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PUBLIC HEALTH > Intro to Zoonotic Diseases > Flashcards

Intro to Zoonotic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Agent

A

the organism causing disease
can act alone or in concert w/ other organisms

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2
Q

agent infections can be _______or______

A

transient or chronic

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3
Q

reservoir aka

A

carrier
soruce of persistence in nature and infection in new hosts
in some cases, can be the env itself

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4
Q

“intermediate host” aka

A

*amplifier
* high levels of agent replication
* asymptomiatic infections in many cases

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5
Q

amplifiers are most commonly associated w/ _________ diseases

A

vector borne

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6
Q

what is a dead end host

A
  • agent does not replicate to the level necessary for further transmission
  • asymptomatic in many cases, but severe disease possible
  • often associated w/ vector borne diseases
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7
Q

Bacterial zoonotic infectious agents (3)

A
  • anthrax
  • brucellosis
  • plague
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8
Q

zoonotic infectious agents caused by viruses (3)

A
  • COVID-19
  • influenza
  • rabies
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9
Q

zoonotic infectious agents caused by Fungi (2)

A
  • Dermatophytes (superficial infections of skin, hair, nails)
  • Histoplasma
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10
Q

zoonotic infectious agent caused by prions (1)

A

mad cow dz

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11
Q

zoonotic infectious agents caused by parasites

A

Protozoa
- toxoplasma, giardia
- Helminths
- baylisascariasis, Trichinosis
- Anthropods
- scabies (mange)

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12
Q

Dogs and Cats are reservoirs for what zoonoses

A
  • Rabies
  • Roundworm
  • Ringworm
  • Cat scratch disease
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13
Q

Livestock are resevoir species for what zoonoses

A
  • Salmonella E.coli
  • Brucellosis, Q fever
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14
Q

Birds and Poultry are resevoir species for what zoonoses

A
  • Avian influenza
  • chlamydiosis
  • cryptococcus
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15
Q

Reptiles, Fish & Amphibians are resevoir species for what zoonoses

A
  • salmonella, mycobacterium
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16
Q

Wildlife are reservoirs for what zoonoses

A
  • Rabies
  • Hantavirus
  • Plague
  • Tularemia
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17
Q

Direct contact route of zoonotic disease transmission

A
  • infected tissue
  • bite wounds
  • body fluids
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18
Q

Indirect contact route of zoonotic disease transmission

A
  • fomites (food/water dishes)
  • aerosol (coughing, sneezing, bedding, dander)
19
Q

Foodborne contact route of zoonotic disease transmission

A

Contaminated food/water

20
Q

Vectorbornecontact route of zoonotic disease transmission

A
  • rodents
  • mosquitoes
  • fleas
  • ticks
21
Q

infectious dose of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

A

1 organism

22
Q

‘SIR’ model of pathogenesis

A

Susceptible –> Infected/Symptomatic—>recovered/removed/dead

23
Q

there are over ______known zoonotic diseases, ____ are notifiable at a national level___% of which are known human pathogens, ____% are of new and emerging infectious diseases

A

250, 25, 61%, 75%

24
Q

Traditional Health Management of farm animals

A

vet called to farm to treat sick animal(s)
directed at treatment less towards prevention

25
Q

Heard Health Management

A

optimizes the health, welfare, and production in a population of animals through
* analysis of relevant data
* regular observations of the animals and their env
* allows for informed, timely decisions
* focus on prevention
* more proactive approach to health management
* does not eliminate traditional management approaches

26
Q

heard health prevention is based on….

A

identification of risk factors for disease: agent, animals, env

27
Q

objectives of Herd Health Management

A

optomize..
*health status by preventing health, production and repro problems
* productivityby improving herd management practices
* animal welfareand ecological quality of end
* quality and safety of dairy/meat products
* profitability

28
Q

what are the 3 organization in Animal Health Governance

A
  • State dept of Agriculture
  • USDA/APHIS
  • World Org for Animal Health
29
Q

who is AZ state vet

A

Dr. Ryan Walker

30
Q

what are the responsibilities of the State Dept of Agriculture

A
  • animal health + welfare regulations
  • classifying reportable diseases
  • animal import/export requirements
31
Q

who is the Chief Veterinary Officer of the USDA APHIS

A

Dr. Rosemary Sifford

32
Q

what are the responsibilities of the USDA/APHIS

A

same as state dept

33
Q

who is the director of WOAH

A

Dr. Monique Eloit

34
Q

what are the responsibilities of the WOAH

A
  • set disease prevention and control measures
  • serves as point of contact for disease occurance
  • ensures members have access to tools necessary to respond to disease threats
  • fosters one health
35
Q

what is Agroterrorism

A

the deliberate introduction of animal or plant disease for the purpose of generating fear, causing economic loss or undermining social stability

36
Q

Departments and agencies responsible for protecting against agroterrorism

A
  • Dept Homeland Security
  • USDA APHIS
  • USDA FSIS
  • USDA ARS (ag research)
37
Q

1997 Confirmed Case of Agroterrorism

A

Introduction of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus in New Zealand

38
Q

1985 Confirmed Case of Agroterrorism

A

Introduction of screwworm among livestock near Mexico/US border

39
Q

1952 Confirmed Case of Agroterrorism

A

poisoning of cattle in Kenya w/ milk bush sap

40
Q

new or newly identified pathogen or syndrome, or one that has resulted in new manifestations of an infectious disease

A

Emerging infection

41
Q

previously identified or known pathogen that is increasing in incidence, expanding to a new geological area or affecting new population/species

A

Re-emerging / resurging infection

42
Q

Characteristics of Emerging Diseases

A
  • Largely zoonotic (60%) (majority originating in wildlife)
  • bacteria or rickettsia (54%)
  • increasing in frequncy
  • vector borne and drug resistant
  • emerging hotspots in tropical areas
43
Q

emerging diseases are mostly…

A

bacteria

PUBLIC HEALTH (18 decks)

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