stuff me don't know Flashcards
(46 cards)
odds ratio is utilized in what study type(s)
case control= observational study that compares 2 groups
relative ratio is used in what study type(s)
cohort studies + randomized clinical trials
what is a case-control study
- purpose is to establish association b/w risk factors and disease
- information is collected retrospectively
- Cases: Participants who have a condition of interest, such as a disease
- Controls: Participants who do not have a condition of interest
what type of comparison does relative risk make
used when comparing the outcomes of those who were exposed to something vs those who weren’t exposed
in the case of rare diseases, is the odds ratio similar or different than relative risk
should be nearly the same number
in what type of study are conditions highly controlled and causality can be inferred
experimental study
what is a cross over study
After the study progresses, the groups are switched
* Valuable when number of subjects is limited
* Potential confounder if the intervention has effects that carry-over to the next po
if sensitivity is high, what does that tell us about false negatives
sensitivity = % truly positive
if sensitivity is high, false negatives must be low
what does high specificity mean
confidence that an animal w/ a positive test result HAS the disease
what does high sensitivity mean
confidence that an animal w/ a negative test result does not have disease
when would you run parallel testing, and what can it tell you
to improve sensitivity
proves you DONT have the disease
- negative if both tests (-)
when would you run serial testing, what can it tell you
to improve specificity
proves you HAVE the disease
- run screening test, then a confirmatory one
positive predictive value is tied to what
prevalence
what should be used to know the chance that a patient has a disease if they get a positive result
PPV
what should be used for best clinical interpretation of test results
likelihood ratio
what does likelihood ratio tell us
incorporates the probability that the test is + in patients w/ and w/out disease
what is a case report
an in depth study of one case
no comparisons
what is a case series
3+ cases involving patients given similar treatments
no comparison group
what is a cross sectional study
looks at data from a single point in time
what is an ecological study
units of analysis are populations or groups of people rather than individuals
what is the population at risk (PAR)
members (animal or human) of the overall population who are capable of developing the disease or condition being studied
usually the denominator in rate calculations
examples of things that crude rate measures
- prevalence
- incidence
- morbidity rate
- mortality rate
what is the difference b/w incidence and prevalence?
incidence is the number of NEW cases during a specified time period
prevalence is the number of persons w/ the disease
what things cause prevalence to increase
- increase in incidence
- increase of the duration of disease
- in migration of cases
- prolongation of life of patients w/out cure
