Study Guide 3

Question 1

Clinical s/s of water intoxication

Answer 1

• tumors, endocrine disorders
• N/V/D
• muscle cramps in athletes
• decreased mental alertness, confusion
• sleepiness
• anorexia
• poor motor control
• convulsions
• sudden weight gain
• hyperventilation
• warm, moist skin
• signs of increased intracerebral pressure
• mild peripheral edema
• low serum sodium and hematocrit

Question 2

What are the signs of increased intracerebral pressure?

Answer 2

• slow pulse
• increased systolic BP more than 10 mmHg
• decreased diastolic BP more than 10 mmHg

Question 3

What meds may contribute to edema?

Answer 3

Diuretics (usually thiazide)

Question 4

What do diuretics do to contribute to edema?

Answer 4

• inhibit Na+ and water resorption by kidneys

- show sx’s consistent with dehydration

Question 5

What is edema?

Answer 5

Volume excess with retention of fluid in interstitial spaces

Question 6

How many s/s of metabolic syndrome are needed for dx?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

What are the characteristics of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 7

• abdominal obesity
• atherogenic dyslipidemia
• elevated BP
• Insulin resistance or glucose intolerance
• Prothrombic state
• Proinflammatory state

Question 8

Proinflammatory state determined by:

Answer 8

C-reactive protein

Question 9

Metabolic alkalosis: blood pH

Answer 9

Above 7.45

Question 10

Metabolic Acidosis: blood pH

Answer 10

Under 7.35

Question 11

What is metabolic alkalosis usually caused by?

Answer 11

• excessive vomiting
• suctioning
• diuretics
• large quantity of antacids

Question 12

Clinical s/s of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 12

• nausea
• diarrhea
• confusion
• irritability
• agitation, restlessness
• muscle twitching, cramping, weakness
• paresthesia
• convulsions
• coma
• slow, shallow breathing

Question 13

Metabolic acidosis is usually caused by:

Answer 13

• smoke inhalation
• sepsis
• cardiopulmonary failure
• ETOH
• liver failure

Question 14

When does ketoacidosis occur with metabolic acidosis?

Answer 14

With failure of liver and/or kidneys

Question 15

Clinical s/s of metabolic acidosis

Answer 15

• HA
• fatigue
• drowsiness, lethargy
• N/V/D
• muscle twitch
• convulsions
• coma
• rapid, deep breathing (hyperventilation)

Question 16

What is gout?

Answer 16

• Inherited purine metabolism disorder

- Excess uric acid, which forms crystals in joints

Question 17

Gout: tophi

Answer 17

Subcutaneous sodium urate deposits

Question 18

What is pseudogout?

Answer 18

• arthritic condition
• calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals (CPPD)
• cartilage calcification

Question 19

How is pseudogout diagnosed?

Answer 19

Synovial fluid aspiration