Infectious/Fungal Flashcards
(414 cards)
1
Q
What is the rate of movement of the larva migrans in strongyloides (larva currens?)
A
5-10cm/h
2
Q
Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color: white
A
Nocardia
3
Q
Riettsialpox: bacteria and vector
A
R. akari & vector: mouse mite (Liponyssodies sanguineus)
4
Q
Treatment for Rhinoscleroma
A
Cipro
5
Q
Tick vector for Boutonneuse fever
A
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
6
Q
Treatment for African sleeping sickness
A
Suramin Or Pentamidine
7
Q
Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by which bacteria
A
Chlamydia trachomatis
8
Q
Vector of Epidemic Typhus
A
Body louse (Pediculosis humanus var. corporis)
9
Q
Fever, arthritis, ulceration of the site of the bite, associated with rash, acral distribution
A
Ratbite/Haverhill fever (streptobacillus moniliformis)
10
Q
Glossina spp.
A
Tsetse fly - vector in sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)
11
Q
What do you add to amphotericin B to help treat crypto?
A
Flucytosine
12
Q
Describe the three leprosy reaction states and what you treat each with
A
Type 1 - reversal reaction (upgrading downgrading) - Steroids Type 2- E. Nodosum leprosum -Thalidomide Type 3 - Lucio reaction - vasculitis - Steroids
13
Q
how many weeks after primary stage of syphilis does secondary stage happen?
A
9 weeks
14
Q
Verruga paruana
A
The chronic stage of Oroya fever
15
Q
First stage -indurated chancre, resolves, fevers, anular erythematous patches, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, then second stage of daytime somnolence
A
Sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis)
16
Q
White islands in a sea of red
A
Dengue fever
17
Q
Another name for Frambesia
A
Yaws
18
Q
What does the hobo spider look like?
A
Herringbone striped pattern on the abdomen
19
Q
Patient with TB gets a deep nodule over the cervical lymph node
A
Scrofuloderma (seen in a sensitized host with low immunity) *route is contiguous spread from underlying lymphadenitis
20
Q
Most common organism causing Majocchis granuloma
A
T. Rubrum
21
Q
what stage syphilis is the maculopapular rash?
A
second
22
Q
What do you treat a Type II leprosy reaction state with?
A
Thalidomide
23
Q
Bacteria causing Oroya fever
A
Bartonella bacilliformis
24
Q
Gram stain “school of fish”
A
Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)
25
Treatment for Tinea Capitis
Griseofulvin 25mg
26
What causes MRSA to be resistant?
(PBP2a) Altered penicillin binding protein. Resulting from the mecA gene
27
R. akari
Rickettsialpox
28
Which deep fungal infection resembles molluscum in an HIV patient?
Coccidiomycosis
29
Name the four conditions associated with Bartonella infection
1.Ororya fever (fever, hemolytic anemia) 2. Cat scratch disease (lymphadenitis after cat scratch) 3. Bacillary Angiomatosis (lots of PGs, in HIV pts) 4. Trench fever (relapsing fever, sore shins, back pain, transient rash)
30
inflammatory skin plaque in the urinary tract which turns into a weeping or polypoid mass
Malakoplakia
31
Vector for Bacillary angiomatosis
lice, ticks, fleas
32
Undulant fever
Brucellosis
33
Fever, HA, myalgias, rash that spreads from hands and feet onto the body
RMSF
34
Name the pneumonic for fluorescent ectothrix
Cats (M. Canus) And (M. Audouninii) Dogs (M. Distortum) Fight (M. Ferrugineum) & Growl (M. Gypsum) Sometimes (T. Schoenleinii)
35
Which organism causes Favus?
T. Schoenleinii
36
Hebra nose
Rhinoscleroma
37
One to few erythematous papules at inoculation site which disappears, then new smaller lesions spread symmetrically over the body, finally can get gum at a, keratoderma, midfacial distruction
Yaws
38
Treatment for Lobomycosis
Surgical excision (antifungals are ineffective)
39
Winter bottoms sign associated with what tropical disease?
African sleeping sickness(African trypanosomiasis) caused by the tstste fly glossina spp
40
On what part of the hand do you usually find erosio interdigitalis blastomycosis?
Fingers - 3rd webspace Toes - 4th webspace
41
Acrodermatitis chronic atrophic and
Loss of subcutaneous fat w/thin atrophic skin associated with Lyme disease
42
What three diseases does the Ixodes Scapularis tick cause?
Lyme disease Babesiosis Erlichiosis (human granulocytic)
43
Name some infections (besides syphilis) that you use penicillin to treat with?
Haverhill fever/Rat bite fever Leptospirosis
44
Treatment for Haverhill/rat bite fever
Penicillin
45
A gardener gets a subcutaneous nodule, which ulcerates and then begins spreading up his leg. What is this? What does it look like on path? What is the treatment?
Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis Sporothirx asteroid body (yeast cell with surrounding eosinophilic fringe Treat with SSKI (supersaturated potassium iodide) \*side note: the treatment for non lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis is just itraconazole
46
formal name of the BROWN DOG TICK
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
47
Tick causing Lyme disease in the wester US
Ixodes pacificus
48
stage of syphilis: mucous patches
second
49
What route is military tuberculosis spread?
Hematogenous
50
What wavelength does ectothrix fungi flouresce at?
365nm (365nm - earth, on a mercury (mercury) lamp made of nickel chromium oxide (planets) filter
51
What bacteria causes Rhinoscleroma
Klebsiella Pneumonia
52
Tender nodule on guy who cleans out fish tanks
Mycobacterium marinum
53
stage of syphilus: condyloma lata
second
54
What organism causes black Piedra?
Piedraia hortae
55
Name the findings of the second stage of syphilus
Maculopapular rash Condyloma lata Lues maligna alopecia mucous patches
56
You can get Parinaud-oculoglandular syndrome from what three conditions?
Sarcoidosis Tularemia Cat Scratch Disease (bartonella)
57
Non-venereal treponemal infection with white vitiligo-like lesions on the face, hands, wrists
Pinta (carate) caused by treponema carateum
58
Most common cause of tinea capitis
T. Tonsurans
59
A child comes home from school after being treated for a lice breakout in his school and he has a seizure. What was the drug he was most likely treated with?
Lindane
60
Thrombiculid
Chiggar mite which is a vector for Scrub Typhus
61
Bacteria causing Trench fever
Bartonella quintana
62
What two conditions do you treat with Streptomycin?
Tularemia and the Plague
63
Tiny blue-red papules which become crusted, seen mainly in infants or immunosuppressed patients, associated with TB
Military tuberculosis
64
Treatment for meningococcemia
High dose IV PCN or third gen cephalosporin
65
Bartonella infection associated with fever in Peru
Oroya fever
66
Treatment for Rat-bite/Haverhill fever
Streptomycin
67
Soft ticks - ornithodoros are the vector for what disease?
Tick-born relapsing fever
68
What is OVERALL (serologic, treponemal, nontreponemal, path stains ect) most sensitive and specific test to detect PRIMARY syphilis?
Darkfield microscropy \*treponemal tests (FTA-ABS and MHA-TP) are the most sensitive and specific SEROLOGIC tests And the \*nontreponemal tests (VDRL AND RPR) are the serologic tests used to track progress of treatment
69
Trichphytan concentricum causes:
Tinea Imbricata
70
What kind of virus is HCV, and what other diseases are caused by it?
Flavivirus -also causes Dengue fever and Yellow fever (RNA virus)
71
Which stain stains dematiaceous (pigment producing) fungi? Like Tinea Nigra
Fontana-Masson
72
What do you treat a Type I leprosy reaction state with?
Steroid (treat type II with Thalidomide)
73
What stain identifies spirochetes of syphilis?
Warthin Starry stain
74
R. Tsutsugamushi
Scrub Typhus
75
treatment for leishmaniasis
pentavalent antimonial (sodium stibogluconate)
76
Which syphilis tests become nonreactive over time, and especially after treatment?
The non-treponemal test (RPR, VDRL)
77
C. Tenuis VS C. Minutissimum - which one causes erythrasma and which one causes trichomycosis axillaris?
C. Minutissimum causes erythrasma C. Tenuis causes trichomycosis axillaris
78
How often does the head louse: Feed? Lay eggs?
Feeds every 4-6 hours Lays eggs every 5-10 days
79
What three antibodies become positive after infection with Group A Strep?
Antistreptolysin O (ASO), anti-hyaluronidase, anti-DNAse B
80
what stage of syphilis is the chancre?
primary stage
81
Organism causing Pinta (carate)
Treponema carateum
82
fistulous tract in the groin plus von hansemann cells and michaelis-gutmann bodies
Malakoplakia
83
Mikulicz cell, Russel bodies
Rhinoscleroma
84
Influenza is caused by what kind of virus?
Orthomyxovirus (RNA)
85
Name the two types of treponemal tests for syphilis
FTA-ABS MHA-TP \*RPR and VDRL are NONtreponemal serologic tests
86
stage of syphilis: cardiovascular
tertiary
87
Michaelis-Guptmann bodies (von-Hansemann cells)
Malakoplakia
88
Dengue fever is caused by what kind of virus?
Flavivirus (RNA)
89
What two bacteria is the body louse (Pediculus humanus) a vector for?
Bartonella quintana (Trench fever) & Rickettsiae prowazekii (Endemic Typhus)
90
Treatment for general and non-general treponematoses
Benzathine PCN
91
R. Typhi
Endemic Typhus
92
Treatment for Malakoplakia
Cipro and surgical removal
93
Name two examples of gram positive rods
Corynebacteria and Anthrax
94
Measles and mumps are what kind of virus?
Paramyxovirus
95
What do you treat erysipelas with?
Penicillin
96
first, a fever and a hemolytic anemia then, erythematous papules and nodules which resol\ve spontaneously
Oroya fever
97
A person being treated for lepromatous leprosy has a severe reaction during treatment and develops vasculitis (E nodosum leprosum). What to treat with?
Thalidomide
98
Solitary red purple nodule on the finger or multiple cherry red nodules at site of inoculation -working with cows and baby calves
Milkers nodule - Parapox
99
What two conditions does t. Mentag cause
Bullous tinea and white superficial spreading onychomycosis
100
What nerve is commonly affected in early disseminated Lyme disease
Facial nerve
101
Painless subcutaneous papule which ulcerates with painful, beefy, red granulation tissue
Granuloma inguinale
102
Rabies caused by which kind of virus
Rhabdovirus
103
Organism causing endemic syphilis (Bejel disease)
Treponema pallidum (endemicum subtype)
104
Potential side effect of Pyrethrin lice treatment?
Allergy in person who is allergic to ragweed or cysanthemum (bc pryrethrin is made from crysanathemum)
105
Vector for cat scratch disease?
cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)
106
Treatment for onchocerciasis
Ivermectin or DEC (which causes the Mazzoti reaction)
107
Another name for Guinea worm disease
Dracunculiasis
108
culture medium used to diagnose leishmaniasis
Novy-McNeal-Nicolle
109
What other condition do coccidomycosis lesions in an HIV patient resemble?
Molluscum
110
What is scytalidium dimidatium and what do you treat it with?
The black nail! A dematiaceous (pigmented) fungus, treat with itraconazole
111
Finding in Lyme disease: loss of subcutaneous fate with thin atrophic skin
Acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans
112
What pigment producing chemical in psuedomonas produces the brown black pigment in pseudomonas?
Pyomelanin
113
Treatment for blastomycosis and also paracoccidio (South American blastomycosis)
Oral antifungal like itraconazole/ketoconazole
114
Subcutaneous inflammatory nodule with ulceration on posterior calves
Erythema induratum (Bazin)
115
Most common type of white superficial spreading onychomycosis
T. Mentag. (But in HIV patients, T rubrum is the most common for white superficial spreading)
116
Ulcerated nodule at inoculated site with regional lymphadenopathy, plus little nodules along the lymph nodes -nasal septal perforation
Glanders (\*and those little buds along side the lypmh nodes are called farcy buds)
117
Name the live attenuated viruses
Influenza nasal spray Measles Mumps Rubella BCG Yellow fever Polio oral Typhoid oral
118
People with HLA-DQ1 are more likely to form which type of leprosy?
Lepromatous (TH2 response)
119
What does the Warthin Starry stain detecT?
Syphilis spirochetes
120
Which antifungal can cause drug induced LE?
Terbinafine and Griseofulvin
121
R. Prowazekii
Epidemic Typhus (Louse born)
122
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Rat-Bite fever
123
What do you treat Oroya fever with?
Chloramphenicol
124
What does R. conorri cause?
Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever)
125
Name two diseases that the body louse (Pediculus humanus) is a vector for:
Trench fever & Endemic typhus
126
What is a favorable sign in pulmonary coccidiomycosis?
Erythema nodosum
127
stage of syphilis: neurosyphilus
tertiary
128
Chlamydia trachomatis
Lymphogranuloma venereum
129
Mexican who is harvesting chicle gum in the forest gets a ulceration on his ear.
Chiclets ulcer - caused by new world Leichmaniasis
130
The plaque is transmitted by what animal
flea bites
131
What type of virus is Orf caused by?
Parapox
132
What bacteria causes syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
133
Flea borne Typhus
Endemic Typhus
134
Recurrent meningitis patients may have a defect in what cellular pathway component
C5-9
135
Treatment for the plague
Streptomycin
136
Tick borne relapsing fever caused by what vector
Soft ticks - ornithodoros
137
A patient has sore shins, relapsing fever, back pain, transient rash
Trench fever
138
What is the most common gram negative infection that we deal with in dermatology in the US?
Pseudomonas
139
Which atypical mycobacterium are photochromagens? (Pigmentation on exposure to light)
M. Kansasii M. Mariunum M. Simiae \*monkey swim in kansas in the summer
140
Treatment for Chagas' disease
Nitrofurtimox/benznidazole
141
Treatment for vibrio
Doxycycline
142
Vector for Endemic Typhus
Rat flea (Xenopsylla Cheops) \* Everything is bigger EN teXas)
143
PPD positive how many days after exposure?
2-10 weeks
144
Burkholderia mallei
Glanders
145
Difference between Ecthyma and Ecthyma Gangrenosum
Ecthyma is a strep infection - treat with dicloxacillin Ecthyma gangrenosum is a pseudomonal infection - treat with IV amminoglycoside
146
Malta fever
Brucellosis
147
Name the three photochromagen atypical mycobacteria
M. Kansasii M. Marinum M. Simiae \*monkey swim in kansas in the sun
148
What is different about the clinical presentation of scabies in kids vs adults?
Can see it on the scalp and face in kids
149
Warthin-Starry stain
Bacillary Angiomatosis
150
Treatment for Glanders
Streptomycin
151
What to treat erythrasma with? And what is it caused by
Caused by corynebacterium minutissimum and you treat with topical clindamycin
152
Treatment for Tularemia
Streptomycin
153
Ketoconazole - fungistatic or fungicidal?\>
Fungistatic
154
Buruli ulcer
M. Ulcerans (atypical mycobacteria) presents as a growing ulcer on the abdomen of a child in Africa. Treatment is excision
155
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospirosis
156
Bacteria causing Granuloma inguinale
Calymmatobacterium granulomatosis (related to Klebsiella)
157
Treatment for Cryptococcus?
Amphotericin B +/- flucytosine
158
Painful pretibial plaques
Leptospirosis
159
what infectious disease do hunters get?
Tularemia
160
Gram negative intracellular bacteria Transmitted by insects Adheres to and invades erythrocytes
Bartonella
161
Which types of Leichmaniasis cause Visceral (Kala-azar)?
L. Donovani L. Infantry L. Changasi
162
Name the bacteria and vectors for all of the bartonella causing diseases:
1. Oroya fever - bartonella bacilliformis - sandfly(Lutzomyia verrucarum) 2. Cat scratch disease - bartonella henselae - cat flea(ctenocejphalidis felis) 3. Bacillary angiomatosis - bartonella henselae, quintana - ticks, lice, fle 4. Trench fever - bartonella quintana - body louse (pediculus humanas)
163
What is the aminoglycoside used to treat glanders, brucellosis, plague, ratbite fever, tularemia
Streptomycin
164
People with HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3 are more prone to form which type of leprosy?
Tuberculoid (TH1 response)
165
Tick that carries RMSF
Dermacentor andersoni (wood tick western US) Dermacentor variabilis (dog tick in eastern US)
166
Treatment for chromobrlastomycosis
Surgery and/or itraconazole
167
How long after exposure to TB will your PPD become positive?
2-10 weeks
168
Fever, erythema, then bullae and desquamation in the body folds
Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome
169
Tick causing Lyme disease in Europe
Ixodes ricinus
170
What organism causes Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi
171
Infectious granulomas in nasal mucosa and respiratory tracat, epistaxis, destruction of nasal cartilage
Rhinoscleroma
172
What stain do you use to identify bacillary angiomatosus?
Warthin-Starry
173
Old school lice treatment Lindane, and organochloride, no longer first line because of what potential complication
Neural toxicity (seizures, confusion)
174
which syphilis tests can you get false positive results with? (i.e. are also positive in many other diseases)
RPR/VDRL
175
stage of syphilus: lues maligna
second
176
Treatment for cutaneous larva migrans
Topical thiabendazole OR oral ivermectin
177
Vaccinia caused by what kind of virus?
Orthopox, leading tot he vaccinia virus
178
Jumping spider has what kind of toxin
Hyaluronidase ("jump high"
179
What antibiotic is good to use if pt allergic to PCN?
Erythromycin
180
What chemical causes pseudomonas to flouresce?
Pyocyanine
181
Argyll Robertson pupil
Tertiary syphilius
182
What cutaneous infectious diseases does Streptomycin treat?
Glanders Brucellosis Plague Tularemia Rat-bite Fever \*basically all of the weird gram negative ones. Streptomycin is an amminoglycoside!
183
What is the most pathogenic form of strep?
Group A beta-hemolytic strep
184
What chemical causes ectothrix to flouresce?
Pteridine
185
Cause of bullous tinea pedis
T. Mentagrophytes
186
Katayama fever
Acute form of schistosomiasis \*Treatment with praziquantel
187
Treatment for Rhinoscleroma
Cipro
188
What disease does the Dermacenter tick (American dog tick) cause?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
189
Meat handlers/fish handlers get this gram positive disease
Erysipeloid (painful red purple patches on the hands)
190
What do you treat erythema nodosum leprosum with?
Thalidomide
191
Stewart Treves syndrome
Development of angiosarc in the setting of chronic lymphedema
192
What type of bacteria is corynebacteria?
Gram positive rod
193
Treatment for mycetoma
Oral antifungal (itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin) and debridement
194
Which is the only flourescent Trichophyton ectothrix
T. Schoenleinii (the rest of them are M. Canus)
195
Treatment for Brucellosis
Streptomycin or Doxy with Rifampin
196
Treatment for severe cases of histoplasmosis, less severe cases?
Severe cases - amphotericin B Nonsevere cases - Ketoconazole
197
What stain outlines fungi magenta with green background?
PAS
198
what is the most sensitive test for primary syphilis?
FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test)
199
What is the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)
Associated with increased virulence in CA-MRSA infections
200
farcy buds
Glanders
201
What is the chemical that tinea versicolor produces which causes hypopigmentation?
Azelaic acid
202
What do you give to pregnant women to treat Lyme disease?
Amoxicillin (doxycycline in normal folks)
203
Another name for African Trypanosomiasis
Sleeping sickness
204
What drugs used to treat Gpositives
PCN Erythromycin Kephlex
205
Lutzomyia verrucarum
sandlfl\y that is the vector for Oroya fever
206
Name two diseases that present similarly to anthrax?
Cowpox
207
This spider's toxin is spingomyelinase D
Brown recluse (Loxoseles reclusa)
208
What do you treat Loiasis with?
DEC
209
infection caused by contact with infected horses
Glanders
210
how long after infection with primary syphilis will the FTA-ABS test become positive?
3 weeks
211
Which increases the risk of transmitting HSV infection from mom to fetus more: -primary infx of the mom vs secondary infx of the mom
PRIMARY infection has a MUCH higher risk of transmission (25-50%) VS Secondary infection (2-5%)
212
Ctenocephalides felis
the cat flea, vector in cat scratch disease
213
What are the two most sensitive and specific tests for syphilis Also Which is the first serologic test to become positive in syphilis?
1. Most sensitive/specific = treponemal tests (FTA-ABS and MHA-TP) 2. Quickest to become positive: nontreponemal (RPR/VDRL)
214
What is the vector for Oroya fever?
sandfly (Lutzomyia verrucarum)
215
At what temperature is histo a yeast and at what temp does it have septae
25 degrees it has hyphae and septae (when you are 25 you get high\*) 37 degrees it is a yeast (think has a bun in the oven)
216
What is a risk in using Malathion as a lice treatment?
Flammable
217
C. Minutissimum causes what condition
Erythrasma
218
Cat scratch disease can also cause what syndrome in common with sarcoid?
Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome : unilateral conjunctivitis and regional lymphadenitis \*sidenote tularemia can cause this too!!
219
Name the ONLY single stranded virus
Parvovirus. \*leutinant parvin from cedarville
220
Yellow fever is caused by what kind of virus?
Flavivirus (RNA)
221
Firm bluish tumor or plaque appearing on the ear lobes of children or the nipples of adults
Borrelial lymphocytoma (lymphocytoma cutis). Caused by b. Afzelli or borriela garinii both only present in Europe
222
What do you treat the lymphocutaneous form of sporotrichosis with?
SSKI (super-saturated potassium iodide)
223
What do you treat the plaque with?
Streptomycin
224
Pastias lines
Linear petechiael streaks along body folds in Scarlett fever
225
stage of syphilus:gumma
tertiary
226
other name for Carrions disease
Oroya Fever
227
Liponyssoides sanguineus
Mouse Mite (causes Rickettsialpox)
228
Shinebone fever also called
Trench fever
229
What causes tinea imbricata?
T. Concentricum
230
What is the Lucio reaction?
It is the Type 3 leprosy reaction state in which the patient with lepromatous leprosy develops extensive severe vasculitis
231
Which two cutaneous manifestations of TB are from an exogenous route, and what is the difference between the two?
Tuberous chancre - in a nonsensitized person Tuberculosis verrucousa cutis - re-inoculation of a previously sensitized person
232
Guarneri bodies
Smallpox
233
Treatment for amebiasis
Oral metronidazole
234
What do you use to culture Leichmeniasis?
NNN culture (Novy-mcNeal-Nicole)
235
Treat furuncle on the face near the midline with antibiotics because of the risk of what
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
236
B. Garinii B. Afzelli cause what condition?
Borrelial lymphocytoma (firm bluish tumor or plaque on the earlobes of children, nipples of adults)
237
treatment for visceral leishmaniasis
amphotericin B
238
Treatment for scytalidium dimidatum
Itraconazole
239
IL-2, TNF-alpha, IFN-beta are all cytokines seen in what kind of response?
Cell-mediated immune response (TH1)
240
Jarish-Herxheimer reaction
febrile systemic reaction after the inital dose of antisyphilitic treatment, occurs in abt 75% of patients -mediated by TNF-alpha
241
Most common new-world species of Leichmaniasis
L. Braziliensis
242
Name the causes of mucocutaneous Leichmaniasis
Old world - L. Aethipica New world - L. Brazillensis, L. Peruviana
243
What does the body louse Pediculus humanus also cause besides Trench fever?
Epidemic typhus Relapsing fever
244
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Tick vector for Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever)
245
Vector for African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping sickness)
Tsetse fly (glossina spp.)
246
Ambylomma Americanum tick causes what disease
RMSF, Ehrlichiosis
247
Which lice treatment is derived from crysanthemums?
Pryrethrin
248
Treatment for schistosomiasis
Praziquantel
249
Treatment of Chancroid
Azithromycin 1g or Ceftriaxone IM
250
Name the bacteria and vector of Boutonnesuese fever
R. conorii Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)
251
another name for Peruvian wart
Oroya Fever
252
Treatment for fish tank granuloma (m. Marinum)
Minocycline!
253
What is the culture medium to grow leprosy?
None! There is no culture medium trick question. It can only be grown in mouse foot pad or non-banded armadillo
254
Another name for Loasis
Calabar swelling
255
Anclostoma braziliense
Cutaneous larva migrans
256
Which cutaneous manifestation of TB occurs in a person with the highest immunity?
Lupus vulgaris
257
When is a leprosy patient considered no longer infectious during her treatment?
AFTER THE FIRST DOSE OF RIFAMPIN AND DAPSONE
258
Treatment for toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine with pyrimethamine
259
Painful erythematous papule ulcerated in the oral cavity with TB
Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
260
Buruli ulcer (bacteria that causes)
M. Ulcerans (this is an atypical mycobacterium \*ulcer on the hand after minor trauma - associated with agricultural activities
261
What cytokine is the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction mediated by?
TNF-alpha
262
tabes dorsalis
tertiary syphilis
263
What is eczema vaccinatum?
Diffuse infection at the site of inoculation of a vaccine in atopic patients
264
What disease is Tache noir associated with?
Boutonnese fever (Meditteranean spotted fever)
265
Painful pretibial plaques, conjunctivitis, jaundice, diffuse extanthum
Leptospirosis
266
What is the acute form of schistosomiasis called
Katayama fever
267
Which type of leprosy is cell mediated vs not?
Cell mediated - Tuberculid (CD4 cell prominence :/) Non cell mediated - Lepromatous (CD8 cell prominence :/)
268
Vector for trench fever
body louse (Pediculus humanus var. corporis)
269
In which parasitic infection do you get wheezing puritis and urticaria as the worm migrates from the GI tract to lower leg skin?
Draculinosis
270
Cat scratch disease is caused by what bacteria?\>
Bartonella henselae
271
What is the antigen that mediates TSS caused by: Staph Vs Strep Choices: ET-A/ET-B vs SPE-A
Staph - ET-A/ET-B Strep - SPE-A
272
What is the BCG vaccine?
Live attenuated TB vaccine with bacteria M. Bovis
273
What organism causes white piedra?
Trichosporon cutaneum (\*cute little white spores!)
274
Name the two exotoxins formed by anthrax and name what they each do
Edema toxin - increases cAMP levels & Lethal toxin - increases TNFalpha and IL1b
275
Mite borne Typhus
Scrub Typhus
276
Erythematous tender papules and nodules resembling multiple PGs, seen mainly in HIV patients
Bacillary angiomatosis
277
Culture medium for atypical mycobacteria
Ziehl-Nelson stain; Lowenstein Jensen culture medium
278
Most common type of tinea pedis
T. Rubrum, T. Floccasum
279
What do you treat psuedomonal folliculitis with? (Hot tub folliculitis)
NOTHING. It is self limited
280
Another name for Donovanosis
Granuloma inguinale
281
What is the second most (and most inflammatory) cause of tinea capitis?
M. Canus
282
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme disease
283
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Rat-bite/Haverhill fever
284
What kind of virus is rubella?
Togavirus
285
What part of the body is strep a normal flora?
Vagina and aerodigestive tract
286
Treatment for Buruli Ulcer
Excision! (Drug therapy is disappointing)
287
Best site for biopsy of rabies
The neck
288
how long after initial infection does the tertiary stage of syphilis happen
3-5 years
289
RPR and VDRL are not positive until how long?
Not until at least one week after chancre appears (as opposed to 3 weeks after infection in the FTA-ABS test)
290
Bacteria that causes bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonella quintana Bartonella henselae
291
Eikenella corrodens
Human bite
292
stage of syphilus: alopecia
second
293
-infection seen in butchers, farmers, vets -cyclic fevers, arthralgias, hepatosplenomegaly with sometimes a papulonodular eruption -direct contact with meat or dairy unpasterized milk
Brucellosis
294
Most common cause of onychomycosis
T. Rubrum
295
Pitted keratolysis caused by what bacteria?
Corynebacterium or kytococcus sedentarius
296
Direct inoculation of TB presenting as a painless red-brown papule at the inoculation site
Tuberculous chancre (seen in non-sensitized host with no prior immunity)
297
What chemical causes corynebacterium to flouresce?
Copoporphyrin III
298
Pasteurella multocida
Cat bite
299
A patient treated for syphilis with IM benzathine PCN, and then gets an intense febrile reaction - what happened?
Jarish-Herxheimer reaction
300
Wuchereria bancrofti
Organism causing filariasis
301
What kind of fungus (endothrix ectothrix fluorescent, nonfluorescent) is T. Schoenleinii
Ectothrix flourescent
302
River blindness
Onchocerciasis
303
Which ticks cause Human Erlichosis?
Amblyomma and Ixodes scapularis
304
In what diseases can you get a positive RPR/VDRL?
syphilis lupus pregnancty malaria old age
305
which syphilis test would you choose to tract the progress of treatment, and is expressed in a titer form?
RPR/VDRL
306
Treatment of Dracuculiasis
Thiabendazole
307
Which venereal disease has Donovan bodies and russel bodies on path?
Granuloma inguinale
308
Name a few other names for Leptospriosis
For Bragg fever Pretibial fever Weil disease
309
Quickly name the atypical mycobacteria
M. Marinum - fishtank granuloma M. Ulcerans - Buruli ulcer M. Fortuitum - fast growing M. Adium complex - lung, immunosuppressed M. Kansasii - photochromagens
310
Organism causing cutaneous larva migrans
Ancylostoma braziliense
311
Vector in Loiasis
Deer or mango fly (Chrysops) \*because Loiasis makes you a cyclops after it gets in one eye
312
Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color:Pink/cream
Actinomadura Madurai
313
Treatment for fast growing mycobacterial infection (FAC)
Clarithromycin
314
What three protozoan infections do you treat with DEC?
Onchocerciasis Loiasis Filariasis
315
Which is the only leprosy reactional state that you dont treat with steroids?
Type 2 E Nodosum leprosum - treat with Thalidomide!!!!
316
What an atomic structure does Ramsey Hunt syndrome involve?
HSV of the geniculate ganglion
317
Name four diseases caused by Corynebacterium
Erythrasma Trichomycosis Axillaris Pitted Keratolysis Cutaneous Diptheria
318
What wavelength, material, and filter is a Woods lamp?
365nm mercury lamp with a nickel chromium oxide filter
319
"Black-fever"
"Kala-azar" visceral systemic Leichmaniasis - caused by L. Donovani
320
Someone has a pet flying squirrel and they get a rash - what did they get?
Epidemic Typhus (R. Prowazekii), reservoir is the flying squirrel, vector is the body louse
321
Treatment for Erysipeloid?
\*fish handlers disease, seen in butchers, meat-handlers, red in the third webspace of fingers Treat with PCN or Erythromycin if PCN allergy
322
Name the 4 lice treatments and their side effects
1. Malathion - flammable 2. Lindaine - neural toxicity 3. Pyrmetherin - none. High resistance 4. Pyrethrin - cross reaction with crysanthemums/ragweed
323
which syphilis test remains positive even after treatment? and which one doesnt?
remains positive after treatment: FTA-ABS doesnt: RPR,VDRL
324
Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color: Yellow or brown
Streptomyces
325
Pentamidine and suramin are treatments for what tropical disease?
African sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis, caused by tsetse fly)
326
What significant clinically about smallpox?
Vesicles all in the same stage of development
327
Tick causing Lyme disease in the eastern US
Ixodes dammini (Ixodes scapularis)
328
Haverhill fever
rate bite fever
329
Maculae Caerulea
Slate gray or blue macules on the pubis of people with pubic lice (phthirus pubis)
330
Treatment for Malakoplakia
Cipro
331
Treatment for Burulli ulcer
Excision
332
Name the dsDNA viruses
Herpesvirus Hepadenovirus (HBV) Adenovirus Poxvirus Papilloma virus Parvovirus (the only ssDNA)
333
Which can flouresce, endothrix or ectothrix fungi?
Some of ectothrix can
334
Louse born Typhus
Epidemic Typhus
335
What is the live virus used for the smallpox vaccine called?
Vaccinia
336
Larva currens
Strongyloides
337
What do you treat a fish tank granuloma with?
Minocycline
338
Which spider's web is funnel shaped?
Hobo spider
339
RSV is what kind of virus
Paramyxovirus
340
Which stain stains the capsule of cyrptococcus?
Mucicarmine
341
"The groove sign"
Pathopneumonic in Lymphogranuloma venerem - which is the enlargement of the femoral lymph nodes, separated by Poupart ligament
342
Bartonella henselae causes what disease?
Cat scratch disease
343
Organism which causes Yaws
Treponemum pallidum (subspecies pertunue)
344
Virchow cells
Foamy histiocytes containing M. Leprae in lepromatous leprosy
345
Which lice remedy should you not give if treating someone with allergy to ragweed or crysanthemums?
Pyrethrin
346
Which fungus is endothrix and ectothrix
T. Rubrum
347
What is the candidal infection in between the third and fourth webspace of the finger called?
Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
348
infection cause by direct contact with infected animal or ingestion of dairy (unpasterized) infected meat
Brucellosis
349
pentavalent antimonial is used to treat which disease
cutaneous leishmaniasis
350
Madura foot (Actinomycetoma) with grain color: Red
Actinomadura pelletieri
351
What are the Conventional treatment of anthrax? Bioterrorism treatment of anthrax?
Conventional is - PCN Bioterrorism is cipro or doxy
352
What do you treat treatment resistant HSV with?
foscarnet
353
What does togavirus give you?
Rubella
354
Name all of the conditions caused by a pox virus?
Molluscum Orf Miller's nodule Vaccinia Smallpox Cowpox
355
What is the most common cutaneous manifestation of TB?
Tuberculosis verrucousa cutis (Warty TB) \*presents as a small indurated hyperkeratotic papule or warty plaque with serpiginous border \*route is exogenous - reinfection with direct inoculation at the site of trauma
356
Treatment for Brucellosis
Doxycycline
357
Coxiella Burnetii
Q fever
358
Calabar swelling
Another name for Loiasis
359
Lues maligna
crusted necrotic papulopustular lesions in second stage of syphilus
360
What chemical in a pseudomonas infection produces the green-blue pigment?
Pyocyanin
361
HIV and HTLV are what kind of viruses?
Retrovirus
362
What is a stain you can use to determine Kaposis?
HHV -8 (or another name for it is the LANA-1 stain)
363
This syphilis test detects IgM/IgG to a "reagin" which is a mixture of cardiolipin, l\ecithin, and cholesterol
RPR AND VDRL
364
Old world Leichmaniasis vector New world Leichmaniasis vector
(Both sandfly) Old world:Phlebotomus New world: Lutzomyia
365
Streptobacillus moniliformis causes what disease?
Ratbite fever/Haverhill fever
366
What disease is caused by a mouse mite bite?
Rickettsial pox
367
What three diseases are caused by pediculus humanus var. coporis
Louse born relapsing fever Epidemic typhus Trench fever
368
Brown recluse spider's toxin
Spingomyelinase D
369
IL-4, IL-10 represent which type of immune response?
Humoral/antibody mediated (TH2)
370
What stain outlines fungi black?
GMS
371
Treatment for strongyloides (larva currens)
Albendazole, thiabendazole, ivermectin
372
Another name for Boutonneuse fever
Mediterranean spotted fever
373
What is the pneumonic for endothrix?
Ringo (t. Rubrum) Gave (t. Gourvilli) Yoko (t. Yaoundé) Two (t. Tonsurans) Squeaky (t. Soudanese) Violins (t. Violaceum)
374
Treatment for Glanders
Streptomycin, or doxycycline
375
Gamma Favre bodies
Lymphogranuloma venereum
376
Apple jelly red-brown nodules involving the face or neck in a patient with TB
Lupus vulgaris \*associated with the highest immunity
377
Name one disease you treat with Thalidomide?
Erythema nodosum leprosum
378
Vector for Dracunculiasis
Infected water crustaceans (cyclops) \*remember though that Chrysops which is a deer or mango fly causes Loiasis bc you turn into a cyclops bc it gets in your eye
379
Surgical abdomen after a spider bite -which spider?
Black widow (lactodectus mactans).
380
Rickettsiae Rickettsii
RMSF
381
Bartonella quintana
Bacillary angiomatosis
382
Name the findings in the tertiary stage of syphilis
Gumma (syphilitic granulomas) cardiovascular syphilis Neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis, Argyll Robertson pupil)
383
Term for infection of raw seafood eating
Vibrio
384
Treatment for sporotrichosis
Itraconazole or supersaturated potassium iodide (for lypmhocutaneous form)
385
What syndrome can be caused by cat scratch disease, tularemia, and sarcoid?
Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome (ipsilateral conjuncitivis and regional lymphadenopathy)
386
What gene encodes the PCP2a protein (causing MRSA resistance)
MecA gene
387
What chemical in pseudomonas produces the green-yellow pigment?
Fluorescein
388
Subcutaneous swelling and conjunctivitis of the eye with a parasite
Loiasis
389
Diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki
Crash and Burn Fever (burn) C-conjunctivitis R-rash A-adenopathy S-strawberry tongue H-hands and feet
390
What is the name of the vector for Oroya fever?
Lutzomyia verrucarum (sandfly)
391
Which rickettsial borne illness has a negative Weil-Felix test?
Rickettsialpox
392
Vector for Scrub Typhus
Chiggar mites (Trombiculid)
393
Black widow spider releases what toxin?
Alpha-latrotoxin (Depolarizes neurons)
394
Name some paramyxovirus
Measles, mumps, RSV
395
Capnoctytophaga canimorsus Pasteurella canis Pasturpella multocida
Dog bite
396
Treatment for Vibrio
Tetracycline
397
How do you treat crabs?
Same as head lice (it is lice of the pubic hair)
398
Gamma-Favre bodies
Lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia trachomatis)
399
Recurrent meningitis in patients with what type of complement deficiency?
C5-9
400
Wolf spider has what kind of toxin?
Histamine
401
Culture medium for Leichmeniasis
NNN
402
Tache noir
indurated papule at the site of a tick bite which leads to a necrotic ulcer (seen in Meditteranean Spotted fever)
403
Tapir face
Perforation of the nasal septum in Mucocutaneous Leichmaniasis (predominantly New World L. Brazilinesis
404
Tinea corporis aquired from the soil - what organism?
T. Gypsum
405
Ridged wart HPV type
HPV 60
406
Sub cutaneous nodules containing worms, depigmentation on lower legs, vision loss
Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
407
Novy-mcNeal-Nicole culture medium
Leichmeniasis
408
What percent of cases is RMSF "spotless"
10-20%
409
Which bacteria causes Q fever?
Coxiella Burnett I
410
Name the disease caused by Haemophilus ducreyi
Chancroid
411
Tinea imbricata cause by:
T. Concentricum
412
What do you use to treat RMSF in pregnant ladies?
Chloramphenicol (usually treat with Doxy)
413
Ecthyma gangrenosum is caused by what bacteria
Pseudomonas
414
Treatment for filariasis
DEC
