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Resto Flashcards

1
Q

Indication for inlays

A

Caries not extending 1/3 of intercuspal width

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2
Q

Types of material used in inlays

A

Gold - 40 degree bevel at CSM, 30 degree gingival CSM (0.5mm to 1mm wide)

Porcelain - no bevel

Composite - no bevel

*Taper 2-5 degrees diverging occlusal

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3
Q

Discovered phosphoric acid as etchant

A

Buonocore (1955)

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4
Q

Sugar that prevents glucose from binding to cariogenic microorganisms

A

Xylitol - increases pH of saliva

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5
Q

Adhesive used by microorganisms to stick to the tooth?

A

Dextrans, levans

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6
Q

Shape of caries

A

Pit and fissure -most common
Enamel - base of triangle towards DEJ, apex towards occlusal
Dentin - base of triangle towards DEJ, apex towards pulp

Smooth surface
Enamel - base of triangle towards outer surface, apex towards DEJ
Dentin - base of triangle towards DEJ, apex towards pulp

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7
Q

Best preventive measure for pit and fissure caries? Smooth surface caries?

A

PFS
Smooth surface: flossing and fluoride

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8
Q

Most sensitive part of the tooth during cavity preparation

A

DEJ (hydrodynamic theory)

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9
Q

Most common site of proximal caries

A

Slightly below or gingival to the contact area

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10
Q

Retention, resistance, convenience form

A

Retention - resist displacement (converging walls)
Resistance - withstand masticatory forces (diverging/parallel mesial/distal walls, 90 degree CSM, flat pulpal floor, depth)
Convenience - ease of operation (1/3 of buccal cusp tip to lingual cusp tip)

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11
Q

Which permanent teeth is mostly subjected to accidental pulp exposure?

A

Mandibular 1st premolar (facial pulp horn)

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12
Q

Bevels in class II amalgam prep??

A

Axiopulpal line angle
Gingival cavosurface margin

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13
Q

Retentive feature of class II amalgam prep

A

Depth 1/2 the size of a 1/4 round bur: 0.25mm

At axiofacial line angle
Axiolingual line angle

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14
Q

Line angle vs point angle

A

Line angle - where two walls meet
Point angle - where three line angles meet

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15
Q

Difference of class ii gold inlay and class ii amalgam?

A

Buccal and lingual walls of gold: 2-5° diverging occlusally

Reverse bevel at the axiogingival line angle for gold (proximal lock) vs slightly rounded gingivo-axial line angle

Occlusal CSM: 40° gold, 90° amalgam
Proximal CSM: 40° g, 90° a
Gingival CSM: 30° g, 90° a (beveled 15-20°) for permanent

No bevel in deciduous!!! enamel rods at the cervical are oriented towards occlusal!

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16
Q

Best resto material for the restoration of the distolingual surface of canine?

A

Gold!

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17
Q

Best approach in preparing class III caries

A

Lingual

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18
Q

Retentive feature of class III

A

0.25mm or 1/2 of 1/4 round
Gingivoaxial and incidoaxial line angle

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19
Q

Orientation of walls of class V

A

Diverging!!! You see all the walls

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20
Q

What is class VI (SIMON)

A

incidal edge of anterior teeth or cusp of posterior teeth

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21
Q

What is a cervical burnout

A

Radiolucency Found below the cej on the root due anatomic variation or a gap between enamel and bone covering the root (roots are concave)

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22
Q

Caries that progressed just into the DEJ

A

Frank caries

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23
Q

Other term for root caries

A

Senile caries - associated with aging due to gingival resorption
Decrease coronal caries (sclerotic dentin formation)

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24
Q

Zone of carious enamel

A

Translucent zone -deepest
Dark zone -zone of remineralization
Body zone -largest zone -demineralized zone
Surface zone -outer most, unaffected by carious lesion

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25
Zone of carious dentin
Normal dentin - no bacteria Subtransparent Transparent - demineralized softened dentin but no bacteria in tubules Turbid dentin - zone of bacterial invasion, remove Infected - outermost carious zone with numerous microorg, remove
26
Where is the fastest progression of caries?
DEJ Enamel vs dentin: dentin - less mineralized
27
Common bleaching agent in dentistry
Hydrogen peroxide ~30% (tx: vitamin E) Sodium perborate Light activated/inactive: carbamide peroxide
28
Movement of fluid through small channel or porous material
Percolation
29
Setting of amalgam via?
Crystallization 24hrs for complete setting
30
Mercury to alloy ratio
Traditional is 8:5 but high mercury was associated with extensive expansion (we only want minimal expansion for sealing) **Eame's technique** 1:1 Modern dentistry <1: 1 or <50:50
31
Amalgam composition
Silver, copper, tin, mercury, zinc Silver and copper ⬇️ working time and creep, ⬆️expansion and strength (copper decreases corrosion) Tin ⬆️ working time and creep ⬇️ expansion and strength Mercury (must be <50%) ⬆️ working time and creep, expansion ⬇️ strength Produces different phases Zinc ⬆️⬆️ expansion when contaminated Prevents oxidation; acts as scavenger for oxides ⬆️ shelf life
32
Types of amalgam alloy particles, pros and cons
Spherical - less condensation force needed, faster working time Admixed - more condensation force needed, easier to carve Irregular - irregular shape particles (lathe-cut particles)
33
Which amalgam alloy needs the most amount of mercury?
Irregular - more spaces need to be filled by mercury Spherical - least amount of mercury
34
Phases of amalgam reaction
Gamma phase (30% of amalgam) silver + tin alloy Strongest and corrodes least Gamma-one phase (60% of amalgam) Silver + mercury Second strongest phase Gamma-two phase (10%) Tin + mercury Weakest and softest Corrodes the most Prone to microporosities **Copper-tin phase** Decreased corrosion Replaces gamma-two phase
35
Type of amalgam that almost completely eliminates gamma-two phase
**High copper amalgam (>9% to 30% copper)** Remember: Low copper amalgam (<6% copper)
36
Increased expansion of amalgam is related to:
Increase mercury Short trituration time Decrease condensation pressure (less mercury moves up, more mercury content) Increase particle size Moisture contamination (zinc)
37
Gradual time-dependent dimensional change due to constant stress
Creep
38
Chemical reactions between amalgam and local environment
Tarnish - thin layer of corrosion at the top of restoration, loss of luster of amalgam Corrosion - formation of oxides resulting in weakening of the metal
39
Advantage of corrosion byproducts of amalgam
Increased sealing properties Ex. Tin sulfide
40
Process of mixing an alloy with mercury
Trituration Undertriturated - dull, rough, grainy, low strength Properly triturated - shiny, wet, homogenous, optimal strength Overtriturated - wet, sticky appearance, moderate strength
41
What is the procedure in which amalgam is rubbed using the index finger and the thumb
Mulling
42
Most common cause of amalgam chipping during carving
Carving after working time
43
When there is ditching of amalgam resto, when is it indicated for replacement?
> 0.5mm depth of ditch
44
How do you prevent ditching when amalgam carving
Resting the sharp instrument on the cusp while carving
45
Distance from the margin of the mesial and distal wall to proximal surface must not be less than
Premolar: 1.6mm Molars: 2mm
46
Most difficult tooth to adapt a matrix band
Mesial of maxillary 1st premolar due to the mesial developmental depression
47
Why is the matrix band extended occlusally when restoring class II cavities
To allow for overfilling
48
Working end of cutting instrument is called? Non-cutting instrument?
Blade - cutting instrument Nib - non-cutting instrument Face - working surface of the nib or end part of nib
49
Four unit formula for cutting instruments
W A L A 1st number - Width of blade (#÷10 = mm) 2nd number - angle of cutting edge: always > 50% (#% x 360) 3rd number - Length of blade (mm) 4th number - angle of blade: always less than 50% (#% x360)
50
Three unit formula
W L A W A L A 1st number - Width of blade (#÷10 = mm) 2nd number - Length of blade (mm) 3rd number - angle of blade: always less than 50% (#% x360) Remember: for 3 unit formula, the **Cutting edge angle is 90°**
51
Used mainly to remove caries and refine internal walls of preparation
Excavators
52
Creates retentive features, sharpening internal line angles
Ordinary hatchets
53
For planing walls Sharpening line angles especially in class iii and class v direct gold
Hoe
54
Sharpening line angles Creating retentive features Enamel margin beveling Combination of **gingival margin trimmer and chisel** Mono angled only
Angle former
55
Amalgam carving Caries removal Can be bin-angled or tripled angled
Cleioid and discoid (spoons)
56
Types of chisel: carpenter's chisel
Straight chisel
57
Type of chisel: Wedelstaedt design
Slightly curved chisel
58
Double angled chisel
Bin-angled
59
For cutting and planing enamel surfaces
Enamel hatchets
60
For beveling gingival enamel margins
Gingival marginal trimmer
61
Most common filler used in composites
Colloidal silica
62
Most common coupling agent
Silane
63
Most common Resin matrix? Discovered by? Others?
BIS-GMA: bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bowen, 1962) UEDMA: urethane dimethacrylate TEGDMA: triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
64
Effect of filler material to polymerization shrinkage
High filler (packable) = less PS Less filler (flowable) = more PS
65
Increment for composite
2-3mm
66
Curing time for composite
2 cycles of 20 secs *Faster the polymerization, the greater the shrinkage *Darker shade needs more curing time
67
Used to polish composites
Aluminum oxide
68
Used to polish amalgam
Tin oxide Zinc oxide
69
Used to produce radiopacity (to provide contrast against secondary caries)
Barium Zinc Boron Zirconium Yttrium
70
Substances that inhibit polymerization
Eugenol (oil of cloves) Cavity varnish
71
Greatest disadvantage of polymerization
Shrinkage
72
Ratio of bonded surfaces to the unbonded surfaces
Configuration factor (c-factor) Lower c factor, lower p.shrinkage, lower risk for debonding and microleakage
73
C factor of cavity preps
I - 5:1 (5) II - 4:2 (2) III - 3:3 (1) IV - 2:4 (0.5) V - 5:1 (5)
74
Purpose of etching
Reduce microleakage Create microporosities for micromechanical retention Removes smear layer Conserves tooth structure Increases surface energy which promotes wetting and adhesion Cleanses surface
75
Used for etching or conditioning
37% phosphoric acid (most common) EDTA maleic acid Citric acid
76
Beveling prior to etching is recommended due to:
Reduces microleakage Improves esthetics Improves bond strength (by exposing enamel rods) Increases surface area
77
Critical pH of dentin
6.2
78
Discolored, corroded, superficial layer frequently seen on the surface of a dental amalgam resto is most likely a ____
Sulfide
79
Latin name for enamel
Substantia adamantina
80
Latin name for dentin
Substantia ebornea
81
Latin name for cementum
Substantia ossea
82
inhibitor of polymerization to prolong shelf life of monomer
hydroquinone (iba function neto sa developer -brings out contrast)
83
initiator of heat cure polymer
benzoyl peroxide
84
initiator of self cure polymer
bezoyl peroxide
85
initiator of composite resin
benzoin methyl ether (use UV light) Camphorquinone (visible light?)
86
composition of dental amalgam alloys
silver - 70% tin - 26% copper - 3-5% zinc 1%

Need To Recall (19 decks)

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