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Inquiry and Research Flashcards

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1
Q

What does research lend itself to in terms of instruction?

A

Inquiry-based instruction

Promotes active engagement as students form questions, conduct research, and develop conclusions.

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2
Q

Why is providing a variety of examples critical in teaching research and writing?

A

It helps in modeling skills and supporting student understanding

Examples include diagrams, models, and hands-on activities.

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3
Q

What is a key component of teaching students the research and writing process?

A

Modeling how to develop a topic sentence, summarize, paraphrase, and support answers

This includes providing model texts.

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4
Q

What is an effective way to help students manage their research process?

A

Completing projects in stages with reasonable timelines

Includes teacher- and self-checks.

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5
Q

What type of questions should students start with in the research process?

A

Open-ended questions

Focused on students’ points of interest within assignment parameters.

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6
Q

What characteristics should research questions have?

A

Multi-leveled and not simple yes/no questions

They should encourage deeper investigation.

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7
Q

What types of questions should be taught and posted for inquiry?

A
  • Why did…?
  • What do…?
  • What is the difference between…and …?
  • What are…?

These questions guide investigation.

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8
Q

What is important when locating reliable sources?

A

Evaluating sources for reliability

Compare and contrast examples of reliable and unreliable sources.

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9
Q

What should students identify about a document when evaluating sources?

A

The document’s author and its formal tone and presentation

Also, use documentation for facts in the text.

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10
Q

What should students use when searching for information?

A

Relevant search terms

This includes brainstorming keywords and refining searches.

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11
Q

How can students determine if information is relevant to their question?

A

By deciding if it aligns with their research question

Modeling this process is essential.

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12
Q

What should students do with paraphrased and summarized information?

A

Create notes

This helps in organizing their research findings.

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13
Q

What does a bibliography represent?

A

A record of sources of information for inquiry and research

Important for academic integrity.

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14
Q

What is an I-Chart used for?

A

Inquiry and research

It has three phases: Planning, Interacting, and Integrating/Evaluating.

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15
Q

What is the typical structure of a five-paragraph essay?

A
  • Introduction and thesis statement/research question
  • Three paragraphs of supporting evidence
  • Conclusion paragraph

This structure supports logical flow.

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16
Q

What enhances the complexity and effectiveness of research?

A

Supporting claims with evidence from multiple sources

This approach strengthens persuasion.

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17
Q

What is important when citing sources in writing?

A

Embedding direct quotes or paraphrased research appropriately

Proper citation maintains academic integrity.

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18
Q

What should students focus on when drafting and revising their essays?

A

Using transitions and maintaining a formal style

Attention to grammatical conventions and academic language is crucial.

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19
Q

What are primary sources?

A

Documents created at the time under study, often defined as ‘first-hand accounts’ of events

Examples include autobiographies, letters, diary entries, interviews, news film footage, speeches, and official records. Physical artifacts like historical maps, art, or photographs are also considered primary sources.

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20
Q

What is the preferred starting source for researchers?

A

Primary sources

They typically provide a unique insight into the period or event in question.

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21
Q

What is a disadvantage of primary sources?

A

Do not provide a complete overview of the period

They are likely written solely from the author’s point of view and may present a biased perspective.

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22
Q

What are secondary sources?

A

Documents created after the time under study

Examples include textbooks, scholarly articles, biographies, and historical critiques. Artifact replicas are also considered secondary sources.

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23
Q

What is one advantage of secondary sources?

A

Provide an interpretation and combination of multiple perspectives

They help establish the causes and effects of an event.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Primary sources are likely to include bias from the _______.

A

original author

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25
What is a disadvantage of secondary sources?
Lack human or personal element ## Footnote They may be more difficult for students to relate to.
26
Which type of source is best to use?
It depends on the specific research or the teacher's pedagogical goal.
27
What is one key characteristic of primary sources?
Establish a human perspective or experience of the historical context
28
True or False: Secondary sources typically include the author's analysis of an event based on primary source documents.
True
29
What do primary sources provide in terms of historical context?
Historical context for the lesson's content, including examples of opinions or biases held by those involved
30
What are credible sources?
Credible sources are ones that the reader can trust and can be backed up with evidence. ## Footnote Credible sources provide reliable information that can be verified.
31
What questions should you ask to determine if a source is credible?
Ask: who, what, where, and when. ## Footnote These questions help assess the author's credibility, claims, source origin, and timeliness of the information.
32
What does 'who' refer to in the context of credible sources?
It refers to the author and whether they have a known agenda or bias. ## Footnote Understanding the author's background helps evaluate their reliability.
33
What does 'what' refer to when assessing a source's credibility?
It refers to the key claims made and the evidence provided to support them. ## Footnote Claims need to be substantiated for the source to be considered credible.
34
What does 'where' indicate about a source?
It indicates the origin of the source, with credible sources typically coming from reputable publications. ## Footnote The reputation of the publication affects the source's credibility.
35
Why is 'when' important in evaluating a source?
It is important because information could be outdated by more recent research. ## Footnote Timeliness can impact the relevance of the information.
36
What are primary sources?
Documents created at the time under study, often defined as 'first-hand accounts' of events. ## Footnote Primary sources provide unique insight into a period or event.
37
What are secondary sources?
Documents created after the time under study, typically including the author's analysis based on primary sources. ## Footnote Secondary sources provide context and interpretation of historical events.
38
What are peer-reviewed publications?
Documents reviewed by other experts in the field before publication to ensure quality and validity. ## Footnote Peer review is a critical process for maintaining academic standards.
39
What factors should be considered when evaluating online resources?
Check the source of information, URL extension, domain address, and published author. ## Footnote Each factor contributes to assessing the credibility of online content.
40
What URL extensions are typically associated with credible online sources?
.edu for educational institutions and .gov for government resources. ## Footnote These extensions often indicate a higher level of reliability.
41
Which URL extensions require careful evaluation?
.com, .org, and .net. ## Footnote These can provide credible information but are often associated with for-profit or promotional entities.
42
Why should anonymous sources be approached with caution?
Anonymous sources are typically less reliable. ## Footnote Knowing the author's credentials helps determine trustworthiness.
43
Fill in the blank: Peer-reviewed publications are documents reviewed by other experts in the field before they are _______.
published. ## Footnote This review process is crucial for maintaining the integrity of scholarly work.
44
What is the purpose of creating a citation?
To give credit and avoid plagiarism. ## Footnote Proper citation acknowledges the original authors of the ideas, words, or images used in one's own work.
45
What are the MLA citation guidelines for a book?
Author's Last name, First Name. Title. City of Publication, Publisher, Publication date. ## Footnote Example: Tolkien, J.R.R. The Book of Lost Tales. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1986.
46
What is the MLA citation format for a newspaper or magazine article?
Author's Last name, First Name. "Article Title." Title of Periodical, Day Month Year, pages. ## Footnote This format includes essential details for proper citation of articles.
47
What information is required for citing an electronic source in MLA format?
Author/Editor's Last name, First Name. "Article Title." Title of Website, Version numbers or posting date, Publisher information, Page or Paragraph number, DOI or URL. Date of access. ## Footnote The date of access is crucial for digital sources.
48
What is the citation format for images, paintings, sculptures, or photographs?
Artist's Last name, First Name. Title of work. Date of creation, Current location of work. URL (if accessed online). Date of access (if accessed online). ## Footnote This format helps to credit visual works appropriately.
49
What must be included in in-text citations?
Author's last name and page number. ## Footnote If no author is listed, the article title is used instead.
50
True or False: In-text citations can be omitted if the information is considered common knowledge.
True. ## Footnote Common knowledge does not require citation.
51
What is the main goal of in-text citations?
To reference the listings in the Works Cited. ## Footnote This connects the in-text information to the full citation in the bibliography.
52
Fill in the blank: The completed source for a novel would include the author's last name, first name, title, publisher, and _______.
Publication date. ## Footnote This information is essential for identifying and locating the source.
53
What should be done whenever a source is referenced?
Include an in-text citation. ## Footnote This is a crucial step to avoid plagiarism.
54
What is an example of a properly used in-text citation?
The Gettysburg Address was significant (Lincoln). ## Footnote This example shows both paraphrasing and a direct quote.
55
What type of source does 'X' represent in a citation?
It indicates the type of source being cited. ## Footnote Identifying the source type is important for applying the correct citation format.
56
What are some tips for citing sources?
Remember the order of citation information and look for clues in citation style. ## Footnote This helps in understanding and applying citation rules.
57
What is a fallacy?
An illegitimate argument or irrelevant point without evidence to support its claims.
58
What is a logical fallacy?
An error in reasoning that undermines an argument.
59
Why are logical fallacies commonly seen in argumentative writing?
When not enough evidence is present.
60
What is Ad Hominem?
Attacking the person making the argument instead of addressing the argument itself.
61
Provide an example of Ad Hominem.
"Don't listen to her argument on healthy eating because she eats fast food all the time."
62
What is Straw Man?
Misrepresenting or oversimplifying someone's argument to make it easier to attack.
63
Provide an example of Straw Man.
"He wants to reduce the military budget, so he must think national defense isn't important."
64
What is Appeal to Authority?
Claiming something is true because an authority or expert says so without providing further evidence.
65
Provide an example of Appeal to Authority.
"Kim Kardashian endorsed this hamburger, so it must be the best."
66
What is False Dilemma?
Presenting two options as the only possibilities when more exist.
67
Provide an example of False Dilemma.
"If we don't ban social media, everyone will become addicted to their phones."
68
What is Slippery Slope?
Arguing that one event will inevitably lead to a chain of related and undesirable events.
69
Provide an example of Slippery Slope.
"If we allow students to use calculators on exams, they won't bother learning basic math, and eventually, they'll forget how to add or subtract."
70
What is Circular Reasoning?
Using the conclusion as evidence for the argument, creating a loop without proof.
71
Provide an example of Circular Reasoning.
"He's a great leader because he leads well."
72
What is Hasty Generalization?
Making a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.
73
Provide an example of Hasty Generalization.
"My friend got into a car accident the first day he started driving, so all new drivers must be terrible at driving."
74
What is Post Hoc?
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first caused the second.
75
Provide an example of Post Hoc.
"Since I bought these new shoes, my basketball team has won every game, so we're winning because of my shoes."
76
What is Red Herring?
Introducing irrelevant information to distract from the main argument.
77
Provide an example of Red Herring.
"Why worry about the environment when unemployment is still an issue?"
78
What is Bandwagon?
Claiming something is true or good because it's popular or widely accepted.
79
Provide an example of Bandwagon.
"Everyone uses this phone brand, so it must be the best."
80
What is False Equivalence?
Claiming two things are equivalent when they are not.
81
Provide an example of False Equivalence.
"Failing to recycle is just as harmful as dumping toxic waste into a river."
82
What do TEKS provide for research skills?
A framework for developing students' research skills across grades 7-12.
83
What is the focus of inquiry in TEKS?
Encouraging students to develop research questions driven by curiosity.
84
What do students learn to identify in TEKS?
Credible sources of information from various formats.
85
What is expected from students in Grade 7 regarding inquiry?
Generate student-selected and teacher-guided questions for formal and informal inquiry.
86
What do students learn about sources in Grade 7?
Differentiate between primary and secondary sources.
87
What is a key expectation for Grade 8 students?
Examine sources for reliability, credibility, and bias.
88
What is emphasized in Grade 9 regarding research?
Critique the research process at each step.
89
What do Grade 10 students need to synthesize?
Information from various sources.
90
What is a focus for Grade 11 students in examining sources?
Credibility, bias, and accuracy.
91
What faulty reasoning types are Grade 12 students expected to examine?
Straw man, false dilemma, faulty analogies, and non sequitur.
92
How should students present their research findings?
Using an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal.
93
What is a TEKS guideline for instruction?
Ensure students develop a strong foundation in the research process.
94
What is meant by inquiry-driven learning?
Fostering a culture of curiosity and critical thinking.
95
What skills should students be equipped with regarding sources?
Assess the credibility and relevance of information sources.
96
What formats should research findings be presented in?
Written reports, presentations, and multimedia projects.
97
Which of the following is a correct MLA citation for a book? A. The Ambassadors. James, Henry. Rockville, MD: Serenity, 2009. Print. B. James, Henry. The Ambassadors. Rockville, MD: Serenity, 2009. Print. C. "The Ambassadors." James, Henry. Serenity. Rockville, MD: 2009. Print. D. James, Henry. The Ambassadors. Rockville, MD: "Serenity," 2009. Print.
Option b is the correct answer. Explanation: This is the correct MLA citation for a book.
98
Mrs. Tacey assigns a persuasive essay to her class about the benefits of using reusable straws over plastic straws. After the initial research phase, students pair up to discuss their findings. Mrs. Tacey provides some questions the students need to answer to help guide their writing. Which question below would best help students to include adequate persuasive details for their essays? A. What are the negatives of using reusable straws? B. What are some statistics regarding straw usage in the United States? C. Where can consumers find reusable straws if they want to make the switch? D. How are silicone or reusable straws made?
Option b is the correct answer. Explanation: Providing data and statistics on straw usage and waste would be a strong detail to include in this essay.

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