Lab: blood

Question 1

how many liters on average does a person have?

Answer 1

5L

Question 2

what percentage of plasma is water

Answer 2

90%

Question 3

what percentage of plasma is proteins and what are they?

Answer 3

9%
albumin
fibrinogen
transport proteins
clotting proteins
immune proteins (antibodies)

Question 4

what is contained in 1% of blood plasma

Answer 4

glucose, amino acids
ions
gasses
wastes

Question 5

what are the formed elements in blood

Answer 5

erythroytes

Question 6

what is the buffy coat in a blood sample made of

Answer 6

platelets
leukocytes

Question 7

describe the shape of an erythrocyte

Answer 7

biconcave shape

Question 8

which type of cell has no nucleus or organelles

Answer 8

erythrocytes

Question 9

what do erythrocytes do

Answer 9

carry O2 and CO2, contain millions of hemoglobin molecules

Question 10

which leukocytes are granulocytes

Answer 10

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 11

describe what neutrophils do

Answer 11

phagocytes that ingest and destroy bacterial cells using granule contents

Question 12

what percentage of leukocytes are neutrophils

Answer 12

60%

Question 13

describe the function of eosinophils

Answer 13

respond to infections with parasitic worms
mediates allergic response

Question 14

what percentage of leukocytes are eosinophils

Answer 14

3%

Question 15

describe the function of basophils

Answer 15

chemicals in granules mediate inflammation

Question 16

what percentage of leukocytes are basophils

Answer 16

less than 1%

Question 17

what are the agranulocytes

Answer 17

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 18

name the 2 types of lymphocytes and what they do

Answer 18

both are activated by antigens
B lymphocytes: produce antibodies which bind to and remove antigens from tissues
T lymphocytes: activate other immune system components and directly destroy abnormal body cells

Question 19

what percentage of leukocytes are lymphocytes

Answer 19

30-34%

Question 20

describe the function of monocytes/macrophages

Answer 20

exit capillaries to enter tissues where some mature into macrophages
macrophages are phagocytic cells that ingest dead and dying cells, bacteria, antigens, etc.

Question 21

what percentage of leukocytes are monocytes/macrophages

Answer 21

4-8%

Question 22

what is the final common pathway of hemostasis

Answer 22

prothrombin–>thrombin–>fibrinogen–>fibrin (in actuality plasminogen–>plasmin desolving the fibrin clot is the last step, but whatever ignore this)

Question 23

what antigen is present in Type A blood

Answer 23

only A antigen is present on erythrocytes

Question 24

what antigen is present in Type B blood

Answer 24

only B antigen is present on erythrocytes

Question 25

what antigen is present in Type AP blood

Answer 25

both A and B antigens are present on erythrocytes

Question 26

what antigen is present in Type O blood

Answer 26

neither A or B antigens are present on erythrocytes

Question 27

what antibodies are present in Type A blood

Answer 27

only anti-B antibodies are present in plasma

Question 28

what antibodies are present in Type B blood

Answer 28

only anti-A antibodies are present in plasma

Question 29

what antibodies are present in Type AB blood

Answer 29

No antibodies are present in plasma

Question 30

what antibodies are present in Type O blood

Answer 30

both anti- A and anti-B antibodies are present in plasma

Question 31

Rh+ and Rh- means..

Answer 31

Rh antigen or not on erythrocytes leading there to be 8 different common blood types

Question 32

what is the universal donor and why

Answer 32

O- (Type O without Rh antigen) because erythrocytes do not have A, B, nor Rh surface antigens

Question 33

what is the universal recipient and why

Answer 33

AB+ (Type AB with Rh antigen) because these individuals do not make antibodies to A, B, or Rh antigens

Question 34

where do platelets come from

Answer 34

megakaryocytes

Question 35

what are megakaryocytes

Answer 35

cells keep going through mitosis but not cytokinesis (giant cells with a bunch of DNA)

Question 36

name the leukocytes in order of most abundant to least abundant in the blood

Answer 36

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils (Never Let Molly Eat Bagels)

Question 37

what is hematocrit and what does it show pathologically

Answer 37

measures the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood shows anemia (too little RBCs for blood volume) or polycythemia (too many RBCs for blood volume)

Question 38

what is the equation that determines hematocrit

Answer 38

hematocrit= (length of erythrocytes/length of whole blood) * 100

Question 39

A

Answer 39

Question 40

B

Answer 40

Question 41

C

Answer 41

Question 42

A

Answer 42

Question 43

B

Answer 43