Muscles General

Question 1

what are the 3 muscle types?

Answer 1

smooth (visceral) muscle, cardiac muscle, striated (skeletal) muscle

Question 2

which muscle types are involuntary? which are voluntary?

Answer 2

involuntary: smooth and cardiac
voluntary: striated

Question 3

where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 3

blood vessels and internal organs

Question 4

how is smooth muscle organized?

Answer 4

no banding - loose organization of actin and myosin

Question 5

where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 5

heart

Question 6

how is cardiac muscle organized?

Answer 6

striated

Question 7

where is striated muscle found?

Answer 7

MSK system

Question 8

how is striated muscle organized?

Answer 8

visible banding, highly organized from sarcomeres to identifiable muscles

Question 9

what is a sarcomere?

Answer 9

the basic contractile unit

Question 10

what is the organization of striated muscle from smallest unit to largest unit?

Answer 10

sarcomere –> myofibril –> fiber –> fiber bundle –> muscle head/belly

Question 11

what is another name for fiber bundles?

Answer 11

fasciculi

Question 12

what is the fascia around the muscle fiber called?

Answer 12

endomysium

Question 13

what is the fascia around the fasciculi called?

Answer 13

perimysium

Question 14

what is the fascia around the muscle bellies called?

Answer 14

epimysium

Question 15

what separates muscle bellies into definable groups?

Answer 15

epimysium

Question 16

label this image

Answer 16

A: bone

B: tendon

C: epimysium

D: endomysium

E: permysium

F: blood vessel

G: muscle fiber

H: fascicle

Question 17

how do muscles attach to bone?

Answer 17

through tendons

Question 18

what is the muscle origin?

Answer 18

proximal attachment point to tendon/bone

Question 19

what is the muscle insertion?

Answer 19

distal attachment to tendon/bone

Question 20

are tendons contractile or elastic?

Answer 20

elastic

Question 21

what are 2 mechanisms to prevent wear on tendons?

Answer 21

sesamoids

bursae and sheaths

Question 22

what are bursae/sheaths?

Answer 22

fluid-filled cushions

Question 23

what is the difference between bursae and sheaths?

Answer 23

bursae: on one side of tendon
sheath: wraps all around tendon

Question 24

what is muscle power determined by?

Answer 24

fiber orientation and fiber number

Question 25

can muscles pull AND push? or only one?

Answer 25

muscles only pull

Question 26

what are the 5 muscle architectures?

Answer 26

strap, spindle/fusiform, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

Question 27

what is the difference between fiber orientation in strap/fusiform muscles and pennate muscles?

Answer 27

strap/fusiform: fibers run parallel to line of action pennate: fibers run at an angle to line of action

Question 28

label the muscle architectures

Answer 28

1: strap 2: spindle or fusiform 3. unipennate 4. bipennate 5. multipennate

Question 29

how much can muscles contract relative to their length?

Answer 29

~50%

Question 30

what is the relationship between muscle power and contractile distance?

Answer 30

the more contractile distance, the less power

Question 31

what is the contraction vs power of spindle/strap muscles?

Answer 31

can contract over long distances, limited power

Question 32

what is the contraction vs power of pennate muscles?

Answer 32

generate lots of power, but only over short distances

Question 33

what type of motion do muscles produce at joints?

Answer 33

angular motion

Question 34

what are the levers in the MSK system?

Answer 34

bones

Question 35

what are the forces in the MSK system?

Answer 35

muscle force or external force

Question 36

what are the fulcra in the MSK system?

Answer 36

joints

Question 37

what are agonist and antagonist muscles?

Answer 37

antagonist muscles contract when agonistic muscles relax (and vice versa) ex. biceps and triceps

Question 38

what are synergist muscles?

Answer 38

function in tendem with other muscle(s)

Question 39

what are fixator muscles?

Answer 39

keep joints stable