History Superpowers 1 Flashcards
(166 cards)
1
Q
who go what land post WWII
A
- Poland would take land from Germany
- Soviet union would get the ceased land from 1939
2
Q
What did Starlin want most about the land
A
- That the western borders were secured
3
Q
Agreements made at Yalta
A
- Germany would be split into 4 goverend by each superpower
- Germany would pay $20 mill (half to the soviet union)
- Nazi party permanently disbanded and war criminals prosecuted
- Un had been set up, and the first meeting was on the 25th April 1945
- Free elections would be held in Eastern Europe
- Polish borders reset to the original 1932 (major gain for the soviets)
- Starlin agreed to join the war with Japan 3 months after the end of WWII
4
Q
What happened to the governments of Eastern Europe in the free elections and what was expected?
A
- The Soviets expected them to bring out a communist government
- ## But the West supported the non- communists, eg, the London Poles.
5
Q
Yalts Impacts on International Relations
A
- Increased as the UN helped
- Both happy with the agreement for free elections
- Poland was a difficult situation for the future.
6
Q
What caused the increase in tensions over the Potsdam conference
A
- The Development of the Atomic Bomb
- The Change in leadership so new dynamics
7
Q
Agreements made at Potsdam
A
- Berlin also to be split into 4 zones
-One controlled by each superpower - The currency to be kept the same as to not effect the economy
-Soviets controlled the poorest Zone so were allowed to take 1/4 of the industrial equipment from other zones
8
Q
Problems at Postdam
A
Truman went back on the decision that had previously been made about Poland. (Objected to the Influence that communism had over Eastern Europe.
- ## Truman also objected to the Soviets having full control over the countries that were liberated from the Nazi grasp.
9
Q
What happened in san fransisco and what were the details of it
A
- The formation of the un 26th June 1945
- 51 members
- China / USA / Britain/ Soviet union/ France all have veto power. And were the only permanent members.
- All 16 soviet states were rejected - instead they put Russia Belarus and Ukraine were accepted.
10
Q
What happened to tensions during the potsdam conrence
A
- Truman and Attlee were new so took a while to get there way with Starlin
- Increases Truman delay to have the A-Bomb to get an edge on negotiations.
- Attlee couldn’t care and just wanted to get home to govern his new country.
11
Q
what was one of the problems of the grand alliance
A
-Starlin belived that communisum and strong borders were needed to protect against the west.
-Truman was determined to stop communtisum spreading to the west
12
Q
When and where was the atomic bomb first used
A
- Japan 6th August 1945 - Hiroshima
13
Q
Why were the bombs used and why do historians think they were used
A
- Said to be used to defet the japanise
- Hist think that it was to show the soviet union that they were strong and have more power than them.
- Also to help convince people who were temoted to join the Usa but were scared of comunist agression that they would be safe under the USA
AIM - STOP THE SPERAD OF COMMUNISUM
14
Q
How did the atomic bomb effect relations
A
Truman wanted relations to improve because of the ABOMB but they worsened
- Starlin didn’t like that the USA had power over them.
-both wanted different things for eastern Europe as they both wanted to create a buffer zone of either communism or capitalism
- Starlin wanted more soviet security vs the western powers incase of war or western attacks`
15
Q
When did the soviets develope there atomic bomb
A
- 1949 only 4 years after the USA, this gave then an even ground
16
Q
Who wrote to the USA about attitudes in russia and what was the message called
A
George kennan
- the long telegram
17
Q
Who wrote to the Soviet union and what was it called
A
- Novikov Telegram
18
Q
What was the Arms race and how did it start
A
- A race between the USA and soviets to have the best military equipment in order to hold the power over one another.
- Began due to the Atomic bomb
19
Q
What did the Long telegram say and what was the USA reaction
A
-It concerned the USA as Starlin wanted to see the end of capitalism and felt that the outside world was hostile and looking to destroy communism. and it said that
“it is desirable and necessary that…the traditional way of life be destroyed”
HOWEVER,
“it is within our power to restore without military power.”
20
Q
Who was George Kennan
A
the American ambasador in The soviet union
21
Q
What did kennan think about the soviet union?
A
that they were driven but not suicidal and would back down if they were met with greater resistance.
22
Q
How did Kennan’s message the USAS foreign policy towards the soviet union
A
- The USA introduces the policy of containment this meant that they would try to stop the communism from spreading this was hard post war as all countries were poor .
23
Q
What dis the Novikov tekegram suggest to the USSR
A
- thst the USA wanted to use their millitary dominance to control the world,.
- That the people would support them even if this meant war
- the USA had no intention of compromise with the USSR after Roosevelts death.
“intended only to prepair conditions to win world domination”
24
Q
What was the response to the telegrams from both sides
A
The arms race the development of next level equipment.
25
How did Churchils "iron curtain speech increase tentions"
- His speech was in America so he must have cleared anything he had to say with Truman, he said negative things about USSR and this increased tensions.
26
What did Chruchill say in his speech and what were his opinions
- Soviet union was a threat to word freedom and peace
- Soviet union was growing out of control rapidly in Easten Europe
- "Soviet influence to a very high increaseing mesure of control in Moscow."
27
what was Starlins reaction to the speech
-Churchil was reflecting the american POV
28
What did Starlin do in response to this
Increase the anti -western propaganda.
29
What were satilite states and why did starlin want them.
- satellite states were used to provide a communist buffer between the west and the USSR incase of an attack.
- They were also used for there minerals and raw materials in order to fund and supply the soviet army.
30
What happened to the tesions after the control of the satilite states
- Truman saw it as a point of communist aggression and a development of communist ideologies.
- This increase the tensions.
31
What is a satellite state?
A country that is officially independent but under heavy political, military, and economic influence or control from another country.
In this context, Eastern European countries controlled by the USSR after WWII.
32
How did the USSR take control of Eastern European countries?
Rigged elections: Communist parties won by fraud or intimidation.
Coalition governments: Then communists took over.
Elimination of opposition: Non-communists arrested, exiled, or executed.
Use of Soviet troops: Red Army often remained after WWII.
33
What was the “Iron Curtain”?
Term used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the division between:
Western Europe (democratic, capitalist)
Eastern Europe (communist, Soviet-controlled)
Symbolized the growing division of Europe during the Cold Wa
34
Why were satellite states important in the Cold War?
Helped the USSR project power in Europe.
Made the Cold War more entrenched by clearly dividing Europe.
Led to increasing tension and mistrust between East and West.
35
What was the Warsaw Uprising (1944)?
A military rebellion by the Polish Home Army (non-communist resistance).
Aimed to liberate Warsaw from Nazi occupation before the Soviet Red Army arrived, to assert Polish independence.
36
Why did the Poles start the uprising?
Fear of Soviet domination after liberation.
Wanted to show Poland could free itself without Soviet help.
Hoped the Allies (especially the USSR) would support them.
37
How did the USSR respond to the Warsaw Uprising?
Red Army halted its advance just outside Warsaw.
Did not help the Polish resistance.
Allowed Germans to crush the uprising.
Seen as a betrayal by Stalin—ensured communist control post-war.
- This allowed them to put in a communist goverment
38
What happened after the uprising?
Lasted 63 days (August–October 1944).
About 200,000 Poles killed (mostly civilians).
Warsaw was destroyed.
USSR later moved in and installed a pro-Soviet government.
39
Why did the USSR want to control Czechoslovakia?
Geographically central in Europe.
Had a strong democratic tradition.
Pro-Western attitudes after WWII.
Could become a threat to Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.
40
How did the Communists take over Czechoslovakia in 1948?
Communist Party already part of the coalition government.
In Feb 1948, Communists staged a coup:
Took control of police, army, and media.
Non-communists were forced out or resigned under pressure.
Jan Masaryk, a democratic politician, was found dead—likely murdered.
41
Why was the communist coup in Czechoslovakia significant?
Ended democracy in the country.
Showed USSR would not tolerate Western influence in Eastern Europe.
Prompted the passing of the Marshall Plan in the USA.
Increased Cold War tensions—West saw it as Soviet aggression.
42
What did the long telegram show to the USA about communism
- Soviets intended to spread it all over eastern Europe they wanted it to be a very powerful force.
43
Why were wepons that the USA had defencless against communsum
-The usa had ots of wepons and lots of power yet the Soviets didnt need to go to war in order to spread communisum and "beat" the USA
- this was because to poorer nations communisum looked appealing post WWII poverty.
44
Why did contries like the look of communisum
- The country was struggling in the post WWII economy and people were poor and suffering communism looked like the shining light.
- All infrastructure, homes and life's had been destroyed.
45
What was "containment"
- The Us policy to stop and restrict the spread of communism around Europe. This was the US Forien policy.
46
What was "isolationism"
Staying apart, not getting involved in the affairs of others.
47
What was the Truman Doctrine
-
48
What started the Truman Doctrine
- The British announcing the they will be removing aid from Greece against the communist guerrillas, as Britain was out of money, the US stepped in, to prevent to spread of communism and provide economic aid.
49
what did truman announce on the day he announced the begining of the Truman Doctrine
- He would provide $400 million to Greece and Türkiye and also to provide millitary support so that thye were able to resist communisum.
50
What did the truman doctrine mark in terms of policy
The US shift from Isolationisum to containment.
51
Along with the truman doctrine what did he also anounce 2
- the clear statement of the differences between democracy and communism.
52
How did truman describe the diffrences in Communisum and in decomcracy.
- He described it as good vs evil.
DEMOCRACY
- majority rule
-freedom from political oppression
COMMUNISUM
- minority will be forced on the majority, single rule single party state.
53
What was the Truman doctrine and who was it given too
- Given to
- all who wanted to resist communist oppression, provided aid and military support
- Economic and military aid.
54
What did the Truman doctrine symbolise for the USA
- that they were the leaders in an upcoming battle against communism.
55
What directly followed the Truman doctrine
The Marshall plan
56
what was the quote truman said during his announcment of the Truman doctrine about Soviets
"fixed elections and suppression of personal freedoms"
57
What was the Marshall plan and what did it suggest
- Financial aid for war torn countries in order to fix and develop there economy without turning to communism.
58
How could the USA provide Marshall ais, how did they have the money?
- There infrastructure had not been a badly damaged as the other nations in Europe.
59
How much aid did the USA give to other countries
- $12.7 mil post announcement
$13 mil pre Marshal plan
60
How much was given to Britain
$3,297 mill
61
Who was he? How did Ernest Beven describe it
"A life line to sinking men, giving hope when there was none"
- British foiren sec
62
Was the Marshall aid given to soviet contries, why?
- It was debated but no as they knew Starlin would never allow it and to be provided aid they needed to give a full account of their finances. (Starlin could never have allowed this)
63
Why was Europe supplied Marshall aid
The majority of the country was in such poor health and economic wealth that they were starving.
64
What did George Marshall say about the policy for the soviet controlled countries
"Our policy is not directed against any country... but against hunger, poverty, depravation and chaos.
65
What did the Marshall plan do on a small scale
- It helped with the locals in all areas for example provided nets for the Norwegian fishermen and mules for the Greek farmers in order to long term support the countries needs.
66
What was Dollar imperialisum
- A soviet term used to critisize the Marshall plan
67
How did Starlin and the soviets see the Marshall plan
- A part of American aggression in an attempt to create economies over Europe, unprovoked attempt to spread capitalism.
- Began to the that the US were taking control of the UN and trying to use it to control the world.
- Argued that the Marshall plan was used to create a divided Europe, and create an AMERICAN ECONOMIC EMPIRE IN EUROPE.
68
How did the Marshall plan effect tentions
Increase due to interference in Europe and attempt to stop communism and spread capitalism.
- Increased due to the end of the grand alliance and the USA and the USSR have now completely set up against each other for the power, both attempt to attract other countries in order to develop against the other
- Increased as Starlin had suspicions about the USA attempting to destroy the soviet union and communism and now they had proof.
69
Due to this increased tention what happened in Europe for the next 50 Years
- Intense rivalry between the 2, and the political and diplomatic rivalries.
70
Who was the strongest supporter of COMINFORM
- Yugoslavia under the leadership of Tito so its headquarters were stationed their
71
When did starlin set up cominform
22nd september 1947
72
what was cominform
Cominform stands for the Communist Information Bureau.
73
Why was cominform needed
It aimed to ensure Soviet control over satellite states and unite the communist response to the Marshall Plan.
74
What was cominform
It was a Soviet organisation designed to coordinate the activities of communist parties across Europe.
75
Why did Stalin establish Cominform?
As a response to the Marshall Plan.
To counter U.S. influence in Europe.
To enforce ideological unity among communist countries.
To keep Eastern European governments firmly aligned with Moscow and Soviet policies.
76
How did Cominform operate in practice?
rganised meetings between European communist parties.
Ensured they followed Stalin's direction.
Used to suppress opposition and dissent within communist countries.
Encouraged purges of those not loyal to Stalin.
Spread anti-Western propaganda.
77
What happened at the first cominform meeting
-The rejected the idea of the marshall plan
78
How many members did cominform have
9
79
Whcih countries were part of Cominform
USSR,
Poland,
Hungary,
Czechoslovakia,
Bulgaria,
Romania,
Yugoslavia,
later other Eastern Bloc states.
Note: Yugoslavia was expelled in 1948 for not following Stalin's orders (Tito's split with the USSR).
80
What was discouraged at the comminform meetings
- Communication with non comunist countries
81
What was did COMINCON AND COMINFORM cause
- The begining of NATO
82
What was Comecon
Direct aid and assistance to the countries under the Satilite states or soviet control.
83
What does comecon stand for
COMECON stands for the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.
84
When was Comicon set up and why
-25 th January 1949
- direct opposition to the Marshall plan, ( although it was established 2 years after the marshal plan.)
85
what did comecon do
- Set up trade organisations between other Comicon members instead of non capitalist countries.
- After 1953 it also helped to with industrial planning across all satilite states.
-Trade with western Europe was discouraged
86
What happened to bulgarias trade deal after comicon
- Trade with other comicon members increased from 10% to 90% between 1930-1951
87
Who were the members
Founding members (1949): USSR, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania.
East Germany joined in 1950, and others later.
All members were communist countries under Soviet influence.
88
Why was it created COMICON
To prevent Eastern European countries from accepting U.S. Marshall Aid.
To strengthen economic ties between the USSR and its satellite states.
To make sure Soviet-style communism remained dominant in Eastern Europe.
To ensure Eastern Europe supported the USSR’s economy, especially after WWII.
89
What was given to each COMICON state
a 5 year plan, national industry and collectivized agriculture.
90
What did Starlin belive about germany
- It should be all one country under communisum.
91
WHY WAS GERMANY DIVIDED
Potsdam confrence in 1945 agreed to split into 4 zones each governed by diffrent superpowers
91
Who controled the peace in the 4 Zones
The ACC ( allied control commision) were on the streets of Germany
92
What were the diffrence in opinions of the Superpowers
- Germany wanted to use germany to strip it of its materials to rebuild the soviet union.
- Britain and the allies wanted to build back the German economy.
93
What when they tried to discuss the future of Germany and when was it
- March 1948
Soviets and Starlin stormed out.
94
What were the 2 stages of what happened to the Western Germany parts
- Firstly, USA and Britain desided to combine there zones together to get the "Bizonia" in 1947
- and then in March 1948 the French added there zone and it became the "Trizonia "
This also happened in Berlin
95
What happened in the economy of the trizonia
- The Trizonia created a new currency so that there could be economic stability and unity between the 3 zones
96
What was the new currency called in the trizonia
- The DEUTCHMARK
96
Why were the soviets upset about the new currency
- It created the soviet portion to be completly seperate from the rest, and this meant that there was a separation between East and West Germany.
97
What happened to tenstions after the formation of the "trizonia"
- Starlin beliveve that the West were "Ganging up on them" and this caused the major tentions and starlin became to become more determined to protect the soviet union
98
What was the Berlin Blockade
Starlin desided to shut of all the agreed road routes into berlin as they were positioned in the soviet controlled germany, the soviets had berlin completly surrounded.
99
What were the main causes of the Berlin Blockade?
Division of Germany: After WWII, Germany was divided into four occupation zones. The Western Allies merged their zones into Trizonia, while the USSR controlled the East.
Currency Reform: The introduction of the Deutsche Mark in the West angered Stalin, as it threatened the economic stability of the Soviet zone.
Ideological Conflict: The USSR aimed to spread communism, while the West sought to promote capitalism and democracy, leading to conflicting interests in Berlin.
100
What was Starlins aim of the Berin blockade
He wanted to show that a divided Germany would not succeed and with the travel routes blocked out the Western people of Berlin would starve
101
Why was the Berlin Blockade a good move for starlin
- If it Succeeded he would win the propaganda battle against the west.
- It would also put Truman in an embarrassing position after his recent speech about defending the world from communism.
- It may have caused the West to completely withdraw from the capital, this would have caused major signal to the people of Europe that the soviets could not be defeated and therefore neither could communism.
- Force through the border could be seen as a sign of war and direct military conflit draw. (The west would be seen as the agressor)
102
What was Opperation Vittles
-The code name for the mission of the Berlin airlift, to lift supplies into berlin without going forcibly through the blockades
103
What supplies were flown in to Berlin
-Coal
-Food
- Clothes
- Oil
- other nessesities
104
What happened in Operation Vittles
- Piolets from the west flew in supplies at a huge personal risk of being shot down, flew them into Berlinh
105
what were some of the risks of operation vittles for the piolets
- Being shot down
- Flying into weather Ballons
- Soviet air flights
106
Where did the planes land
- 1st - old airport with a new runway @berlin-templhof
2nd - @ New airport berlin - Tegel where the people and the military personal in berlin built a new airport and runway for these planes to land
107
What did Truman send to Britain and why
- He sent B-29 Bombers incase the soviets desided to attack and in that case they were within Bombing range.
108
What were the German attitudes towards the Soviet union and why
-They hated them due to the force and Brutility shown in the post WWII Germany by the soviet red army as revenge for the Nazi destruction of the soviet union
109
What did the poiloets do specialy for the children of berlkn
- Dropped sweets from the plains who were waiting outside of the airports
110
What did truman want berlin to be
A symbol of freedom
111
What were the advantages of withdrawing from berlin
- continued friendly relations with starlin
- Less lightly to have a war
112
What were the disadvantages of withdrawing from berlin
- Loose control
- Public Humiliation
- Suffering for the others
113
What were the advantages of Suppling Berlin by air
- No agression
- No foot war so less lightly to loose lives
- Deliver the supplies to Berlin
114
What were the disadvantages of Suppling Berlin by air
- Anger starlin
- Could cause a war but it would be starlin who provoked it
- Shoot the planes down
- Expensive
115
What were the advantages of driving through the blockade
- Supply berlin
- Shows western power and strength
116
What were the disadvantages of driving through the blockade
- Cause major death or harm
- start a war due to American aggression
- Going to be attacked and could only supply a finite amount of resources before war broke out.
117
What did the West do after the end of the blockade
- Formed a new country from their "Trizonia"
- The federal republic of Germany (West Germany)
118
Why was the Fedral republic of Germany special to the people
- They could elect there own parlement and were free to vote for who they wanted
119
What was the FRG Parlement called
The bundestag
120
Who was the first democratically elected Chancellor
- Konrad Adenaer
121
What was the new capital called and what happened to berlin
- Bonn was the capital
- West berlin is what it was called
122
What was the East German equivelent
German Democratic republic
123
When was the German democratic republic formed and why was it formed
- October 1949 response to the Federal republic of Germany
124
Was the german democratic republic recognised as a country
NO, only by the communist block each part of germany recognised themselves as the true germany
-It was only recognised in the 1970's as a country
125
When and why was NATO founded
April 1949
-In responce to the Soviet comicom and cominform
126
What was nato and who was in it
NATO
- North atlantic treaty organisation
-USA, UK, France,
9 others - Canada, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Portugal.
Later expanded to include West Germany (1955) and many others.
127
What did NATO do
A military alliance of Western capitalist countries, led by the USA.
Its aim was to defend members from attack, especially from the Soviet Union.
- If one country came under attack it was the job of all the other countries to attack as an alliance
128
What did Ernest beven say about the NATo alliance
- That the USA would welcome others but couldn't reach out to them directly and he erged European countries to reach out to America
129
Why was the warsaw pact created
- The federal republic of Germay (west Germany) was allowed to join NATO this increases fears as a NATO alliace was so close to them.
- They needed to do something so they created the warsaw pact.
130
What was the Warsaw pact and what was the Aim
A military alliance of Eastern communist countries.
Created in May 1955 in response to West Germany joining NATO.
Led by the USSR.
Aimed to defend the Eastern Bloc and cement Soviet control.
131
Which countries were in the Warsaw Pact?
USSR,
Poland,
Czechoslovakia,
Hungary,
Romania,
Bulgaria,
East Germany,
Albania (left in 1968).
All were communist countries under Soviet influence.
- These counties became known as the Eastern Bloc
132
What was the reprocusions for europe
- It was split into 2 camps
- East under soviet control and west under Capitalist control
133
How were tentions impacted because of the creation of the Warsaw pact
Increased military tension between East and West.
Solidified the division of Europe into two opposing alliances.
Allowed the USSR to justify military intervention (e.g. Hungary 1956, Czechoslovakia 1968).
134
How were tentions influences due to NATO
First military alliance of the Cold War.
Increased tensions with the USSR.
Made it clear that the West was prepared to resist Soviet expansion.
Led to the formation of the Warsaw Pact by the USSR.
135
How significant was the arms race and what did it mean for each country
- Highly significant as both wanted to have the best tech, this ment that they constantly pushed each other into developing new things eg - when the Soviets developed the A bomb the USA developed the Hydrogen bomb in resonce in order to have the better tech.
136
What did the USA develope after the H- Bomb
The ICBM (interconrtinental balistic missle)
137
What could the ICBM do and what was its purpouse
- It could a nuclear war head at a missle over 4,500 km away
138
What happened due to the Arms race
MAD - Mutually assured destruction if one launched on the other, the other would retaliate and both would suffer and there would be no winner.
139
Why did the arms race happen
-In order to prevent war as one side would want to have the most developed weponary.
140
what happened in 1953 for both the soviet union and the USA
Change in leadership
USA
- Eisenhower
- Soviet Union
- Khrushchev
141
What did the new leadership mean for both parites
- Both were open to more peace talks and hoped to improve relations
142
What happened in the Korea war
Both backed Diffrent sides
end of WWII Korea split into North and South and USA supported the south. North invaded the South to begin war and each superpower was backing the opponent.
143
What did eisenhowers campain target
Communisum
- the danger of nuclear wepons
- Want for better relations
- open to talk with the Soviet union
144
Why was there hope for better relations
- The Korean war had ended in July 1953
- Both knew that the constant development of arms was eating away at the budget and it would be good to reduce it.
145
why was the hope of better realations short lived
- 1955, west germany joined NATO and sparked the creation of the warsaw pact.
146
When was the Hungarian up rising
October 1956
147
Why were the people of hungary protesting and what happened
They wanted more political freedom and about the problems created by the poor food harvests.
- The police and the protesters clashed and casued major unrest.
148
How was the protests stopped
- It was crushed by the Soviet Red Army.
149
What was a consequence of the Hungarian uprising
The soviets removed Rakosi and replacd him with immre Naggy.
150
What did nagy do and what was he like
-He preposed reforms and he organised the government to contain Non- Communist party and ended the one party state.
- He ordered the immediate realise of political prisoners
-He also convinced Khrushchev to withdraw from hungry and Khrushchev agreed as long as it calmed the Unrest.
151
What caused the soviet red army to re enter Hungry
Nagy announces on 1 st November that he would leave the Warsaw pact
152
What were the reproductions of Nagy's announcement to leave the Warsaw pact
4 November 1956: USSR invades with 200,000 troops and tanks.
Thousands are killed or flee (200,000 refugees).
153
Why could Khruschev not allow Hungry to leave the warsaw pact
- It may cause the rest of the Eastern European countries to follow and cause the soviet union to become under threat as the pro- communist barrier will be torn down
154
What happened on the 4th November 1956
The soviet union rolled in with 100,000 tanks to retake control of Hungry. The Hungarians begged for the USA and western help but none came.
- 20,000 hungarians died
- A new communist goverment was set up under Janos Kadar
155
Why were Naggy and supporters supprised about the way Khrushev handeled things
-In the past he had been openly critical of Starlins policies so they thought he might be less harsh on the Satilite states
156
What happened to Naggy?
He took refuge in the yokaslav embasy and khrushev promised him safe passage out of the country but once he stepped outside of the embacy he was kidnapped and executed.
- July 1958 it was announced that he had been tried and that he was executed.
157
How did Khruchev Annouce his death and what did he say about it
- " a lesson to all leaders of a socialist countries"
158
What was the International reaction like to the Soviet invasion of Hungry
Western countries condemned the invasion but took no military action.
The USA gave moral support but was unwilling to risk war.
The UN condemned the USSR, but could not act due to Soviet veto power.
Result: The USSR strengthened its grip on Eastern Europe; the West looked unwilling to help.
159
What was Radio free Europe
- A US funder radio station that broadcasted messages to Eastern european countries to rise up against communisum.
160
How were the US viewed after the Hungarian uprising
Cowards, Hypocrites as they put there message out through radio free Europe but yet were still reluctant to help, encase the started another war.
161
Impact on Cold War Relations due to the hungarian uprising
USA lost credibility in Eastern Europe — people saw that the West would not physically support anti-Soviet revolts.
The Soviet Union made it clear it would crush any challenge to its authority in the Eastern Bloc. Showed Starlin's extreme power from the Warsaw pact and not expect USA military action.
Showed that Eastern Europe was firmly under Soviet control, despite Khrushchev’s earlier promises of de-Stalinisation.
- Destroyed the peace and co-operation of the Geneva talks in 1955.
162
How did the USA help through NATO
some NATO nations took in refugees
163
How did the USA defend there actions (2)
- They said that they did it in order to prevent nuclear war and conflict and MAD causing world suffering not just Hungary
- Also said that they were unable to stop it anyways as the US policy was containment this meant that they could only help to prevent new countries falling into the communist regime and not help to free existing ones.
164
