Integumentary System Flashcards by Logan Rochford

Functions of the integumentary system

protection
defense
sensation
secretion of pre-vitamin D
thermoregulation (sweat)
blood resevoir
excretion of electrolytes

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what is another term for subcutaneous fat layer

hypodermis

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is the hypodermis a part of the skin

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What is the majoirty of epidermal cells

keratinocytes- make keratin

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what is meant by healthy mitotic state in epidermis

the keratinocytes live 25-45 days
get replaced

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what are melanocytes and where are they

make melanin
located on basal layer of epidermis

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what do melanocytes do

secrete melanin granules that percolate upward
absorb UV radiation

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what do merkel cells do

sensory receptor (only one in epidermis)

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where are merkel cells located

basal layer of epidermis

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what are Langerhan’s cells

dendritic cells
macrophages in epidermis

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what are the epidermal layers in order from top to bottom

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum (if thick skin)
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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what are the characteristics of the stratum corneum

flattened, thick keratinized cells

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what does stratum corneum do

natural exfoliation
dead cells dump keratin

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what are the characteristics of stratum lucidum

only in thick/hairless skin
shows bright pink above granulosum

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what are the characteristics of stratum granulosum

dark landmark layer
cells begin to flatten, lose their organelles, their plasma membrane thickens
purple granules

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characteristics of stratum spinosum

point looking cells with spindle fibers
major layer of live cells
resists tension

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characteristics of stratum basale

basement layer
constant mitosis here
dark blobs on slide

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name what can cause cancer through the integumentary system

UV radiation

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what are the types of radiation and what do they do

UVA- skin aging
UVB- skin cancer; sunburns

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explain squamous cell carcinoma

develops in stratum spinosa
there is some kind of failure of apoptosis leaving cells around too long to get exposed to environment

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explain basal cell carcinoma

abnormal growth of basal cells
usually dont metastisize for a long time

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explain melanoma

can be in tissue never exposed to sun
cancer of melanocytes
systemic reaction to radiation
very malicious; often metastisizes to other organs

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What comprises the dermis

fibroblasts
fibers
mast cells
WBCs

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what are the two layers of the dermis

papillary
reticular

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what is the papillary layer of the dermis made of

areolar connective tissue

describe the papillary layer of dermis

very thin layer vary vascularized has meissner's corpuscles papilla dermal ridges form epidermal ridges which include fingerprints

what is the reticular layer of the dermis made of

dense irregular CT

what are cleavage lines

affect how incision gapes

what are flexure lines

folds around joints

what are the types of sudoriferous (non specified sweat gland)

eccrine apocrine ceruminous mammary

what are sudoriferous sweat glands made of

simple cuboidal ET

what mode of secretion do all sudoriferous sweat glands use

merocrine

describe eccrine sweat gland

most common has own pore on surface of skin used for thermoregulation and keeps microbes at bay

describe apocrine sweat gland

dont secrete until puberty axilla and anogenital regions attached to hair follicles/empties into follicle duct made of a lot fo lipids and keratinocytes acne when clogged

what is ceruminous sweat gland

earwax

what is mammary sweat gland

specialized

describe sebaceous glands

secrete sebum with the help of arrector pilli muscle found everywhere but palms and soles relatively inactive before puberty

how many nerve endings in integumentary system

numerous

what are merkle cells

light touch receptor where hair is

what are meissner's corpuscles

light touch in hairless areas located in dermal papilla

what is the arrector pili

muscle hair stands on end; connected to hair follicle helps to secrete sebum into follicle from sebaceous glands

what are pancinian corpuscles

intial pressure sensation and sensation of vibration deep touch

what does sebum do

protects skin makes skin soft waterproofing

what is wrapped around a hair bulb of follicle

nerve endings

where are merkel cells found

epidermis

what is the root hair plexus

light touch receptor in hairy areas

why dont meissner's corpuscles stain well

high lipid content of myelin casing

where is the pancinian corpuscle located

deep in skin usually hypodermis

what do free nerve endings do

detect pain and temperature

what is ruffini's recpetor

ongoing pressure

where are blood vessels in integumentary system

in superficial layer of dermis (CT) none in epidermis (ET) bigger BVs deeper in dermis

funtion of hair

no: surface protection, insulation (evolutionary situation) detects insects and other particles is a sensory organ (bending hairs) aids in thermoregulation with the arrector pili muscles

what is the anatomy of a hair follicle

core= papilla matrix covers papilla cortex covers matrix and medulla (where hair is) sheath surrounds it all cuticle= outermost single layer of keratinized cells

how do nails grown

the same as hair

what stratum layer of the epidermis is a landmark

statum granulosum because of keratin granules

what is the function of the dermal papillae

increase surface area vascularized to feed epidermis holds dermis and epidermis together/gives tissue more resistance

what type of tissue is the arrector pili made of

smooth muscle tissue

how do you distinguish between sweat and oil glands on a slide

oil glands hang off of hair follicle sweat glands looke like tubes or hose

what are sweat glands made of

stratified cuboidal ET