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ProsthoMat Flashcards

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1
Q

Eugenol effect?
eugenol is extracted from?

A

obtundent effect / relief
from oil of cloves

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2
Q

more stable technique to soften the impression compound

A

dry heat - best for the material

water bath - more convenient, best for patient and dentist

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3
Q

elastic impression material with the least tear strength

A

Hydrocolloids

(reversible > irrev)

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4
Q

ability of material to change its form based on temperature

A

Hysteresis - only seen in reversible hydrocolloids (agar)
a. Liquefaction - gel to sol (boiling)
b. gelation - sol to gel

*imbibition - absorbs water
syneresis - releases water

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5
Q

components of reversible hydrocolloids? principal component

A

water (85%) - principal
agar (15%) (sometimes w/ borax)

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6
Q

effect of borax to dental materials

A

+gypsum = retarder
+agar = hardener

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7
Q

least dimensionally stable impression material, shortest setting time and least expensive

A

irreversible hydrocolloids (alginate)

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8
Q

components of irreversible hydrocolloids? principal component? major component?

A

sodium alginate/potassium alginate - reactor (major)
calcium sulfate - reactor
diatomaceous earth/silica - filler (50~% principal component)
sodium phosphate - retarder

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9
Q

ways to decrease setting time of alginate

A

increase water temp
mix rapidly
decrease water to powder ratio (thicker consistency)

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10
Q

1st elastomer (3 names)

A

polysulfide, mercaptan, thiokol

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11
Q

Composition of polysulfide

A

BASE - white
liquid poly sulfide polymer 80-85%
fillers - carbonate, silica, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfate, copper

ACCELERATOR - brown/gray
lead dioxide - 60-68% (an alternative will be hydroperoxide)
dibutyl phthalate - 30-35%
sulfur - 3%
others - 2%

lead dioxide causes stain and foul odor

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12
Q

characteristics of polysulfide

A

longest setting time (12 mins) foul odor in not usually tolerated
messy to work with (viscous and sticky)
stains and emits foul odor (lead dioxide)
greatest tear strength
hydrophobic

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13
Q

least dimensionally stable among the elastomers

A

condensation silicones / conventional silicones

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14
Q

Characteristics of condensation silicone

A

has a byproduct - ethyl alcohol –> can cause shrinkage
pleasant odor
hydrophobic
least dimensionally stable among the elastomers

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15
Q

composition of condensation silicone

A

BASE
polydimethyl siloxane
colloidal silica / metal oxide filler - 35 -75 %

ACCELERATOR
orthoethyl silicate - cross linking agent
stannous octoate - catalyst

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16
Q

composition of addition silicone (PVS)

A

BASE
poly (methyl hydrogen siloxane)
fillers
prepolymers

ACCELERATOR
divinyl polysiloxane
platinum salt - catalyst (chloroplatinic acid)
palladium - hydrogen absorber
retarders
fillers

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17
Q

characteristics of addition silicone

A

pleasant odor
excellent reproduction details
most dimensionally stable (up to 2 weeks)
hydrophobic
emits hydrogen gas
avoid latex gloves (contains sulfur) –> retards setting

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18
Q

plasticizer of polyether

A

glycoether or phthalate

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19
Q

cross linking agent of polyether? condensation silicone?

A

P - aromatic sulfonate ester
CS - orthoethyl silicate

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20
Q

characteristics of polyether

A

extremely stiff
very difficult to remove from mouth
hydrophilic
best compatibility with stone
very expensive

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21
Q

rank dimensional stability of elastomers

A

Addition silicone > polyether > polysulfide > condensation silicone

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22
Q

types of gypsum

A

type 1 - impression plaster
type 2 - dental plasters
type 3 - dental stone
type 4 - improved stone (die stone)
type 5 - high strength dental stone, high expansion

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23
Q

how is gypsum manufactured?

A

heating gypsum loses part of its water
calcium sulfate dihydrate –> calcium sulfate hemihydrate
calcination

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24
Q

differentiate the two hemihydrates

A

plaster - open kettle >100C - irregular particles, porous
stone - closed kettle or steamed under pressure > 100C - regular particles (prismatic), lesser porosity (denser)

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25
How to create improved type of stones
gypsum is calcined by boiling it in 30% calcium chloride --> very dense , lesser pores
26
gypsum accelerators
gypsum, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride (2%)
27
gypsum retarders
HIGH CONC of sodium chlodride (>2%) and sodium sulphate, borax acetates, citrates, tartrates, blood
28
increases the setting expansion of the gypsum
adding NaCl and ground gypsum
29
allowing the gypsum product to set while it is in contact with water
hygroscopic expansion
30
placing gypsum investment mould in a furnace at a temp lower than 700C
thermal expansion
31
linear expansion of gypsum during setting due to outward thrust of the growing crystals
setting expansion
32
allows investment material to expand
casting ring liner
33
a channel where metal or plastic can flow towards a mold
sprue *sprue former - wax, plastic or metal to possible create a sprue
34
attaching a sprue former into wax pattern and mounting it ina sprue base/ crucible former
Spruing
35
process of enveloping or covering an object in order to create a mold
investing
36
a ceramic material suitable for forming a mould into which a metal or alloy is cast. Components??
Investment material 1. binder (gypsum bonded -for gold alloys and other low fusing, phosphate bonded, silica-bonded) 2. refractory material - resists melting of the investmetn
37
flushing out of wax pattern and creating a mould. Place in a burn-out furnace
Burn-out
38
process of forming an object in a mould
casting
39
type of sprue that can cause casting porosity? incomplete casting?
casting porosity - short sprue incomplete casting - long sprue
40
zone of the flame used in casting dental alloys
reducing zone (torch flame)
41
Common natural waxes used to create dental waxes
**paraffin wax**, beeswax, carnauba wax
42
types of waxes and their uses
1. pattern wax - inlay, onlay, crowns, rpd wax 2. processing wax - boxing wax, sticky wax, utility wax 3. corrective wax - bite wax
43
Malleability vs ductility
malleability - ability to be hammered into thin sheets ductility - can be shaped without fracturing
44
noble metal that corrodes in the oral cavity
silver
45
it has the highest CTE/COTE among all dental materials
waxes
46
best way to prevent warpage of wax pattern
invest immediately; if unable, refrigerate --> then cool to room them before investing
47
Noble metals are used because they resist corrosion in the mouth. examples?
gold, platinum, palladium others: rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, silver
48
most malleable, most ductile, best restorative material, and has the closest properties to tooth
Gold
49
most common anti-flux
soft graphite pencil *to restrict flow of solder
50
ADA classificiation of dental alloys according to nobility
1. high noble metal alloys / Precious metal (>40% gold, >60% noble metal) 2. noble metal alloys (semi precious (>25% noble metal) 3. predominantly base metal / Non-precious (<25% noble metal)
51
Classification of dental alloys according to strength and percentage elongation
type 1 - soft : small inlays, class III, V type 2 - medium : large inlays, onlays type 3 - hard : crowns & bridges type 4 - extra hard : denture framework
52
resistance to breaking under compression? under tension? under horizontal forces?
compressive strength tensile strength shear strength
53
Stress value just above the proportion limit which there is permanent deformation (Dmf: most important, resistance to permanent deformation)
yield strength *ultimate strength - maximum stress before fracturing
54
high modulus of elasticity means
material is rigid/stiff
55
important for wear characteristics and finishing (UP: resistance to indentation)
hardness
56
change in length per 1 degree celsius change in temp
CTE
57
fusion temp for soldering
100 - 150 degree F
58
optimal space for solder
0.25mm
59
function of flux
improve flow of solder and dissolves oxides, prevent contamination
60
components of conventional dental porcelain
feldspar - principal component quartz - refractory skeleton that provides strength and hardness durinng firing Kaolin - binder
61
property that makes a material brittle
high compressive strength, low plastic deformation
62
three dimensions of color
Hue - color chroma - saturation of hue value - lightness / blackness / whiteness *value is the most important dimension in dental restorations*
63
best light source
sunlight / natural light (10am to 2pm)
64
phenomenon in which 2 objects appear to be the same color in a specific light source and appears different in another light source
metamerism
65
oldest luting cement
Zinc phosphate / Zn oxyphosphate / crown and bridge cement (ADA 8)
66
application of Zinc phosphate (ADA 8)
luting of restorations high strength base temporary restoration luting of orthodontic bands and brackets
67
characteristics of zinc phosphate cements (ADA 8)
mechanical retention (NO CHEMICAL BOND TO TOOTH) very acidic when freshly mixed (pH 3.5) rapid setting time
68
ADA spec of amalgam, inlay wax, gold
amalgam #1 inlay wax #4 gold #5
69
least irritating of all dental cements
zinc oxide eugenol (ADA 30)
70
solubility of set cement is highest among the cements
zinc oxide eugenol (ADA 30)
71
components of MODIFIED ZOE
zinc oxide eugenol **ethoxy benzoic acid (EBA)**
72
Classification of ZOE (ADA 30)
type 1 - temporary cement type 2 - permanent cement type 3 - temporary filling and thermal insulation (IRM) type 4 - cavity liners
73
characteristics of zinc oxide eugenol cements (ADA 30)
do not adhere well to enamel and dentin low strength highest solubility of set cement biocompatible (obtundent effect) excellent thermal insulator bacteriostatic inhibits polymerization of resin
74
seals dentinal tubules and inhibit resin setting
cavity varnish
75
liquid of zinc polycarboxylate (ADA 61)
polyacrylic acid or copolymer of acrylic acid
76
application of zinc polycarboxylate (ADA 61)
primarily as a luting cement base and liners
77
1st cement discovered that chemically bonds to tooth structure
zinc polycarboxylate (ADA 61)
78
characteristics of zinc polycarboxylate (ADA 61)
adheres to tooth structure mild pulpal response acidic (3 - 4) faster setting than zinc phosphate
79
components of silicate cements (ADA 9)
powder -silica liq - phosphoric acid
80
application of silicate cements (ADA 9)
esthetic resto of anterior teeth intermediate resto in px with HIGH CARIES rate
81
1st tooth colored cement and 1st fluoride releasing cement
silicate cements (ADA 9)
82
has the lowest CTE among any restorative material
silicate cements (ADA 9)
83
most acidic cement when freshly mixed
silicate cements (ADA 9)
84
most soluble cement within the first 24 - 48 hrs
silicate cements (ADA 9)
85
powder composition of GIC / aluminosilicate cement
silica - principal comp alumina alumina fluoride calcium fluoride sodium fluoride aluminum phosphate
86
liquid composition of GIC / aluminosilicate cement
polyacrylic acid - principal comp itaconic acid maleic acid tricarballylic acid tartaric acid water
87
least soluble cement
GIC *technique sensitive *sensitive to air and water
88
GIC classifications
type 1 - luting 2 - resto 3 - liners and base 4 - fissure sealants 5 - orthodontic cement 6 - core build up 7 - fluoride release 8 - ART 9 - pediatric purpose
89
Classes of articulators
1 - simple hinge - vertical motion 2 - standard mean value - horizontal and vertical but not oriented to TMJ 3 - semi-adjustable - stimulates condylar pathways (protrusion, lateral excursion) 4 - fully adjustable - 3 dimensional dynamic registration
90
arcon vs non-arcon artic
articulating condyle -upper member: mech fossa -lower member: mech condyle non-arcon -upper member: mech condyle -lower member: mech fossa Mx ang gumagalaw
91
Facebow records what?
Patients maxilla/hinge axis relationship. Mx arch to an anatomic reference **Arbitrary vs kinematic**
92
AVE Condylar angle
30
93
Used to approximate the condylar inclination
Protrusive record -produces christensens phenomenon
94
Used to determine the bennett angle
Lateral excursion record Ave of 15 degrees formed by the condyle on the balancing side
95
Used as reference to establish occlusal plane
Interpupillary line Camper's line (ala to tragus, foxplane)
96
Differentiate the compensating curves
Curve of spee - anteroposterior curve - md canine to buccal cusp of posterior teeth (steeper condylar inclination, steeper spee) Curve of wilson - mediolateral curve Monson curve - ideal curve for occlusion. Combination. Post teeth and incisal of anteriors are aligned within an 8 inches sphere with **glabella** as center
97
Space in between mx and md when the mandible is at rest
Freeway space = VDR - VDO 2-4mm average Aka interocclusal distance
98
Maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyle articulates with the thinnest avascular portion of disk with the complex in the most superior and anterior position against artitular eminence
Centric relation -purely rotational movement, no bearing ang tooth or VD -old der: most superior posterior position of condyle, ligament-related?
99
Complete intercuspation of opposing teeth independent of condylar position
Maximum intercuspal position
100
Occlusion of teeth when md is in CR
Centric occlusion
101
Position of the md at physiologic rest
Rest position - muscle guided position
102
Differentiate inflammatory papillary hyperplasia and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
Papillary - located at the palatal tissue, ill fitting denture kept at night, tx. Reconstruct denture/removal Fibrous -epulis, ill fitting denture
103
Types of patient
1. Philosophical - accepts dentist judgement and instruction 2. Exacting - methodical and demanding 3. Indifferent - doest care 4. Hysterical - emotionally unfit to wear dentures
104
Direction of ridge resorption
Mx - superior and posterior or superior and inward (constrict) Md - inferior and anterior or inferior and outward (widen)
105
What is the vibrating line
Imaginary line demarcating the movable and immovable tissues of soft palate
106
Posterior border of mx cd that puts pressure on the displaceable tissue near the junction of hard and soft palate
Posterior palatal seal (denture base) Seen in the cast as post dam
107
When to reline immediate denture
6months and 12 months (some sources: 5 and 10)
108
Burning sensation in md ridge may be due to? On the palatal area?
Pressure on mental foramen - md ridge Pressure on incisive foramen - palatal area
109
Clicking of denture teeth may be due to?
Excessive VDO, porcelain teeth, habit of patient
110
Causes of cheek biting
Not enough horizontal overlap of posterior teeth, insufficient VDO
111
What is kelly syndrome
Combination syndrome - completely edentulous mx - class I RPD Results to mx anterior segment resorption
112
mandibular major connectors
Lingual bar - 3-4 away from gingival margin, 4mm thick Lingual plate - kennedy blanket - less than 7 functional depth, high frenal attachment, extensive class I case Kennedy bar/continuous bar/ double lingual bar Labial bar - severe inclination Swing lock - major connector on both lingual and labial can be also called as 'labial bar'
113
Maxillary major connectors
Palatal strap - >=8mm thickness APPC - most commonly used Palatal plate - severe class I U-shaped/ horse-shoe - least desirable, least rigid type
114
Location of minor connectors
Embrasure
115
Components and dimensions of direct retainer
1. Retentive component - terminal/flexible 3rd - 0.5mm to 1mm; gingival 3rd Semi-rigid - 1.5mm Rigid - 2mm 2. Reciprocal component - junction of gingival 3rd and mid 3rd or above the survey line 3. Rest Occlusal - spoon shape/rounded triangular - 1/3 BL, 1/3 MD, 1.5 deep (molars) Cingulum - MD: 3mm, LL: 2mm, depth 1.5mm Incisal - MD: less than 2.5 mm, depth 1.5mm
116
Minimum encirclement of retentive clasp assembly
More than 180
117
Ante's law
Surface area of the roots of abutment teeth should equal or exceed the surface area of the roots of the teeth to be replaced
118
Biologic width
2.04mm JE : 0.97mm CT: 1.07mm
119
Best? Minimum? Optimum crown root ratio?
Best: 1:2 Minimum: 1:1 Optimum: 2:3
120
Preserved surface for 7/8 crowns
Mesiobuccal Mx premolars and 1st molars
121
Retraction cords
0.8% epinephrine causes vasoconstriction Potassium aluminum sulfate Aluminum chloride - if greater than 10% tissue destruction 40% zinc chloride - tissue necrosis Ferric sulfate - good hemostatic agent, discolors tissue temporarily
122
Pontics
Ridge lap Modified ridge lap Sanitary (fish belly, ferrel) Bullet/conical Ovate
123
Process of Changing the rubber base product into final rubber like material
Curing or vulcanization
124
Mercaptan is a compound containing
Sulfide group
125
Process of growing or lengthening of polymer bec of lead peroxide in the presence of sulfur
Polymerization (liq to solid)
126
Optimum thickness of material between the teeth and side of tray
2-3mm
127
Reactor used to polymerize silicone
Organic tin / tin octoate
128
Reactor in alginates
Calcium sulfate *alginate + calcium sulfate = calcium alginate
129
Oxidizing agents used in the polymerization of polysulfide impression material
Hydroperoxide Lead peroxide
130
Zinc polycarboxylate cement reaction
Chelation reaction

Need To Recall (19 decks)

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