Hormones 1

Question 1

Role of male and female hormones: control

Answer 1

• reproductive function

- secondary sexual characteristics

Question 2

Male and female hormones are technically classified as

Answer 2

Steroids

Question 3

Male and female hormones are primarily produced by

Answer 3

Gonads

Question 4

A small amount of male and female hormones are produced here

Answer 4

Adrenal cortex (insignificant amts to produce physiologic effects

Question 5

Male hormones called

Answer 5

Androgens

Question 6

What are the two groups of female hormones?

Answer 6

• estrogens

- progestins

Question 7

Estrogens

Answer 7

• primarily estradiol

- usually referred to as estrogen

Question 8

Progestins

Answer 8

Progesterone

Question 9

Testosterone is made in the testes, regulated by

Answer 9

• LH
• FSH

**both anterior pituitary hormones

Question 10

What regulates LH and FSH?

Answer 10

Gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

GnRH

Question 11

What inhibits production of LH and FSH?

Answer 11

Increased testosterone in circulation (negative feedback)

Question 12

Testerone levels, generally are

Answer 12

• Fairly constant at all times

- Until aging process decreases production

Question 13

Testosterone replacement therapy: benefits

Answer 13

• body comp
• strength
• bone mineralization
• glucose metabolism
• mood
• libido

Question 14

Testosterone replacement therapy:

Risks

Answer 14

May have increased risk of prostate cancer

Question 15

Androgens can be administered medically for these, but are rarely the tx of choice by physicians

Answer 15

Conditions that involve:

• protein loss
• muscle catabolism

Question 16

Androgen use:

HIV pts

Answer 16

May increase

• lean body mass
• bone density

Limited success

Question 17

Androgen use:

Delayed puberty

Answer 17

• may be used short term to kick start puberty

- as long as no underlying pathology exists

Question 18

Androgen use:

Tumors

Answer 18

some limited use in hormone-sensitive tumors (certain cases of breast cancer in women

Question 19

Is it common to see androgens used for BC?

Answer 19

No, more likely to see antiestrogens for breast cancer

Question 20

Androgen use:

Anemia

Answer 20

• testosterone is a potent EPO stimulator

- other more direct drugs are preferable

Question 21

Androgen use:

What is hereditary angioedema (very basic)

Answer 21

Defect in clotting factors

Question 22

Androgen use:

With hereditary angioedema

Answer 22

• may be used prophylactically due to action on the liver

- restore clotting factors

Question 23

What is the big type of adverse effects with the clinical use of androgens

Answer 23

Masculinizing

Question 24

Androgen use: masculinizing effects on women

Answer 24

• hirsutism
• deepening voice
• enlarged external genitalia

Question 25

Androgen use: adverse effects on men

Answer 25

- bladder irritation - breast swelling/soreness - frequent or prolonged erections - increased risk of prostate cancer in older men

Question 26

Androgen use: adverse effects on children

Answer 26

- accelerated sexual maturation | - premature closure of epiphyseal plates

Question 27

Androgen use: adverse effects on children Premature closure of epiphyseal plates

Answer 27

- NOT reversible! | - decision to prescribe is not made lightly

Question 28

Androgen use: adverse effects in long term

Answer 28

- liver damage/carcinoma - HTN - fluid retention

Question 29

Androgen use: adverse effects Reversible or no?

Answer 29

Usually reversible - vocal changes in women persist - growth impairment in children is permanent

Question 30

What do antiandrogens do?

Answer 30

Inhibit synthesis or effects of androgen production

Question 31

Antiandrogens may be used in tx of (men)

Answer 31

- prostate cancer | - benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Question 32

What are the two most common antiandrogens used to treat prostate cancer or BPH?

Answer 32

- Propecia | - Avodart

Question 33

Which types of androgens are commonly abused?

Answer 33

Anabolic steroids

Question 34

Anabolic steroids used to

Answer 34

- enhance athletic performance | - increased muscle size and strength

Question 35

Androgen abuse: high school students

Answer 35

- increasingly seen in younger athletes - at least 6% of high school students admit to use - usu obtained illegally

Question 36

How do people use anabolic steroids to increase their effects?

Answer 36

Taken in a stacking schedule

Question 37

Aside from androgen abuse, what else do athletes often use to enhance performance?

Answer 37

- blood doping | - growth hormones

Question 38

Adverse effects of androgen abuse

Answer 38

- mood (roid rage) - liver damage - hepatic tumors - cardiomyopathy - arrhythmias - decreased HDL - changes in reproductive function