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BMS 300 > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

what type of tissue is the epidermis composed of

A

stratified squamous

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2
Q

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis

A

corner, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale (come lets go sun bathe)

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3
Q

what are keratinocytes held together by

A

desmosomes

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4
Q

what is the main cell of the epidermis

A

keritoncytes

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5
Q

what do mitotic stem cells in the basale do

A

differentiate keratinocytes and send them up

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6
Q

what are the 4 cells in the stratum basale

A

mitotic stem cells, melanocytes, and dendric and tactile cells

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7
Q

what are tactile and dendric cells responsible for

A

touch

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8
Q

what layer of the epidermis is responsible for fingerprints

A

stratum basale

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9
Q

what layer of the epidermis are “prickle cells”

A

stratum spinosum (when someone touches your spine, you feel prickly)

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10
Q

what’s with the keratinocytes in the spinosum layer

A

irregular shaped

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11
Q

what are the most abundant cells in the stratum spinosum

A

melanin and langerhan cells

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12
Q

what is a characteristic of the cells in granulosum

A

flattened

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13
Q

what layer of the epidermis does keratinization occur

A

stratum granulosum

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14
Q

what happens during keratinization

A

cells flatten, organelles are disintegrated, and outside hardens

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15
Q

what is the reason for keratinization in granulosum

A

too far from dermis = no nutrients

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16
Q

4 functions of keratohyaline granules in granulosum

A

cell dehydration, cross-linking filaments (tight junction), keratinization, produces eiliden

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17
Q

what is the clear layer of the epidermis

A

stratum lucidum

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18
Q

what’s with the keratinocytes in the lucidum

A

2-3 of flat, dead keratinocytes

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19
Q

what is the clear appearance in lucidum due to

A

eledin

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20
Q

where is stratum lucidum found

A

thick skin

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21
Q

what is the horny layer

A

stratum corneum (horny - corny)

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22
Q

what are horny scales

A

dead keratinocytes

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23
Q

what makes the stratum corneum water resistant

A

glycoproteins

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24
Q

how long do dead cells stay in stratum corneum

A

2 weeks

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25
what is the most abundant cell in the epidermis
keratinocytes
26
what are Merkel cells
touch receptors
27
what do merkel cells interact with
free nerve endings
28
where are langerhan cells found
epidermis
29
where are melanocytes found
between cells in basale
30
what are the vesicles that melanin lies in
melanosomes
31
how does melanin travel from cell to cell
long tubes from melanocytes
32
what is pigment donation
melanin entering the cell
33
what does pigment do in the cell
shields the nucleus
34
what do dead keratinocytes secrete
defensins (immune cells)
35
what causes jaundice
high levels of bilirubin
36
what are the 2 layers of the dermis
papillary and recticular
37
what layer of the dermis is more superficial
papillary (p in alphabet comes first)
38
what layer of the dermis is more deep
reticular
39
what is the tissue of the papillary layer
areolar CT
40
what does the areolar CT in the papillary layer contain
collagen and elastic fibers
41
what are the 3 components of the papillary layer
capillary loops, meissner corpuscles, and free nerve endings
42
what is the tissue of the recticular layer
dense irregular CT
43
what is the purpose of collagen
stretch
44
what is the purpose of elastin
strength
45
what are fingerprints
epidermal ridges that project into papillae
46
what is the purpose of fingerprints
surface area and friction
47
what is cleavage in the skin
parallel bundles/tension lines
48
what are goose bumps
erector pili
49
what are components of the dermis
hair follicle, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, blood vessel, erector pili
50
what are the cells responsible for sustained pressure
merkel (erkle could sustain a laugh)
51
what are the cells responsible for light pressure
tactile corpuscle (tacs are pushed lightly)
52
what cells are responsible for deep pressure
lamellated corpuscle (laminating something requires deep heat)
53
what cell is responsible for detecting hair being touched
root hair plexus
54
what cell detects stretch, deformation, and warmth
Ruffini corpuscle
55
what is tissue is the hypodermis made of
adipose and areolar tissue
56
what is the purpose of the hypodermis
anchor skin to underlying tissue
57
what are the 3 barriers of the integument for protection
chemical, physical, biological
58
how does the chemical barrier work for the integument
pH from bacteria, and melanin from UV
59
how does the physical barrier work for the integument
keratin and glycolipids block water
60
how does the biological barrier work for the integument
immune cells and defensins
61
what happens when the body is cold
dermal vessels dilate, blood circulation avoids surface
62
what happens when the body is hot
sweat gland activate, blood circulates to surface
63
what is the epidermis precursor to vitamin D synthesis
7 dehydrocholosterol
64
what does 7 dehydrocholesterol cause to be synthesized
vitamin D3
65
what does food intake cause to be synthesized
vitamin D3
66
where is vitamin D2 sent
to the liver
67
what does vitamin D3 cause to be synthesized
calcidiol
68
where is calcidiol sent to
the kidneys
69
what does calcidiol cause to be synthesized
vitamin D active form
70
what are the 2 ways the integument repairs
regeneration and fibrosis
71
what is fibrosis
replace damaged tissue with scare tissue
72
what regenerates the worst
skeletal
73
what regenerates the best
bone
74
how does cardiac muscle regenerate
fibrosis
75
what is the 1st step of wound healing
hemostasis
76
what happens in hemostasis
clotting of the blood, neutrophils prevent infection
77
what is the 2nd step of wound healing
inflammation
78
what happens in inflammation
WBCs prevent infection
79
what is the 3rd step of wound healing
proliferation
80
what happens in proliferation
rebuilding of tissue
81
what is the 4th step of wound healing
remodeling
82
what are denature proteins
tissue damaging proteins
83
what is aging most caused by
sun damage
84
what causes thin skin during aging
stratum basale activity decreases
85
what happens to dendritic cells in aging
decrease
86
what happens to vitamin D in aging
less
87
what causes someone to become paler during aging
less melanocytes
88
what happens to glandular activity in aging
decreases
89
what does a decrease in glandular activity cause
dry skin
90
what causes wrinkles
less elastic fibers
91
what causes acne
androgens stimulating sebaceous secretions
92
what is the function of sebum
carries oil/dead cells to surface
93
what is desquamation
skin shedding
94
how does glycemic index affect acne
if it's high, it increases acne
95
how does omega 3 affect acne
decreases cytokines
96
what does a decrease in cytokines cause
triggers inflammation
97
what are warts
abnormal growth of cytokines with papillomavirus
98
what is epidermolysis bullosa (EB)
skin blistering
99
how does skin blistering occur
epidermis separates from basal lamina
100
what is the base that cells anchor to
basal lamina
101
what are the 3 types of EB
EB simplex, junctional EB, dystrophic EB
102
what causes EB simplex
tonofilaments (tony's just a simple guy)
103
what causes junctional EB
hemidesmosomes (meet me at the junction heidi)
104
what causes dystrophic EB
anchoring junctions (its catostrophic to lose the anchor)
105
what is the most common kind of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
106
what is the type of cancer you can't see
basal cell carcinoma
107
where is squamous cell carcinoma found
spinosum and granulosum
108
what kind of cancer has a nucleus
squamous cell carcinoma
109
what kind of cancer is rough and bumpy
squamous cell carcinoma
110
where is melanoma found
basale melanocytes
111
what is the acronym for melanoma characterization
ABCDE
112
what does A stand for in the acronym for melanoma characterization
asymmetry
113
what does B stand for in the acronym for melanoma characterization
border
114
what does C stand for in the acronym for melanoma characterization
color
115
what does D stand for in the acronym for melanoma characterization
diameter
116
what does E stand for in the acronym for melanoma characterization
evolving appearance

BMS 300 (14 decks)

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