Flashcards in Hypertension General Deck (33):
1
____% of australians over 25 have HTN?
30%
2
does BP increase with age?
Yes, Systolic/pulse pressure more so
3
Definition of HTN?
>140/90mmHg
4
What is primary HTN? what %?
no identifiable cause 90-95%
5
what is secondary HTN? what %?
has a cause. 5-10%
6
what is 'benign' HTN?
slow rise, doesn't get crazy high
7
what is malignant HTN?
rapid rise in BP
8
2 forces that control BP?
Cardiac output: SV, HR, Volume
Arteriole resistance
9
what happens to aorta in age related change?
decreased elastin,
increased collagen in intima
10
age related change in small/medium arteries?
fragmented elastin,
intimal thickening due to collagen
calcification
11
what commonly happens in arterioles with age related changes?
hyaline arteriolosclerosis (glassy)
12
what is hyaline arteriolosclerosis?
deposition of plasma proteins in vessel walls
13
does HTN have a single gene defect?
Nope. Very Polygenic
14
HTN multifactorial such as?
Lifestyle
age, gender race
15
who has lower blood pressure? premenopausal, age-matched males, post menopausal?
premenopausal
16
How do you get wide pulse pressure? 2 main reasons
decreased compliance of aorta
increased stroke volume
17
secondary HTN causes? 5 main?
Renal
Endocrine: from tumours over producing
vascular
medication
other: OSA, preg
18
Does atherosclerosis cause hypertension?
In some circumstances
19
main problem that essential HTN causes?
LV hypertrophy
20
What can happen with HTN in:
large/medium arteries?
Circle of Willis?
arterioles?
atherosclerosis/aortic dissection
berry aneurysm
hyaline arteriolosclerosis
21
main vessel defect in aneurysm is because of weakening of?
media
22
Where is the blood in an aortic dissection?
in the media
23
Does a reduced LV chamber size cause cardiac failure
Nope.
24
why is the kidney sensitive to HTN?
unprotected glomerulus
25
what can hyaline arteriolosclerosis cause chronically?
ischaemia/tubular necrosis
26
what is a marker of severity of chronic kidney disease?
proteinuria
27
What's the most common cause of HTN induced kidney infarct?
atheroemboli: cholesterol crystal
28
two things that can happen in brain with HTN? 3 things
infarct from hyaline arteriolosclerosis
intracerebral haemorrhage
berry aneurysm
29
what happens in retina with HTN?
AV nipping, exudates, ischaemia, haemorrhages
30
complication of malignant HTN usually arise which structures?
smaller arteries/arterioles
31
2 vessel effects of malignant hypertension?
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
fibrinoid necrosis/thrombosis
32
What can happen to brain with malignant hypertension?
encephalopathy
33