Study Guide 2

Question 1

What are the types of OP?

Answer 1

• Primary
• Secondary
• Transient OP of the hip

Question 2

What is primary OP?

Answer 2

• deterioration of bone mass, unassociated with other chronic illnesses or disease
• usu related to aging or menopause
• systemic, bilateral

Question 3

What is secondary OP?

Answer 3

OP caused by metabolic or endocrine disorders

Question 4

Transient OP of the hip:

• Onset
• Who gets it

Answer 4

• rare, idiopathic, transitory

- seen most commonly in middle aged men and pregnant women

Question 5

What is osteomalacia?

Answer 5

Softening of the bones

Question 6

What causes osteomalacia?

Answer 6

• Vit D deficiency

- lack of exposure to UV rays

Question 7

Ability to synthesize Vit D and age

Answer 7

Ability to synthesize Vit D through sunlight diminishes after age 40

Question 8

Osteomalacia: Looser’s transformation zones

Answer 8

Pseudofractures in areas of demineralization

Question 9

“Rickets” in children usually due to

Answer 9

Malnutrition

Question 10

What is rickets?

Answer 10

• causes bowing in the long bones

- due to malformation with epiphyseal plates

Question 11

What is Paget’s disease?

Answer 11

Disordered bone modeling caused by

• genetic factors
• viral infection

Question 12

What happens to the bones with Paget’s disease?

Answer 12

• produces larger, but weaker bones

- increased fx risk, deformity

Question 13

Which bones are affected with Paget’s disease?

Answer 13

Specific area, not systemic

• pelvis
• spine
• skull
• tibia

Question 14

Who is most at risk for getting OP?

Answer 14

• Women
• Over 60
• Caucasian

Question 15

What pharmacology is used to treat OP?

Answer 15

• Calcium supplements
• Vitamin D
• Bisphosphonates
• Estrogen therapy

Question 16

OP tx: calcium dosage

Answer 16

~ 1000 units per day

Question 17

OP tx: vitamin D dose

Answer 17

~ 2000 units/day

Question 18

OP tx: Bisphosphonates

When are they used and what are two examples?

Answer 18

• this is a 2nd tx option after supplementation is unsuccessful

Fosamax
Aredia

Question 19

What does Fosamax target?

Answer 19

Osteoclast activity

Question 20

Which patients will receive estrogen therapy to treat OP? Why?

Answer 20

• postmenopausal women
• oophorectomy

To preserve bone density

Question 21

Tx for OP pts?

Answer 21

• Exercise (strength, flex, balance)
• AD’s, bracing
• Sunlight
• Surgery
• Diet/supplements
• Smoking - STAHP
• Alcohol consumption - moderation

Question 22

FRAX =

Answer 22

• Fracture risk assessment (WHO)

- Aimed at preventing fractures

Question 23

When does OP screening begin for women?

Answer 23

Age 60

Question 24

DEXA =

Answer 24

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

Question 25

What does a DEXA NOT diagnose with respect to OP?

Answer 25

Doesn't dx fx's

Question 26

How many women over 60 will fall below normal bone mineral density T-score? What does this mean for them?

Answer 26

50% Candidates for medical tx

Question 27

Normal DEXA

Answer 27

-1.0 or higher

Question 28

Osteopenia DEXA

Answer 28

-1.0 » -2.5

Question 29

OP DEXA

Answer 29

Below -2.5