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PUBLIC HEALTH > Intro to Zoonotic Diseases > Flashcards

Intro to Zoonotic Diseases Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

Agent

A

the organism causing disease
can act alone or in concert w/ other organisms

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2
Q

agent infections can be _______or______

A

transient or chronic

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3
Q

reservoir aka

A

carrier
soruce of persistence in nature and infection in new hosts
in some cases, can be the env itself

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4
Q

“intermediate host” aka

A

*amplifier
* high levels of agent replication
* asymptomiatic infections in many cases

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5
Q

amplifiers are most commonly associated w/ _________ diseases

A

vector borne

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6
Q

what is a dead end host

A
  • agent does not replicate to the level necessary for further transmission
  • asymptomatic in many cases, but severe disease possible
  • often associated w/ vector borne diseases
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7
Q

Bacterial zoonotic infectious agents (3)

A
  • anthrax
  • brucellosis
  • plague
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8
Q

zoonotic infectious agents caused by viruses (3)

A
  • COVID-19
  • influenza
  • rabies
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9
Q

zoonotic infectious agents caused by Fungi (2)

A
  • Dermatophytes (superficial infections of skin, hair, nails)
  • Histoplasma
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10
Q

zoonotic infectious agent caused by prions (1)

A

mad cow dz

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11
Q

zoonotic infectious agents caused by parasites

A

Protozoa
- toxoplasma, giardia
- Helminths
- baylisascariasis, Trichinosis
- Anthropods
- scabies (mange)

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12
Q

Dogs and Cats are reservoirs for what zoonoses

A
  • Rabies
  • Roundworm
  • Ringworm
  • Cat scratch disease
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13
Q

Livestock are resevoir species for what zoonoses

A
  • Salmonella E.coli
  • Brucellosis, Q fever
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14
Q

Birds and Poultry are resevoir species for what zoonoses

A
  • Avian influenza
  • chlamydiosis
  • cryptococcus
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15
Q

Reptiles, Fish & Amphibians are resevoir species for what zoonoses

A
  • salmonella, mycobacterium
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16
Q

Wildlife are reservoirs for what zoonoses

A
  • Rabies
  • Hantavirus
  • Plague
  • Tularemia
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17
Q

Direct contact route of zoonotic disease transmission

A
  • infected tissue
  • bite wounds
  • body fluids
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18
Q

Indirect contact route of zoonotic disease transmission

Study These Flashcards
A
  • fomites (food/water dishes)
  • aerosol (coughing, sneezing, bedding, dander)
19
Q

Foodborne contact route of zoonotic disease transmission

Study These Flashcards
A

Contaminated food/water

20
Q

Vectorbornecontact route of zoonotic disease transmission

Study These Flashcards
A
  • rodents
  • mosquitoes
  • fleas
  • ticks
21
Q

infectious dose of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

22
Q

‘SIR’ model of pathogenesis

Study These Flashcards
A

Susceptible –> Infected/Symptomatic—>recovered/removed/dead

23
Q

there are over ______known zoonotic diseases, ____ are notifiable at a national level___% of which are known human pathogens, ____% are of new and emerging infectious diseases

Study These Flashcards
A

250, 25, 61%, 75%

24
Q

Traditional Health Management of farm animals

Study These Flashcards
A

vet called to farm to treat sick animal(s)
directed at treatment less towards prevention

25
Heard Health Management
**optimizes the health, welfare, and production** in a population of animals through * analysis of relevant data * regular observations of the animals and their env * allows for informed, timely decisions * focus on prevention * more proactive approach to health management * does not eliminate traditional management approaches
26
heard health prevention is based on....
identification of risk factors for disease: agent, animals, env
27
objectives of Herd Health Management
optomize.. ***health status** by preventing health, production and repro problems * **productivity**by improving herd management practices * **animal welfare**and ecological quality of end * quality and safety of dairy/meat products * **profitability**
28
what are the 3 organization in Animal Health Governance
* State dept of Agriculture * USDA/APHIS * World Org for Animal Health
29
who is AZ state vet
Dr. Ryan Walker
30
what are the responsibilities of the State Dept of Agriculture
* animal health + welfare regulations * classifying reportable diseases * animal import/export requirements
31
who is the Chief Veterinary Officer of the USDA APHIS
Dr. Rosemary Sifford
32
what are the responsibilities of the USDA/APHIS
same as state dept
33
who is the director of WOAH
Dr. Monique Eloit
34
what are the responsibilities of the WOAH
* set disease prevention and control measures * serves as point of contact for disease occurance * ensures members have access to tools necessary to respond to disease threats * fosters one health
35
what is Agroterrorism
the deliberate introduction of animal or plant disease for the purpose of generating fear, causing economic loss or undermining social stability
36
Departments and agencies responsible for protecting against agroterrorism
* Dept Homeland Security * USDA APHIS * USDA FSIS * USDA ARS (ag research)
37
1997 Confirmed Case of Agroterrorism
Introduction of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus in New Zealand
38
1985 Confirmed Case of Agroterrorism
Introduction of screwworm among livestock near Mexico/US border
39
1952 Confirmed Case of Agroterrorism
poisoning of cattle in Kenya w/ milk bush sap
40
new or newly identified pathogen or syndrome, or one that has resulted in new manifestations of an infectious disease
Emerging infection
41
previously identified or known pathogen that is increasing in incidence, expanding to a new geological area or affecting new population/species
Re-emerging / resurging infection
42
Characteristics of Emerging Diseases
* Largely zoonotic (60%) (majority originating in wildlife) * bacteria or rickettsia (54%) * increasing in frequncy * vector borne and drug resistant * emerging hotspots in tropical areas
43
emerging diseases are mostly...
bacteria

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