Hormones

Question 1

Chondrogenesis.

Hormone is produced by?

Answer 1

Growth hormone

Acidophiles (anterior pituitary gland)

Question 2

Protein anabolism

Answer 2

Growth hormone
Acidophiles (anterior pituitary hormone)

Testosterone and DHT
leydigs cell (seminiferous tubules)

Question 3

Milk production in mammary gland
-is secreted by?

Answer 3

Prolactin
Acidophiles - anterior pituitary gland

Question 4

Stimulates gametogenesis

Answer 4

FSH
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

Question 5

Stimulates estrogen production

Answer 5

FSH
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

Question 6

Stimulates androgen-binding protein

Answer 6

FSH - sertoli cells
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

Question 7

Stimulates Ovulation

Answer 7

Luteinizing hormone
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

Question 8

Stimulates formation of corpus luteum

Answer 8

Luteinizing hormone
Basophiles- anterior pituitary gland

Question 9

Stimulates testosterone production

Answer 9

Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

Question 10

Produces cortisol

Answer 10

Zona fasciculata
Adrenal cortex - adrenal gland

Question 11

Stimulates zona fasciculata to produce cortisol

Answer 11

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) / corticotropin

Basophiles- anterior pituitary gland

Question 12

Produces T3 and T4

Answer 12

Thyroid gland (follicular cells)

Question 13

Stimulates thyroid to produce T3 and T4

Answer 13

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) /Thyrotropin
Basophiles - anterior pituitary gland

Question 14

Primary stress steroid hormone

Answer 14

Cortisol
Zona fasciculata - adrenal gland

Question 15

Inhibits prolactin release

Answer 15

Dopamine/prolactin-inhibiting hormone

Hypothalamus

Question 16

Inhibits release of growth hormone

Answer 16

Somatostatin
Hypothalamus

Question 17

Maintain high testosterone

Answer 17

Androgen-binding protein
Sertoli cells - tubules of testis

Question 18

Releases testosterone

Answer 18

Interstitial cells (leydig’s cell)
*Stimulated by LH

Question 19

When testosterone enters prostate gland, it is converted into?

Answer 19

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 20

Results to secondary female characteristics

Answer 20

Estrogen
GnRH -> FSH -> ovaries, adrenal gland, adipose tissues

Question 21

Hormone for Thickening of endometrial lining

Answer 21

Primarily Progesterone then estrogen
Corpus luteum - ovaries

Question 22

Responsible for decline in FSH during menstrual cycle

Answer 22

Increase in estrogen, progesterone, inhibin (PIE from corpus luteum)

Question 23

Hormone for Uterine contractions? Where is it produced?

Answer 23

Oxytocin

Produced by paraventricular nuclei
Stored in posterior pituitary gland

Question 24

Increases reabsorption of water in the renal tubules

Answer 24

Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin

Supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus

Question 25

Effect of antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin on arterioles

Answer 25

Constricts arterioles -> increases BP *h2o retention --> inc blood volume --> inc BP

Question 26

Neurotransmitter that inhibits motor

Answer 26

Dopamine - secreted by inhibitory neurons in the substantia nigra major inhibitory: GABA

Question 27

Regulates sleep

Answer 27

Melatonin -produced by pineal gland (epithalamus) -converted FROM serotonin

Question 28

Positive feedback: Stretching of cervix

Answer 28

Ferguson reflex. Stretching stimulates oxytocin release

Question 29

Increases reabsorption of water in the renal tubules

Answer 29

Antidiuretic hormone particularly in the distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts, collecting tubules Produced by supraoptic nuclei (hypothalamus) stored in the posterior pituitary gland *Aldosterone from zona glomerulosa

Question 30

Function of T3 and T4. Secreted by?

Answer 30

Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) increase 1. glucose breakdown, 2. fatty acid breakdown 3. Activity of epi 4. Metabolic function 5. Nervous system development 6. General body growth **Follicular cells of thyroid gland**

Question 31

DECREASES blood calcium levels and what secretes it

Answer 31

calcitonin from parafollicular cells of thyroid

Question 32

Major blood calcium regulator? Produced by?

Answer 32

Parathyroid hormone /parathormone / parathyrin produced by **chief cells in parathyroid gland**

Question 33

Parathormone effect

Answer 33

Increase calcium levels by 1. bone resorption 2. Increase calcitriol formation 3. Increase calcium tubular reabsorption in DCT Decrease blood phosphate levels by increasing phosphate tubular excretion

Question 34

End product of RAAS

Answer 34

Aldosterone -increases Na and H2O reabsorption in the CT/CD -increases K and H excretion in CT/CD -regulates blood pressure and blood volume

Question 35

Releases RENIN Explain RAAS

Answer 35

Juxtaglomerular cells Renin converts angiotensinogen (liver) to angiotensin I. ACE (lungs) convert I to angiotensin II. Angio II stimulates blood vessels to constrict (inc BP) and zona glomerulosa to release aldosterone (acts on renal tubules and vasoconstriction)

Question 36

Synthesise, stores and secretes catecholamines

Answer 36

Adrenal medulla (made up of chromaffin cells) Catecholamines: dopamine, norepi, epi (important for activation of sympathetic adrenergic receptors)

Question 37

Different cells of islets of langerhans (pancreas) and what they secrete

Answer 37

Alpha cells- glucagon Beta cells- insulin Delta cells- somatostatin Gamma cells- polypeptides

Question 38

Effect of GH to glucose

Answer 38

Increase! *Acromegaly

Question 39

Prevents milk secretion during pregnancy

Answer 39

High progesterone and estrogen After birth: decreased - no prevention - sucking - stimulates oxytocin production

Question 40

Structure that produces progesterone

Answer 40

Corpus luteum and placenta (2nd trimester)

Question 41

Hormones that can affect DCT of kidney? Collecting tubules and collecting ducts?

Answer 41

**DCT** Antidiuretic hormone - h2o reabsorption Parathyroid hormone - Ca reabsorption, PO4 excretion **CT/CD** Aldosterone - Na reab, K excretion ADH - h2o reab

Question 42

most important mediator of inflammation

Answer 42

histamine produced primarily by mast cells