Infectious Disease - Actinomycosis

Question 1

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative disease caused by
anaerobic bacteria called?

Answer 1

Actinomycetes israelii.

Question 2

Depending upon the
anatomic location of lesions, actinomycosis is of 4 types which are?

Answer 2

1. cervicofacial
2. thoracic
3. abdominal
4. pelvic

Question 3

the commonest form of actinomyces is?

Answer 3

Cervicofacial actinomycosis. This is the commonest form (60%) and has the best prognosis.

Question 3

Actinomycetes is not an opportunistic harmless commensal, true or false?

Answer 3

false, it is.

Question 4

is actinomycosis a subacute to chronic fungal infection?

Answer 4

no, it is a subacute to chronic bacterial infection.

Question 5

Actinomycosis is characterized by?

Answer 5

Contiguous spread, suppurative and granulomatous inflammation.

Question 6

Actinomycosis is characterized by formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that may discharge?

Answer 6

Sulphur granules

Question 7

Actinomycosis is caused by a non-spore forming anaerobic or microaerophilic bacterial species of the genus?

Answer 7

Actinomyces

Question 8

Actinomycosis is caused by a spore forming anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria. True or false?

Answer 8

false

Question 9

Actinomycosis is caused by a non-spore forming anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria. True or false

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Actinomycosis is caused by a non-spore forming aerobic or microaerophilic bacteria. True or false

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Actinomycosis is caused by a spore forming aerobic or microaerophilic bacteria. True or false

Answer 11

false

Question 12

The actinomyces are gram ………… organisms, closely related to …………. ?

Answer 12

Positive
Nocardia

Question 13

How many species of actinomyces may cause disease in humans?

Answer 13

6 which include?
1. A. Isreali
2. A. Naeslundii
3. A. Odontolyticus
4. A. Viscosus
5. A. Meyeri
6. A. gerencseria

Question 14

Pathogenic actinomyces exist freely, true or false?

Answer 14

false

Question 15

Actinomyces are commensals and normal inhabitants of?

Answer 15

1. Oropharynx
2. GIT
3. Female genital tract

Question 16

List the documented external environmental reservoirs of actinomyces?

Answer 16

NO EXTERNAL ENVIROMENTAL RESERVOIR SUCH
AS THE SOIL OR STRAW HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED

Question 17

List 4 routes of actinomyces infection?

Answer 17

1. Break in GIT mucosa from the mouth to the anus.
2. Break in the vaginal mucosa, presence of IU contraception device.
3. aspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric content into the lungs.
4. Less commonly hematogenous dissemination.

Question 18

How does cervico-facial actinomycosis present?

Answer 18

it presents with acute painful pyogenic abscesses with discharging sinuses, which may cause periostitis or osteomyelitis of facial bone.

Question 19

Thoracic actinomycosis may involve what organs and parts of the body?

Answer 19

1. Lungs
2. Pleura
3. Mediastinum
4. Chest wall

Question 20

Actinomycosis often mimic ………….. and …………. by presenting with cough, low grade fever, weight loss, chest pain and mass.

Answer 20

Pulmonary TB
Malignancy

Question 21

List 5 conditions that can be confused with abdominal actinomycosis?

Answer 21

1. intestinal TB
2. Ameboma
3. Chronic appendicitis
4. Regional Ileitis
5. Carcinoma of the Caecum.

Question 22

List 5 presentations of CNS actinomycosis?

Answer 22

1. Brain abscess
2. Meningitis
3. Meningoencephalitis
4. Subdural empyema
5. Actinomycoma

Question 23

………….. accounts for 75% of CNS cases?

Answer 23

Brain abscess

Question 24

Fever is present in less than 50% of patients with ........... actinomycosis?

Answer 24

CNS

Question 25

Implantation of actinomyces into damaged tissue leads to the development of?

Answer 25

Chronic indurated suppurative infection.

Question 26

Draining sinuses, fibrosis and chronic indurated suppurative infection are all a result of?

Answer 26

Implantation of actinomyces into damaged tissue.

Question 27

activation of TH17 reaction is due to?

Answer 27

implantation of actinomyces into damaged tissues.

Question 28

Actinomyces grow in microscopic or macroscopic clusters of tangled filaments surrounded by .............. in tissues?

Answer 28

Neutrophils

Question 29

Regarding the pathogenesis of actinomyces; there is subacute and chronic inflammation and extensive fibrosis with granulation tissue and often discharging sinus. True or False?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Giant cells and caseous necrosis are seen in pathogenesis of actinomyces?

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

Describe Sulphur granules?

Answer 31

Clusters of actinomyces that exude from tissues through sinuses, pale yellow in color.

Question 32

List 4 other disease conditions with sulphur granules?

Answer 32

1. Nocardiosis 2. Chromomycosis 3. Eumycetoma 4. Botryomycosis

Question 33

Diagnosis of actinomyces is accurately made by isolating the organism in clinical specimen; describe one method?

Answer 33

Demonstration of actinomycotic granule in exudate or H&E stained histological sections of tissues not connected to hollow organs.

Question 34

List the treatment modalities for actinomyces?

Answer 34

1. Antibiotics for 2-6 months (penicillin G, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, imipenem, cephalosporins and streptomycin) 2. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy.