Immunizations Flashcards
What’s active immunity?
Protection that’s produced by the persons own immune system.
Active immunity is produced by fighting infection and receiving vaccination
What does the fed law req that all pts getting vaccines receive?
Most up-to-date version of the Vaccine Info Statement (VIS) b4 each vaccine is admin
What’s passive immunity?
Protection produced by an animal or human and transferred to a human, usually by inj
This wanes w/in a few wks or months
What’s the most common form of passive immunity?
Antibodies an infant receives from the mother
What’s live attenuated vaccine?
Also called weakened vaccines are produced by modifying a dx-producing “wild” virus or bacterium in a lab.
They retain ability to replicate (grow) and produce immunity, but don’t cause illnes
What’s inactivated vaccine?
Can be composed of either whole viruses or bacteria or fractions of either
How long after giving vaccine should we wait b4 giving antibody?
2 wks
How long after giving antibody should we wait b4 giving vaccine? Exception?
Wait 3 months (may be up to 11 months) b4 giving vaccine
Zoster vaccine - not affected by circulating antibody
Advantages of simultaneous vaccine admin? CI to simultaneous vaccine admin?
Increases probability that the child will be fully immunized at the appropriate age
No! There are no CI
Which vaccines are non-simultaneous admin? How long do u wait btw admin?
Live parenteral (injected) vaccines e.g MMR, MMRV, varicella, zoster and yellow fever)
Separate by at least 4 wks from
Live Intranasal or influenza vaccine (LAIV)
Effect of increasing interval btw multi-dose vaccine?
It may delay more complete protection, but not effectiveness
Effect of decreasing interval btw multi-dose vaccine?
May interfere with antibody response and protection
When’s a shorter dosing interval used for Multi-dose vaccines?
Following a high risk exposure
What’s the preferred method to avoid a false negative response to the TB skin test?
Purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin + live vaccines
If a live vaccine has been recently given, but not on the same day as the PPD, how long should u wait to avoid a false negative TB test result?
4 wks
List the categories that vaccine SEs or ADRs fall into?
Local
Systemic
Allergic
What’re the most common type of ADRs that are local rxns?
Pain
Swelling
Redness at site of inj
What’re the most common type of ADRs that are systemic rxns?
Generalized events and include
Fever,
Malaise
Myalgia (muscle pain)
Headache
Loss of appetite
When does systemic rxns typically occur!
Usually 7-12 days after vaccine (ie, after an incubation period of the vaccine virus))
What’s Intranasal LAIV? Implication?
Cold adapted vaccine ie can replicate in cooler temp of upper airways (nose and throat), but not in the higher temp of the lower airways and lungs
Mild cold-like sx eg runny nose may occur
How can anaphylactic rxn be prevented?
By good screening prior to vaccination
What’re the most common type of ADRs that are anaphylactic?
Mediated by IgE
S/sx:
Generalized urticaria (hives) Swelling of the mouth and throat Difficulty breathing Wheezing Abdominal cramping Hypotension Shock
Where should clinically significant AEs be reported to?
FDA vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS)
What must all providers that provide vaccine have?
Emergency protocols + supplies to treat anaphylaxis
