Flashcards in Glomerular Diseases Deck (39):
1
normal glomerulus what is NOT filtered out?
RBCs
proteins
2
in tubules, what are NOT reabsorbed?
creatinine
urea
3
capillary lining of endothelium in glomerulus is special how?
large fenestrated endothelium
podocytes
4
what so special about the basement membrane in glomerulus?
negatively charge Type IV collagen
5
3 types of cells in glomerulus are?
endothelial: lining
mesangial: contractile: stalk
epithelium: podocytes
6
what is dropsy?
severe proteinuria and you get crazy full body swelling
7
which protein is lost in proteinuria? how much?
albumin 3-4 g/day
8
why do swell in proteinuria?
not enough proteins in vessels to generate oncotic pressure of fluid back into vessels so all fluid just leaks out into tissues
9
3 reasons why proteins stay in glomerulus?
1. negative charged BM
2. Physical structure of Type IV collagen
3. proteins in slit membranes (Nephrin)
10
Finnish subpopulation have a defect in Nephrin which causes what?
protein leakage from birth in urine
11
What is Alport syndrome?
mutated collagen IV subtype in BM = proteinuria
12
4 common reasons for proteinuria?
DMII
glomerulonephritis
amyloid deposition
Nephrin deficiency
13
Acute renal 'failure' refers specifically to what?
decrease GFR = reduced creatinine clearance
increased serum urea and creatinine
14
renal causes of acute renal failure? 4 main?
acute tubular necrosis
acute glomerulonephritis
acute interstitial nephritis
other. eg. vascular disease
15
Glomerulonephritis one or group of conditions? most often due to what?
group of conditions
immune mediated: immune complex deposition
16
Is there Glomerulonephritis without immune complexes?
yes. rare: pauci-immune
17
Acute Glomerulonephritis acute or chronic?
Can be both
18
Acute Glomerulonephritis cause?
post-streptococcal GN
19
Chronic Glomerulonephritis cause?
IgA nephropathy
20
what do you get if you get severe necrosis from acute Glomerulonephritis ?
crescents
21
What's most common form of Glomerulonephritis in Australia?
IgA nephropathy
22
in Glomerulonephritis , how do glomeruli react?
BM new layers: spikes/protrusions
cell proliferation
inflammatory cell arrival
23
How many glomeruli are affected in diffuse or global?
ALL OF THEM!
24
Lots of what in Acute post-infectious Glomerulonephritis ?
neutrophils
IgG clumps on BM
25
what else can cause acute Glomerulonephritis besides post strep immune complexes?
antibiotic reaction
26
4 tools for diagnosis of Glomerulonephritis?
clinical findings
light microscopy
immunostains
electron microscopy
27
Glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosis histologically?
immune complex deposition in glomeruli
28
IgA nephropathy have immune complexes where?
mesangium
29
immune complexes deposit where in membranous nephropathy?
outer aspect of basement membrane
30
What is a Crescent in the glomerulus made of?
exuded fibrin, monocytes and podocytes
31
are crescents specific for one form of GN?
Nope, any response to severe injury
32
Injury to Gl progression
Necrotizing lesions
sclerosing lesions
sclerotic ball without capillaries
33
Does Glomerulonephritis resolve completely?
Some acute
34
Which Glomerulonephritis progress to chronic?
Lupus, HIV due to continued stimulus
35
Does IgA nephropathy have good prognosis?
Used to be yes. Now, not so much due to immune complex deposition
36
Is Diabetec nephropathy due to autoimmune?
Nope: hyperglycemia
37
what is THE most common cause of end stage renal failure?
Diabetec nephropathy
38
What renal features of early and late Diabetec nephropathy?
early: protein leakage/nephrotic syndrome
late: chronic renal failure
39