
A: lateral head of the triceps brachii B: long head of the triceps brachii
80
label these muscles
A: tensor fascia antebrachii B: medial head of the triceps brachii
81
what structure is being pointed to?
accessory head of the triceps brachii
82
what structure is being pointed to?
biceps brachii
83
what structure is being pointed to?
brachialis
84
label these muscles (include ones from extrinsic forelimb)
A: omotransversarius B: brachiocephalicus C: rhomboideus D: serratus ventralis E: subclavius F: supraspinatus G: deltoideus H: long head of triceps brachii I: lateral head of triceps brachii J: tensor fascia antebrachii
85
what is mm A?
cervical trapezius
86
what is mm A?
thoracic trapezius
87
what is mm A?
latissimus dorsi
88
this is the ventral side of the horse. what muscle is it?
pectoralis profundus
89
what is muscle A? this is on the medial side of the horse. think extrinsic forelimb
superficial pectorals

VETM 320 (18 decks)

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