InfectiousDiseasesFC Flashcards
(305 cards)
Aminoglycosides are ______ dependent killers and exhibit a _______. Therefore they are normally dosed _____ daily
concentration-dependent
post-antibiotic effect (continued suppression of bacterial growth when antibiotic levels are below the MIC of the organism
once daily
Which drugs are in the class aminoglycosides
gentamycin, tobramycin, and amikacin, streptomycin
Which aminoglycosides can be given IV/IM and which can only be given IM
Iv/IM: gentamycin, tobramycin and amikacin
IM: streptomycin
Tobramycin comes IV, IM and _____ for the treatment of _____
inhaled formulation
CF
You dose aminoglycosides on _______
Ideal body weight
What black box warning do aminoglycosides come with
may cause neurotoxicity (vertigo, ataxia) and nephrotoxicity
What side effect are common for aminoglycosides
nephrotoxicity (ATN) and ototoxicity
Which patients should aminoglycosides be used in caution with
elderly, impaired renal function, and those on other nephrotoxic drugs (amphoteracin B, cisplatin, NSAIDs, vancomycin, contrast dyes, cyclosporine)
What are some common nephrotoxic drugs
aminoglycosides, amphoteracin B, cisplatin, NSAIDs, vancomycin, contrast dyes, cyclosporine
What monitoring parameters are important for aminoglycosides
renal function, hearing tests, and peak/troughs with traditional dosing and random level with extended dosing
What pregnancy category are aminoglycosides
D
What is something important to know about aminoglycosides effect on neuromuscular blocking agents
they increase levels of those agents
What are doses of aminoglycosides in traditional dosing
traditional
gent/tobra: 1-2.5mg/kg/dose
amikacin: 5-7.5mg/kg/dose
What are doses of aminoglycosides in extended interval dosing
extended interval
gent/tobra: 4-7 mg/kg
amikacin: 15-20 mg/kg
In traditional dosing of aminoglycosides how do dosing intervals change based on renal function
crcl>60 q 8 hr; crcl 40-60 q 12 h; crcl 20-40 q 24 h, crcl <20 give loading dose and monitor levels
When should trough and peak levels be taken for traditional aminoglycoside dosing
trough level right before next dose and peak level 1/2 hour after the end of the dosing interval
How are dosing frequency determined using extended interval dosing and when are levels taken
draw random level 6-16 hours post dose (depends on nomogram) and place level on nomogram to find out how frequently the dose should be given
What are the peak and trough levels that should be obtained with aminoglycosides using traditional dosing
gent/tobramycin: peak 5-10 and trough <5
penicillins exhibit ______ dependent killing and are bactericidal except against _______ where aminoglycosides are needed for ________ activity
time dependent killing
enterococci species
bactericidal
Aminopenicillins include which drugs
amoxicillin (amoxil, moxatag), amoxicillin + clavulanate (augmentin), ampicillin (principen), and ampicillin + sulbactam (unasyn)
ampicillin + sulbactam brand name is
unasyn
brand name of ampicillin is
principen
what drugs are referred to as natural penicillins
penicillin (penG and pen VK)
What drugs are referred to as ureidopenicillins
piperacillin + tazobactam (zosyn)