INTRO

Question 1

fixation to tissue ratio

Answer 1

10:1

Question 2

duration of fixation

Answer 2

3-5mm for 6-48 hours

Question 3

STUDY OF TISSUES COMPRISING OF THEIR CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Answer 3

histology

Question 4

introduction of pathology in Germany

Answer 4

1800s

Question 5

study of disease

Answer 5

pathology

Question 6

branch of histology concerned with the effects of diseases on microscopic structure of tissues

Answer 6

histopathology

Question 7

has diagnostic and research purpose

Answer 7

pathology department

Question 8

father of histopathology

Answer 8

Johannes Mueller

Question 9

discovered formalin

Answer 9

Blum (1892)

Question 10

founder of pathology

Answer 10

Malphigi

Question 11

interprets microscopically surgical and autopsy tissues

Answer 11

anatomic pathologist

Question 12

skills and knowledge on the methods used to prepare and process tissue samples for study

Answer 12

histotechniques

Question 13

prepares and stains tissues in prep for microscopic analysis

Answer 13

histotechnician

Question 14

step-by-step procedure in preparing tissues for microscopy

Answer 14

tissue processing

Question 15

2 main samples being processed

Answer 15

1. surgical material
2. autopsy material

Question 16

2 types of tissue examination

Answer 16

1. preserved tissue examination
2. fresh tissue examination

Question 17

simplest and least invasive test

Answer 17

fine needle aspiration

Question 18

uses small needle to remove cells from affected areas of abnormality

Answer 18

fine needle aspiration

Question 19

removes not only cells, but also small amount of the surrounding tissue

Answer 19

core needle biopsy

Question 20

the lesion will be sliced and a portion will be removed

Answer 20

incisional biopsy

Question 21

removal of the entire area in question

Answer 21

excisional biopsy

Question 22

primary technique for obtaining diagnostic full-thickness skin sample

Answer 22

punch biopsy

Question 23

what mm of cylindrical core of tissue sample is collected for punch biopsy

Answer 23

3-4 mm

Question 24

small fragments of tissues are shaved from a surface

Answer 24

shave biopsy

Question 25

tissue samples are scooped or spooned from a cavity

Answer 25

curettings

Question 26

apparatus for uterine curettage

Answer 26

vaginal speculum

Question 27

tissues are immersed in isotonic salt solution in a petri dish or watch glass

Answer 27

teasing or dissociation

Question 28

tissue is dissected with a needle and is separated direct or zigzag using an applicator stick

Answer 28

teasing

Question 29

tissue sample is placed between 2 slides and forcibly compressed and must not be more than 1mm in diameter

Answer 29

squash prep

Question 30

supravital stain is dropped at the junction via capillary action

Answer 30

squash prep

Question 31

used mainly for cancer diagnosis and cytological smear preparation

Answer 31

smear prep

Question 32

utilized for preparing thick secretions and may be made permanent by fixing while wet

Answer 32

smear prep

Question 33

categories of smear prep

Answer 33

a. streaking b. spreading c. pull-apart

Question 34

moderate thick film is created by teasing the mucus membrane strands

Answer 34

spreading

Question 35

spreading is recommended for what type of secretions

Answer 35

- fresh sputum - bronchial spirates - mucoid secretions

Question 36

a drop of secretion is placed between two slides then pulled apart with a single uninterrupted motion

Answer 36

pull apart

Question 37

the surface of a freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into contact and pressed onto the surface of a glass slide

Answer 37

impression smear

Question 38

cells are transferred directly and preserve anatomic structure of tissue

Answer 38

touch prep/ impression smear

Question 39

rapid pathologic diagnosis during surgery and is for diagnostic and research enzyme histochemistry

Answer 39

frozen section

Question 40

diagnostic and research demonstration of soluble substances such as lipids and carbohydrates

Answer 40

frozen section

Question 41

immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining

Answer 41

frozen section

Question 42

some specialized silver stains, particularly in neuropathology

Answer 42

frozen sections

Question 43

equipment in frozen section wherein tissue is placed on a platform, CO2 gas is used to freeze the tissue. once frozen the microtome blade slices the tissue

Answer 43

microtome with CO2

Question 44

thickness of tissue for microtome with CO2

Answer 44

5-10 um

Question 45

a microtome mounted inside a cold chamber

Answer 45

cryostat

Question 46

allows for cutting thin tissue sections at low temperature

Answer 46

cryostat

Question 47

temp recommended for cryostat

Answer 47

-10 to -20

Question 48

freezing agents

Answer 48

- liquid nitrogen - CO2 - isopentane - aerosol spray (cryowik)

Question 49

most rapid of the commonly available agent however, soft tissues may crack and may snap frozen

Answer 49

isopentane

Question 50

cooled by liquid nitrogen and it is an excellent freezing agent for muscle tissue

Answer 50

isopentane

Question 51

approx. temp of isopentane

Answer 51

-170C

Question 52

used in small pieces of tissue except for muscles

Answer 52

aerosol spray

Question 53

term used to describe the initial anoxic changes a tissue suffers when blood supply is cut off

Answer 53

warm ischemia

Question 54

lack of o2 once the tissue sample is removed from the patient's body and before all metabolic processes are stopped by fixation

Answer 54

cold ischemia