Inguinal Ligament

Question 1

What is another name for the inguinal ligament?

Answer 1

Pouparts ligament

Question 2

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 2

Medically pubic tubercle
Laterally anterior superior iliac spine

Question 3

What are the extensions of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 3

Reflected part of the inguinal ligament
Lucanar ligament
Pectineal ligament

Question 4

What part of the lacunae ligament forms the floor of the inguinal ligamen5?

Answer 4

Upper part

Question 5

What is the pectnieal ligament?

Answer 5

It is an extension of the lacunar ligament along the pectin pubis up to ilio pubic eminence

Question 6

The reflected part of the inguinal ligament refers to ?

Answer 6

Few fibers from the inferior crud of the superior inguinal ring that extends upward and medial from the pubic tubercle I from the conjoint tendon and inserts into the linea alba

Question 7

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

Answer 7

Spermatic cord
Ilio inguinal nerve

Question 8

The ilio inguinal nerve is?

Answer 8

A mixed nerve conveying the fibers from ventral rami of L1

Becomes sensory after piercing the the internal oblique

Question 9

Why is the inguinal canal presented forward in newborns?

Answer 9

Due to incomplete differentiation of the muscles

Question 10

The floor is formed by?

Answer 10

The upper surface of the inguinal ligament (posterior margin fuses with transversalis) and medially by the upper surface of lacunar ligament

Question 11

What are the defensive mechanisms associated with the ingunal canal or opening?

Answer 11

Flap valve
Demi sphincter
Cremastric plug

Question 12

What is a flap valve?

Answer 12

This is when the incre as rd abdominal pressure pushes the posterior wall agains the anterior wall obliterating the canal

Question 13

What are Demi sphincter?

Answer 13

Arched fibers of the internal oblique and transversus bring the roof in contact with the floor during increased intra abdominal pressure

Question 14

Cremasteruc plug is?

Answer 14

Increased abdominal pressure causes the cremasteric mud to contract pulling the testis upward to the superficial ring

Ball valve action

Question 15

What happens when the abdominal muscles contract?

Answer 15

The deep ring mi es laterally and upwards therefore the canal narrows and elongates

Question 16

What artery acts as a guide to identify the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 16

inferior epigastric artery

Question 17

What is found above and lateral to the pubic crest?

Answer 17

Superficial inguinal ring

Question 18

What are the types of inguinal hernia?

Answer 18

Direct and indirect

Question 19

Indirect hernia is ?

Answer 19

One that Passes through deep inguinal ring, travels the full inguinal canal

Question 20

What is direct hernia?

Answer 20

Pushes directly through Hesselbach’s triangle (a weak spot)
Acquired due to weakness in abdominal wall

Question 21

What are the boundaries of the inguinal triangle/ hesslebachs

Answer 21

Medial - lower 5cm of the lateral border of rectum abdominis
Lateral- inferior epigastric
Inferior - medial half of inguinal ligament

Question 22

What are the two phases of testicular descent?

Answer 22

Trans abdominal phase
Trans inguinal phase

Question 23

Trans abdominal phase is

Answer 23

A passive process where the abandoned mesenchyme known as the gubernaculum which tethers the testis to the scrotum

Question 24

Before descent where can the testis be found?

Answer 24

The posterior/dorsal part of the abdominal wall

Question 26

At what period does the abdominal cavity enlarged causing the testis to dislodge from the dorsal wall

Answer 26

10-15 weeks

Question 27

What is trans inguinal phase

Answer 27

This is an active process that takes place between 25-35weeks

Question 28

What is the processus vaginalis?

Answer 28

A finger like projection that pushes its way through the developing abdominal wall

Question 29

What are the layers of the spermatic cord that were derived from the abdominal layers?

Answer 29

Transversalis fascia- internal spermatic fascia Internal oblique- cremasteric fascia External oblique- external spermatic fascia

Question 30

What happens to the proximal and distal end of the processus vaginalis after testicular descent?

Answer 30

The proximal end disappears and the distal end survives to become the tunica vaginalis

Question 31

What forms the ligament of the scrotum?

Answer 31

The remains of the gubernaculum

Question 32

In females the gubernaculum remains and becomes?

Answer 32

The ligament of the ovary and the round ligament of the uterus

Question 33

What are the coverings of the testis

Answer 33

Skin Darts fascia and muscle Exteenal spermatic fascia Cremasteric fascia Internal spermatic fascia Tunica vaginalis (remnant of proximal part of processus vaginalis) Tunica albuginea

Question 34

At what week does the male go ad develop into the testis

Answer 34

Week 7

Question 35

Describe the primary sex cords formation?

Answer 35

The coelomic epithelium (from the genital ridge) proliferates and invaginates into the underlying mesenchyme.

Question 36

As the sex cord arise they enter deep into the medulla of the gonad where they?

Answer 36

Anastomose, Their deep ends connect together (this is called anastomosis). All this branching and connection forms the rete testis, a network that will later help sperm travel out of the testis.

Question 37

The primary sex cord develops into?

Answer 37

The seminiferous cords

Question 38

What cells are found in the seminiferous cords?

Answer 38

Sertoli cells (from the coelemic epithelium Primordial germ cells migrated from yolk sac

Question 39

The seminiferous cords lose contact with the upper surface due to?

Answer 39

The formation of the tunicaa abugenia

Question 40

The seminiferous cords lose contact with the upper surface due to?

Answer 40

The formation of the tunicaa abugenia

Question 41

What does the tunica abuginea do?

Answer 41

Separates the testis from the surface. Partitions the inside into lobules by sending in fibrous walls (septa).

Question 42

What eventually happens to the seminiferous cords?

Answer 42

Hollow out into tubes = seminiferous tubules Their deep ends narrow into straight tubules = tubuli recti These connect to the rete testis

Question 43

What is rete testi?

Answer 43

These are formed by the deep anastomosis of the sex cords formed from the proliferation of the coelomic epithelium

Question 44

The mesenchyme surround the seminiferous tubules to become?

Answer 44

Leydig cells

Question 45

What is the function of leydig cells?

Answer 45

They produce testosterone around the 3.5-4 months Stimulates development of: Internal male ducts (Wolffian ducts) External genitalia

Question 46

What is iltge function of stroll cells?

Answer 46

Line the walls of the seminiferous tubules. Support, protect, and feed the developing sperm. Help form the blood-testis barrier.

Question 47

What is the function of the primordial germ cells?

Answer 47

Nestle inside the seminiferous cords. Become spermatogonia → sperm (later, at puberty).

Question 48

What happens to the colemic epithelium after the production of sertoli and primordial…?

Answer 48

It flattens to become the mesothelium forming a serous outer lining of the testis

Question 49

At what mint does the testes reached the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 49

8th

Question 50

What month does the testes lie in the scrotum?

Answer 50

9th month

Question 51

What is cryptorchidism?

Answer 51

This is the a scene of one or both testes from the scrotum

Question 52

What does hypoplastic mean?

Answer 52

Underdeveloped

Question 53

What is dysgenetic?

Answer 53

Severely abnormal

Question 54

What is anorchia

Answer 54

Muah no balls🤣