History Elizabeth 2 Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
What were the main 4 threats that Elizabeth faced during her reign in the beginning of the 1570s
A
English Catholics
-Mary Queen of Scots
- Spanish threat
-The Dutch revolt
2
Q
Why were the English Catholics a threat
A
- They were growing in power and wanted the country to return to the Og faith
-1570 The Pope had freed the English Catholics of there duty to the English Church
- 1574 Catholic Preists were smuggles into England from Europe to allow them to keep their faith
3
Q
Why Was MQOS a threat to Elizebeth
A
- Centre of many revolts to Overthrow E 1568
- Catholic and claim to the throne
- From a very powerful French family and had been married to French King Francis II
-Her family had set up A CATHOLIC LEAGUE against Protestantism in France that had supported Catholic plots against Eliz
4
Q
Why was Spain a Threat
A
- Powerful Catholic Nation
- Previously asked by the pope to Overthrow Henry 8 to get the English throne Back to Catholics
- Had gained lots of money and recourses due to the Colonisation of the Americas
5
Q
Why was the Dutch revolt a threat to Eliz
A
- Philips Control and the council of troubles and the persecution of Dutch protestants.
- Eliz help in the Sea beggars and the Genoese loan
- Eliz support of the protestant rebels caused the worsening of Anglo- Spanish relations.
6
Q
What sparked the revolt of the Northern Earls
A
Up north it was further from London and caused the spread of Catholicism to not be restricted
- When the Northern land was taken from the catholic lords and they began to loose power and influence in Elizebeths council in favour of lower ranking gentry that were Protestant.
7
Q
Why was Elizebeth threatened so significantly by the revolt of the Northern Earls
A
- The plots were focus on Mary who was an easy option to replace E as she was catholic and had a claim to the throne as well as being in England
- The Northern Earls had lost power and influence and were determined to take back their land.
- E refused to name an Heir and was scared that it would plunge England into Civil war.
- Wanted Catholicism restored in England
8
Q
Who were the Key players in the revolt of the Northern Earls
A
THOMAS PERCY - Earl of Northumberland
CHARLES NEVILLE - Earl of Westmolands
THOMAS HOWARD - Duke of Norfolk
MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS
JANE NEVIL
ANN PERCY
9
Q
Why was the Earl of Northumberland involved
A
- THOMAS PERCY
- He had lost the rights to a valuable copper mine on his lands to the Queen in 1567
- Catholic
- Had lost power and influence
10
Q
Why was the Earl of Westmorland involved
A
CHARLES NEVELLE
- Catholic
-Duke of Norfolk’s brother
11
Q
Did politics or Religion have a bigger part to play in the revolt of the northern earls
A
OWN OPPINION
- Both were significant and were important to the beginning of the revolt.
- But I think that politics was probably a greater ask and desire for power as the Duke of Norfolk was protestant and did it for power and influence and he was centre of the plot.
11
Q
Why was the Duke of Norlfok involved
A
THOMAS HOWARD
- He was meant to Mary MQOS
- Was Protestant but had links to the Catholic lords
- Disliked the newcomers like EARL OF LESTIRE
- Backed down at the end and told the Earls to back down.
12
Q
Why did Jane Nevil want the revolt and how did she help
A
- DUKE OF NORLFOKS SISTER
- If it was successful she would be Sister in Law to the Queen
- Encouraged her husband Earl of Westmorland to carryout the rebellion
13
Q
What role did religion play in the Revolt of the Northern Earls
A
- Elizebeth had very little control over the North as it was so far from london and largly didnt know what was happening there
- Elizebeth desided that she was going to Appoint a PROTESTANR ARCHBISHIOP OF DURAM IN 1561
- Elizebeth wanted to lessent the catholic influence in the North
PILKINGTON became one of her most important clergy men in the North
14
Q
What was Catholic reaction to PILKINGTON
A
- They didn’t like him or his ideas about the imposition of Protestantism
- Many Northerners Ignored him and England new religion
15
Q
What role did Politics play in the revolt of the Northern Earls
A
- Large one the earls felt that there land had been taken away in favour of less qualified Protestants
- Relations between the crown and E of Northumberland never repaired
- EN did not like the new upcomers that were given all of the power
-Elizabeth favoured Sir John Foster and gave him the responsibility of looking after the Scottish borders (Northumberland felt undermined by it)
- Cecil saw EN as a threat
16
Q
What was the significant of the revolt of the northern Earls
A
- Reprenented power form within the establishment and showcases the power that the newcomers had over the Queen
17
Q
Were Cecil and Dudley from ancient families
A
- No, unlike the Percy’s and the Nevills but they were closer to the queen that they were.
18
Q
Why did elizebeth not name an Heir
A
- It could plunge England into a civil war, if she named Mary this could cause ciliv war when she was alive or if she names a protestant no one was going to be happy.
- If she didnt name one and she dies it could cause civil war after she dies
19
Q
Why was Mary seen as the perfect heir
A
- Has children so the succession would continue
- Catholic
- Claim to the throne ( henry 8 great niece) Granddaughter of henry 8 sister.
- Could Mary the Duke of Norfolk and have protestant children as he was Protestant.
- Some were not happy with this proposed marriage as Mary would become protestant and rule as so.
20
Q
Why did people pull out of the revolt of the northern Earls
A
- It was not treason
- Noble marriges required the blessing of the queen
- Elizebeth made it clear the her marraige and the sucsession was a matter of the royal pergoitive
21
Q
Quote from a letter written by the spanish ambasador to king philip about the revolt of the northern earls
A
- “tell the ambassador that if his master will help me, I shall be queen of England in 3 months and mass shall be said all over the country.”
22
Q
Was the Spanish ambassador to England involved in the plot
A
- Yes, Mary recieved word that the spain would provide troops to helpo the rebellion
23
Q
When did Robert dudley the earl of lestire envolve Elizebeth in the plot
A
- Septemeber 1569
( the plot had become far more advanced than just Mary marrying the Duke of Norfolk)
24
What was the plan of the revolt of the northern Earls
1- Northumberland and Westmorland will raise troops from there lands in the north to take Durham cathedral
2-The rebel force will then march south towards London and join Norfolk
3- Several thousand Spanish troops land in Hartlepool and will overthrow any resistance
4- Norfolk and rebels overthrow the government and overthrow Elizbeth
6- Mary queen of scots will be freed and Marry the Duke of Norfolk and take the throne.
25
What were the key events of the revolt
1st November - Elizabeth knew and arrested the duke of Norfolk and sent him to the tower of London
- 14 th November the revels took durum and celebrated mass destroying all protestant symbols
Pilkington fled south
- Mass was celebrated all over the North East
- Rebels carried banners south
- E mover MQOS futher south to coventry to prevent her escape
- NO SPANISH SHIPS ARRRIVED
- elizebeth defeted the rebellion with her army of 14,000 men
26
What happened on the 9th Novemeber for the revolt of the northern Earls
- Northumberland rang bells declaring the start of the revolt Westmorland army was already assembled near Durham
27
What happened on the 13th Novemeber for the revolt of the northern Earls
Earl of Sussex began to raise his forces in the North to put down the rebellion in ELIZEBETHS NAME ( few were eilling to join them)
28
What happened on the 14th Novemeber for the revolt of the northern Earls
NORTHUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLANDS take the durham castle ad celebrate mass
29
What happened on the 16th Novemeber for the revolt of the northern Earls
Earl of Sussex writes to privy council saying that he doesnt have enough troops
30
What happened on the 22nd Novemeber for the revolt of the northern Earls
- East of the pennines and south of the brahm moor controlled by the rebels
31
What happened on the 30th Novemeber for the revolt of the northern Earls
Some rebels divert to hartlepool to pick up the spanish and seize he port but the Spanish never arrive
32
What happened on the 14 th December for the revolt of the northern Earls
Rebels take Barnard castle in Durham
33
What happened on the 16 th December for the revolt of the northern Earls
14,000 Elizebeths troops reach the river tees 5,400 rebels flee north
34
What happened on the 19 th December for the revolt of the northern Earls
Northumberland and Westmorland cross into Scotland and the rebellion is defeted
35
What were the consequences for the rebels and the nobels
- Elizebeth c=acted quickly and pubicaly vs the rebels
- Hesitated when it came to the nobels
- Faced a problem when came to MQOS
36
What was the problem of the punishment of MQOS for the revolt of the northern earls
-If she killed her it would be the death of an annonted monarch
- She would be executing the deposition of an anointed monarch but the Scottish and disrupt the divine right of kings
- Parliament and the court criticised Elizabeth indecisiveness about MQOS
- Other could and did explote MAry still being alive in future plots
37
What happpened in 1570 for elizebeth and the pope
- She was excommunicated and the pope called on the Catholics to depose her a s a monarch both in her country and other countries. the pope wanted another rebellion to get her of the throne.
38
What was the significance of the revolt of the Northern Earls
- First and most serious revolt against Elizabeth
- Treason laws became harsher
-Plot come from within her government
- Serious threat to Elizabeth and she understood the power that these revolts had and the causation of others to do the same.
-Ended the power and influence of the Nevil and the Percy family.
39
What is a paper bull
A written order issued by the pope-
40
What was the significance of the paper bull issued in 1570
- it put all English Catholics under suspicions
- Had to make a choice between following a political or spiritual leader
- Complete loyalty from English Catholics was no no longer possible.
41
What did the 1570 paper bull say
-Catholics all over the world need to depose Elizabeth as monarch
- Elizabeth was now excommunicated
42
What plot happened in 1571 and what was its significance
-The ridolfi plot
43
Who was part of the Ridolfi plot
- Pope Paul III ]
-MQOS
- Duke of Norlfolk
- Philip II Spain
- Duke of Alba
44
What was the plot of the ridolfi plot
- RIDOLFI
-An italian banker from florance who was the popes spy
- MQOS would marry the duke of Norfolk just like in the Northern earls
- Philip told alba to sent 10,000 men to england to help the revolt
45
How was radolfi envolved
- He arranged the plot to murder E
46
What happened in March 1581
Ridolfi left England to discus with the pope and Alba
- Ridolfi brought a signed letter by DON saying he was Catholic and would help to lead the rebellion if he supported it.
47
When and who discovered the plot Ridolfi
- William Cecil
- Autumn 1571
48
Whatr did he find and why was it important
- Letters that showed the Duke of Norfloks guilt
- High treason
49
Where was radolfi when the plot was uncovered
Abroad and never returned to england
50
What did parlement demand in may 1572 and what did E do
The death of the Duke of Norfolk and and MQOS
(signed for thedead of the DON) - held of MQOF and even refused to bar her from the line of sucksession
51
What was the significnce of the redolfi plot
- Reinforced the catholic threat abroad and home
- Reinforces the Spanish threat especially with Alba in the Netherlands
- increasing tensions of the Spanish and English.
- Elizabeth focused on improving relations with France
52
What was used to keep catholisisum alive during E reign
- Preists being smuggled in from Europe and smuggled all around the country staying with catholic families and hiding in Priest holes allowing catholics to celebrate mas
53
What were the consequences for being caught with a catholic preist
- £20 (bankrupt most families)
- Preists would be found and would be hung drawn and quartered
54
How would E catch preists
- GOV survalence on English catholics homes and raded suspect homed
55
What laws were passed in parlement about catholic preists ad when
1581
- Recusants would be finned £20
- Attempting to hide catholic priests was now treason
56
What plot happened in 1583
- The Throckmorton plot
57
When was the throckmorton plot
1583
58
What was the Throckmorton plot
- Plot for MQOS cousin the French duke of Guise to invade England, Free MQOS and overwthrow ELIZ
- Philip II provided Funding
- The pope knew of the plan and supported it
-A young English man Throckmorton acted as the go between for MQOS
-THEY WANTED TO RESTORE CATHOLISISUM TO ENGLAND
59
How was the throckmorton pllot discovered
- Sir Walsingham and his spy network discovered it
60
When did Walsimgham discover the plot
1583
61
When and why was throckmorton arrested
Nov 1583 and he was arrested as there were incriminating papers in his house. he was tourtured and confessed and was executed in MAY 1584
62
What is the significance of the Throckmorton plot
- emphasised the problem of the foreign powers of both France and Spain separately and together
- Showed the problem from within about the Catholic threat
- life became harder for English Catholics and rules became stricter
- Many Catholics fled England due to fear of preauction 11,000 were arrested or kept under house arrest
- Throckmorton had a lift of catholic sympathisers in England
- from 1585 sheltering a catholic priest was punishable by death.
63
Why did e;izebeth hesitate signing her death warant
- she wasnt sure how it would play politicaly woth diffrent catholics and countries
63
What was the plan of the babington plot
- centred around the Murder of ELIZ
- Duke of Guise will invade England with 60,000 men the funding of king philip II and the pope
-Anthonay babington catholic with french liniage ent mary info about the plot
- These letters were intersepted by walsinghams spys and read
- plot was discovered and the spy's continued to read the letters until they had enough evidence of al involved 6
- Walsingham arrested them all 6
- They were all hung drawn and quartered
- there had been too many plots to reject her guilt
64
-When did E sign MQOS death warnern
- Febuary 1587
65
When was MQOS executed
8th feb 1587
66
What was the significance of the Babington plot
- Complete deteriation of anglo spanish relations by 1585 - Duch rebels in the Netherlands and Catholics in England
- Determination to crush catholisium
- mass arrests of recusants 300 in the north of London
- 31 preists executed
- Marked the end of the use of MQOS to replace E as she was dead
67
what did "the act for the preservation of the Queens safety" say
-IfE was assasionated MQOS was barred from the line of sucsession
- Any attempted action vs MQOS would be allowed asfter a commision had triled her and founde her guilty
68
reason why MQOS was executed due to philip
- 1587 - phillip had planned andother attcak on the crown and England
- it became clear to the privy council members and MQOS needed to go
in Jan 1587 - rumors were spread that spanish had landed in wales and freed MQOS showing her importance and pivitol nature of the lone of sucsession
69
Why was Mary Queen of Scots execution significant?
- MAry could no longer pose an important threat to Elizebeth
- Marys execution gave Philip more of a reason to invade england
- Mary Queen of Scots left her title to Philip upon her death
70
When did walsingham become the secutasry of state
1573
71
What did Walsingham develop as part of his role and why was it important
- A network of spy's and key players at home and abroad
- played a crucial role in discovering plots against Elizabeth
72
Why was the spy network impressive
- it was not only trained spies but ordinary people that could be played for useful info
-range of spys and informants in every country
- He often used agents provocateurs who would embed themselves in the group who were under suspicion
73
Figure of Walsinghams spy network all over the world
- France 12
- Germany 9
- Spain 4
-Italy 3
74
How did walsingham hide his messages between his spys
- He used ciphers to hide his communications from others especialy those plotting to kill elizebeth
75
What was another source of informants
- The priest that they had captured from the home raides after they had been smuggles from Europe
- Walsingham used priests to provide inside info everyone was spayed on no one was above suspicion
-
76
What did walsimham not approve of
he didn't like tortured of catholic preists and it should only be used in serious conditions "without torture we shall not prevail"
77
What happened to the catholic preists that were captured
- not all were exectuted
- special prisons were built
78
What was the pacification of Ghent
A political agreement uniting the 17 provinces of the Netherlands (Catholic & Protestant) to oppose Spanish rule.
Key Goals:
Expel Spanish troops
Restore provincial autonomy
Promote (vague) religious tolerance
Context:
Signed after the brutal Spanish Fury (e.g., Sack of Antwerp)
Part of the Eighty Years' War against Spain
Reaction to harsh Spanish rule and religious persecution
Significance:
Rare unity across provinces
Turning point in Dutch Revolt
Unity soon broke: led to Union of Utrecht (north) & Union of Arras (south)
79
What was elizebths foriegn policy based upon
- England's lack of recourse and smaller amount of people than France or Spain and inability to pay for war and religious divisions
80
What weree the 4 main aims of Elizebeths foiren policy
- Developing and improving trade to boost the English economy
- The securely of England borders'- the security of the English throne
- Avoiding the war due to the lack of funding or recourses to go to war
81
Why were the english merhants intrested in the new world
-It had so much profit and benifits that it can bring England and the merchants
- Due to man ynew and valuable crops
- Sugar cane
- tabaco
- silver
82
What were the problems that faced the English merchants from expanding into the new world
- Spain controlled the netherlands and antwerp which controlled the main trading ports in to Europe for the English merchants
- Spain controlled much of the new world
- To trade in the new world you needed a trade licence from Spain which was very difficult to get
83
What did people do to get around the Spain problem
- Traded without a licence
- Some even attacked the Spanish ships in the Spanish ports
84
What was the problem for Philip
- He couldn't just ignore this challenge to his authority
85
What was the background of fransis drake
-English tradesman
- Made his money in the new world ridiculous wealth
- What he did was considered piracy to others mainly Spain
86
What did drake do in the west indies 1570 -71
west indies 1570 -71Captured cargo on numerous Spanish ships angered the spanish
87
What happened to drake in 1572
Made a privateer
88
What did Drake do to earn his title or with his title in the early stages
- E good return on investment
- Captures £40,000 of spanish silver in panama
89
What was the impct on anglo spanish relations
- It could have been tricky but was avoided
- Philip was furious about the idea of English piracy
- Both were trying to improve Anglo-Spanish relations at the time
- For this reason Elizabeth didnt welcome Drake home
- In private she was very impressed
90
When did Drake Return to England
- 1573
91
When did Drake set of again
November 1577What
92
What Were the official reasons why he set of again
- Sail a round trip of the south America
- Bring back silver, gold ,, other spices and any other valuables bakc to England
93
What Was the unoffical reasons why Drake set of again in Nov 1577
-To attack Spanish colonies in the new world
94
What happened to Anglo- Spanish relations in 1577
Worsened so Elizabeth needed wealth and wanted to disrupt Spanish economy and send a message of defiance to Philip how England will not be bossed around by Spain
95
What did Drake do to really put him on the map and when did he do it
- 1577-80
He was the first English man to ever do it and second person to ever do it
- major achievement as it was very dangerous
96
How many ships did he set out with and how many returned
- Set out with 5 and returned with 1 THE GOLDEN HIND
97
What were the outcomes of Drakes voyage
- He robbed spanish shups in the pacific and the caostline of chille and peru
- retuned with £400,000
- He profited, the investors and the crown majorly too
- Claimed a part of the new world (north california) as NEW ALBA in Elizebeth name
- He retuned and was Knighted on the deak of his ship The GOLDEN HIND
- Philip was outraged as he saw this a wrong as he saw Drake as just a pirate
98
What was the significance of Drakes actions
- Portrayed a strong message that England does not accept spain or anyo of her collonies
-Drake stole from spamish shipsa and funned the crown which was needed due to a time of possible war between the 2 nations and uncertainty
- Drakes circumnavigation brough England credit as a sea bearing nation that should be respected
- Elizabeth's very public Knighting and celebration of Drake infuriated the Spanish
99
What were the 2 main points of rivalry between countries
- Political and Religious
100
What causes the European nations to compete
- Land ( more land means more power, wealth and people)
101
Why were relgious difrences important
Protestants dont like catholics and vice versa
102
What Part did Alliances play
- Meant to mutually benifit both countries and if they were no longer useful they would just be broken
103
What alliance worried England the most
- The Spanish French alliance both catholic traditionally against England both were competing for the biggest European power but due to this it meant that both needed England as there ally in order to defeat the other
104
Why is Spain the better ally
-Elizbeth fleet could help protect the Spanish ships sailing in the channel to the Netherlands - under Spanish control
105
Why is France the better ally
- 1567 - Spanish Fighting Campaign against Dutch protestants
106
What did Elizabeth do about the Netherlands
-She didnt want to start war with Spain
-wanted the freedom of the netherlands philip challenged this causing h spark of the revolt
107
How did Elizebeth appy pressure
- Freinds with france
- Help to the duch rebels
- Encoraged the raiding of spanish ships
108
What did her friendly relations cause with france
duke of alencon marriage propsle - next inline to the french throne
109
Why was Alencon a good idea for marriage
- Alarm Philip
- Influence = better from England = good for the Netherlands
- She didn't want French to be to successful and rule France themselves
110
Why was Elizebeth reluctant to help the protestant rebles in the nethelands
- Didnt want war with Spain
- Help the dutch to get rid of their rightful monarch and philip might do the same to ELizebeth
- Coastly and Englands finances were not as strong as Spains
111
What were Spain like in 1576
-Bankrupt
112
What was the spanish fury
- the sacking of Antwewrp by the unpained spanish troops in the Netherlands
-
113
What caused the pascification of Ghent
- The Spanish fury
114
What was the pacification of Ghent and how was it caused
- All Spanish troops removed
- Political autonomy restored
- Freedom from religious persecution
- The unity of all 17 dutch provinces against the spanish both catholic and protstant
115
What did Elizebeth do to help the pacification of Ghent
- Sent £100,000
to the Dutch rebels as a loan
- And promised for a expeditionary force to be sent to the Netherlands to ensure that the pacification of Ghent was carried out
-
116
What happened after the pacification of Ghent
- less than 6 months philip II invaded again
- Elizabeth called on "john Casmir" to raise an army but not as a mercenary so that EN and SP were not at war 6,000 men volunteered
- Casmir's forces destroyed catholic churches ( ammunition for the Dutch protestant to make peace with Spain)
- E privy council persuaded her to intevine directly but she said no so the dutch looked to france to suppor the rebelion
117
What did Spain do in the Netherlands to effect the fighting 1579
- New military leader that was more effective and gave spain the upperhand
DUKE OF PANAMA
118
What is the international situation in 1578
- Spain = Broke
- The spanish army were loosing under DON JUAN
- France and England = Allys
- Dutch willaim oforange = very popular United pro and cath
-Duke of Alencon lead his army into the nethelands to fight the spanish
119
What is the international situation in 1579 diffrent to 1578
- Don Juan replaced by Duke of Parma = more sucseesful
- Casmirs army sacked he catholic churches
- Southern Dutch Catholics made peace with spain
- Duke of Alencon withdrew from the Netherlands
-
120
How were spains fortunes restored
- He gained Portugal and it empire of naval forces
121
What did Elizebeth do with Alencon and the netherlands
_ Gave him £70,000 in support of the Neterlands in 1581
- Encoraged him to go back in 1582 and he failed and returned to france in 1583
122
- What happened in 1584 that caiused a turning point in Anglo soanish relations
10 june 1584- Duke of alencon died
- 10 july William of Orange was assasinated
- Elizebeth was unsure if she should help the Dutch Privy council debated it form Autum 1584- summer 1585
123
WHat happened that made the decistion for Elizebeth about the Nethrlands in 1585
French catholic league signed the treaty of Joinville with Phillip II of Spain
124
What was the treat of Joinville
- 1585 King of france joined the Catholic league in the aim to rid France of Protestantism meaning that now it was effectivly Catholic france and spain against the protestant Netherlands
125
What were the consequences of the deaths of the duke of alencon and willaim of orange
- DUKE OF ALENCON
- heir to french throne was protestant but the creation od=f the catholic league stopped him
- Religious war in France = unstable ally for elizebeth = NO
- WILLAIM OF ORANGE
- easy to assassinate a leader
-Need for a leader of the Dutch protestants
- NO leader = S8panish rule so England was the next Spanish target
126
How and why did E change her foriegn policy
- She could no longer avoid direct intervention inthe netherlands
after the treaty of joinville
127
What was Elizebetsh solution to the Netherlands
The treaty of nonsuch
128
When the treaty of Nonsuch signed and what did it say
-10th August 1585
129
What was Elizebeth offered by the Dutch protestant rebels
-Soveenty of the NEtherlands E refused as it ment she needed to depose an anointed monarch
130
When was E offered Soverenty of the netherlands
- JUNE 1585
131
What was the treaty of nonsuch
Elizabeth agreed to intervene directly with the Netherlands ( direct war with Spain)
- Elizabeth would finance an army of 7,400 troops lead by the earl of leister Robert Dudley.
132
How was Drake involved in October 1585
- E sent drake to disrupt the flow of money and recourses to the spanish
133
What was Philips reaction to the Drake involvement in 1585
- Angered him and meant that Philip wrote to the pope saying that he planned to invade England in end 1585
134
What was the treaty of Berwick
- secured the English Scottish border allowing Elizebeth to be protected against the Scottish and focus on the Netherlands
- It said that would keep Protestantism in their country James I
- Both E and James I agreed that if the other country was invaded the other would support
135
Why was Robert dudly not a sucsess in the netherlands
- Elizebeth wanted peace talks with spain so didnt suppy enough funding or materils
- Dudley exeptd the title of GOVENOUR GENRAL OF THE NETHERANDS this means that E planned to depose king philip and she was furious with RD actions
- Dudley’s campaign lacked clear victories.
- English Capts were defecting to the Spanish and handing over control of land ( ZUTPHEN FORT)
and WILLAIM STANLEY appointed by Dudley
- The Dutch found it hard to trust Dudley after this
136
When was Dudley called back to england snd when did he go back again
- novemeber 1586
- June 1587
137
What was one of the major achevements of the English in the netherlands
- they kept spain from acsessing the major ports deep warter hich prevented the amarda form being sucsessful
138
What were the 3 reasons why the English involvements in the Netherlands were not effected
- never fully behind the rebels not enough support or funding and wanted to discuss with Spain
- Dudley and Elizabeth had different aims for the Netherlands
- E return to how it was governed in 1548
- Dudley
Liberate from the Spanish
- Relations between the Dutch leaders and E were poor due to lack of commitment
139
What was the singing of the king of soain s beard
- Drake over 3 days destroyed 30 ships from Philips Armarda and lots of supplys
- in a port in cadiz
- 19th April
140
what was Drakes aim in azores
- to seize spanish treure ships and take the silver and materilas
he only got one
141
What was the significance of the singing of the kings beard
- Drake managed to cause the Aarmarda to delay by 1 year
- bought England some time
- The Spanish had to stop building the armada to defend against drake.
