Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers - Ebola Virus Disease

Question 1

VHFs are caused by highly infectious viral agents which are CDC category “…..” agents

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Examples of viruses in the family ARENAVIRIDAE include?

Answer 2

LASSA VIRUS
JUNIN VIRUS,
MACHUPO VIRUS
SABIÁ VIRUS
GUANARITO VIRUS

Question 3

Examples of viruses in the family FILOVIRIDAE include?

Answer 3

EBOLA VIRUS AND MARBURG VIRUS

Question 4

Examples of viruses in the family BUNYAVIRIDAE include?

Answer 4

HANTAVIRUS
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (CCHF) VIRUS

Question 5

Examples of viruses in the family FLAVIVIRIDAE include?

Answer 5

DENGUE AND YELLOW FEVER

Question 6

Ebola viral hemorrhagic fever is caused by Ebola virus, a ……..?

Answer 6

Non-segmented, negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus

Question 7

Ebola virus is a member of the …….. family?

Answer 7

Filoviridae

Question 8

Ebola hemorrhagic fever was first noted in…… in the year……?

Answer 8

Zaire, now democratic republic of Congo

1976

Question 9

About Ebola virus, a national outbreak is considered to be over when …. days has elapsed since the last patient in isolation became laboratory negative for EVD

Answer 9

42 days (double the 21 day incubation period of the Ebola virus)

Question 10

The incubation period of Ebola virus is?

Answer 10

2 to 21 days (most cases 8 to 12 days)

Question 11

Ebola virus enters the patient through?

Answer 11

Mucous membrane, breaks in h to e skin or parenterally

Question 12

Anout Ebola virus, It then migrates from the initial infection site to ……… and subsequently to the ……., ……. and ………?

Answer 12

Regional lymph nodes
Liver spleen adrenal gland

Question 13

Ebola virus infects many cell types including?

Answer 13

Monocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Endothelial cells
Fibroblasts
Hepatocytes
Adrenal cortical cells
Epithelial cells

Question 14

Although not infected by Ebola virus, …….. undergo ……… resulting in decreased lymphocyte counts

Answer 14

Lymphocytes
Apoptosis

Question 15

In Ebola virus disease, hepatocellular necrosis occur and is associated with………. and subsequent ……..?

Answer 15

Dysregulation of clotting factors
Coagulopathy

Question 16

In Ebola virus disease, ………… occur and is associated with Dysregulation of clotting factors and subsequent coagulopathy?

Answer 16

hepatocellular necrosis

Question 17

In Ebola virus disease, adrenocortical necrosis can be found and is associated with?

Answer 17

Hypotension and impaired steroid synthesis

Question 18

In Ebola virus disease, ………… can be found and is associated with Hypotension and impaired steroid synthesis

Answer 18

adrenocortical necrosis

Question 19

Ebola virus appears to trigger a release of ………… with
subsequent …………. and ……… Ultimately resulting in multi-organ
failure and shock

Answer 19

Pro-Inflammatory cytokines

Vascular leakage

Impairment of clotting

Question 20

Early symptoms of Ebola virus infection include?

Answer 20

Arthritic pain
Backache (low-back pain)
Chills
Diarrhea
Fatigue
Fever
Headache
Malaise (general feeling of being unwell)
Nausea
Sore throat
Vomiting

Question 21

Late symptoms of Ebola virus infection include?

Answer 21

Bleeding from eyes, ears, and nose
Bleeding from the mouth and rectum (gastrointestinal bleeding)
Depression
Eye inflammation (conjunctivitis)
Genital swelling (labia and scrotum)
Increased feeling of pain in skin
Rash over the entire body that often contains blood (hemorrhagic)
Roof of mouth looks red
Seizures, coma, delirium

Question 22

About Ebola virus disease, As many as 90% of patients die from the disease. Patients usually die from ……?

Answer 22

shock rather than from blood loss

Question 23

Diagnosis is Ebola virus disease within few days after symptoms begin is by?

Answer 23

1. Antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing
2. IGM ELISA
3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) virus isolation

Question 24

Diagnosis is Ebola virus disease later in the disease course or after recovery is by?

Answer 24

IgG and IgM antibodies

Question 25

Diagnosis is Ebola virus disease in deceased patients is by?

Answer 25

1. Immunohistochemistry testing 2. PCR 3. Virus isolation

Question 26

Other laboratory findings in Ebola virus disease are?

Answer 26

1. Leukopenia 2. Platelet counts are often decreased in the range of 50,000 to 100,000 3. Serum amylase maybe elevated reflecting pancreatic involvement (inflammation/infection) 4. Hepatic transaminases are elevated with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) exceeding alanine aminotransferase 5. Proteinuria maybe present 6. Prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times are prolonged and fibrin degradation products are elevated consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation