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VETM 320 > Intro to Neuro/Brain > Flashcards

Intro to Neuro/Brain Flashcards

1
Q

what does afferent mean?

A

ascending, sensory –> signals go towards brain

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2
Q

what does efferent mean?

A

descending, motor –> signals go away from brain

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3
Q

what does somatic mean? (with nerves)

A

exteroreceptive, proprioreceptive, vision, hearing, balance

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4
Q

what does visceral mean? (with nerves)

A

enteroreceptive, smell, taste

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5
Q

what are the components of a neuron?

A

dendrite, cell body, axon

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6
Q

what is the direction of electrical impulse of a neuron?

A

dendrite –> cell body –> axon

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7
Q

what is a synapse?

A

junction between two nerve cells

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8
Q

where are neurotransmitters located?

A

synapses

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9
Q

what do neurotransmitters do?

A

excite (depolarize) or inhibit (hyper polarize) signals

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10
Q

what is a multipolar neuron?

A

many dendrites that get signals from axons

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11
Q

what is a bipolar neuron?

A

one dendrite, one axon, cell body in the middle

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12
Q

what is a pseudopolar neuron?

A

cell body is branched off a bit, but still functions like a regular neuron

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13
Q

label the neuron shapes

A

A: multipolar

B: bipolar

C: pseudopolar

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14
Q

what are neurons suspended in?

A

neuroglia

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15
Q

what type of structure is a Schwann cell?

A

neuroglia

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16
Q

what is an axon wrapped in?

A

Schwann/neuroglia, myelin

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17
Q

what are cell bodies wrapped in?

A

nothing

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18
Q

what is white vs grey matter?

A

myelin gives a white appearance, so any tissue that has myelin is white matter and any tissue that doesn’t have myelin is grey matter

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19
Q

what does myelin do?

A

insulates neuron, allows signal to be propagated faster

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20
Q

what is another name for sensory neurons?

A

afferent neurons

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21
Q

what is another name for motor neurons?

A

efferent neurons

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22
Q

what is the monosynaptic reflex arc?

A
  1. stimulus on part of body
  2. afferent neuron brings to spinal cord/brain
  3. impulse transmitted to efferent neuron
  4. efferent neuron brings signal to muscle
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23
Q

what are the 3 primary brain vesicles in the developing brain?

A

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

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24
Q

what does the prosencephalon turn into? (secondary brain vesicles)

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

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25
what does the mesencephalon turn into? (secondary brain vesicles)
mesencephalon
26
what does the rhombencephalon turn into (secondary brain vesicles)?
metencephalon and myelencephalon
27
what is another name for the hindbrain?
rhombencephalon
28
what are the adult components of the rhombencephalon?
medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellu, 4th ventricle (although this isn't neural tissue)
29
label this image
A: cerebrum B: cerebellum C: spinal cord D: medulla oblongata E: pons
30
how are the cranial nerves organized in the medulla and pons?
medial vs lateral
31
what forms the 4th ventricle?
remnants of the lumen of the neural tube
32
label this image what brain structure are the labels on?
cerebellum A: hemispheres B: vermis
33
what is the dotted red line?
transverse fissue (tentorum cerebelli)
34
what is the tentorum cerebelli and where is it?
fold of dura mater between the cerebrum and cerebellum
35
label the letters and structure #8
A: lateral ventricle B: 3rd ventricle C: 4th ventricle D: mesencephalic aquaduct 8: central canal
36
what is the central canal?
major gateway for cerebrospinal fluid
37
where is cerebrospinal fluid made?
majority in 4th ventricle and choroid plexus some in other ventricles
38
what is the function of the medulla oblongata?
autonomic nervous system, has nuclei for CNs related to breathing and cardiac function and taste
39
what is the function of the pons?
houses nuclei of CNs involved in hearing, facial expressions, sensation
40
what is the function of the cerebellum?
coordination of posture, balance, proprioception
41
what is the function of the 4th ventricle?
CSF production and gateway into subarachnoid space
42
what are the adult components of the mesencephalon?
tectum - colliculi mesencephalic aquaduct tegmentum crus cerebri
43
label the parts of the mesencephalon
A: tectum (colliculi) B: mesencephalic aquaduct C: tegmentum D: crus cerebri
44
what does the mesencephalic aquaduct do?
connect the 3rd and 4th ventricles
45
what are the 2 colliculi?
rostral colliculus and caudal colliculus
46
what does the rostral colliculus house?
optic pathways
47
what does the caudal colliculus house?
auditory pathways
48
label these structures
A: rostral colliculus B: caudal colliculus
49
what is structure A?
crus cerebri
50
what is the name for the rostral brainstem?
diencephalon
51
what are the adult components of the diencephalon?
epiphysis, thalamus, hypophysis, mammillary bodies, 3rd ventricle
52
label these structures
A: hypophysis B: mammillary bodies C: infundibulum
53
label this image
A: epithalamus B: epiphysis C: interthalamic adhesion D: infundibulum E: hypophysis F: mamillary body
54
what is the other name for the pineal gland?
epiphysis
55
what structures make up the hypothalamus?
hypohysis and mammillary bodies
56
what is the function of the epiphysis/epithalamus?
circadian rhythms
57
what is the function of the thalamus?
nuclei for relay and integration of sensory into to cortext (except olfactory)
58
where is the thalamus located?
around the interthalamic adhesion
59
what is the function of the hypophysis?
endocrine control (master gland)
60
what is the function of the mammillary bodies?
relay with hippocampus and amygdala (memory)
61
what is the function of the 3rd ventricle?
CSF production
62
what is another name for the cortex of the cerebrum?
pallium
63
what do the gyri and sulci do?
increase surface area
64
what are gyri and sulci?
gyri: ridges sulci: folds
65
what does an enlarged cortex mean?
high-level cognitive functioning
66
what divides the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?
the longitudinal fissure
67
what is the falx cerebri?
arched fold of dura mater
68
label the lobes of the brain
A: frontal B: parietal C: temporal D: occipital
69
what is the function of the frontal lobe?
executive functions and motor function
70
what is the function of the parietal lobe?
spatial and sensory function
71
what is the function of the occipital lobe?
visual functions
72
what is the function of the temporal lobe?
association cortex, auditory functions
73
what is the function of the olfactory bulb?
olfactory information
74
what is structure A?
olfactory bulb
75
what is the structure that links the R and L hemispheres of the brain
corpus callosum
76
what makes up the paleopallium?
olfactory bulb and piriform lobe
77
what is structure A?
piriform lobe
78
what are the meningies in mammals?
dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater
79
what is the dorsal sagittal sinus
growth in dura mater in the back of skull
80
describe the path of CSF
made in 4th ventricle + choroid plexus drained via villi into dorsal sagittal sinus
81
what is the circle of Willis?
the cerebral arterial ring that supplies blood to the brain
82
what is the circle of Willis made of?
L and R internal carotids, single basilar artery
83
label this image which artery isn't shown? why?
A: rostral cerebral artery B: middle cerebral artery C: caudal cererbral artery D: basilar artery E: vertebral artery F: rostral cerebellar artery not shown: caudal cerebellar. located more caudally
84
label this photo what is it of?
A: dorsal sagittal sinus B: straight sinus C: transverse sinus D: basilar sinus E: internal jugular vein F: cavernous sinus venous blood supply in the brain
85
label this image
A: crus cerebri B: tentorium cerebelli
86
label this image D is referring to the white stuff
A: olfactory lobe B: cerebellum C: cerebrum D: falx cerebri
87
label this image
A: medulla oblongata B: pons
88
label this image C is referening the structure looping around structure B D is referring to the space where the arrow is pointing
A: corpus callosum B: interthalamic adhesion C: 3rd ventricle D: 4th ventricle
89
label this image
A: hypophysis B: hypothalamus
90
where is the instrument pointing to?
olfactory lobe
91
what structure is the instrument lifting up?
olfactory bulb
92
where is the instrument leaning against on the L side?
mammillary bodies
93
label this image
A: optic chiasm B: mamillary bodies C: pons D: medulla oblongata
94
what is structure A?
A: epiphysis
95
where is the instrument pointing to?
mesencephalic aqueduct

VETM 320 (18 decks)

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