Livestock associated Zoonoses

Question 1

Anthrax is from the bacterium…

Answer 1

Bacillus anthracis
found in soil

Question 2

anthrax primarily affects

Answer 2

ruminants
usually found dead without clinical signs

Question 3

clinical signs of anthrax in animals

Answer 3

fever up to 107, congested mucous membranes, dypsnea, depression, convulsions

pigs tend to have edema of head

Question 4

control of anthrax in animals

Answer 4

vaccinate in endemic areas
quarantine
hygiene and proper carcass disposal
don’t open carcass if disease suspected

Question 5

anthrax in humans

Answer 5

get infected when in contact w/ infected tissues or animal products
* not contagious

Question 6

3 forms of anthrax transmission

Answer 6

Inhalation - Respiratory form
Ingestion - GI form
Contact w/ skin wounds - Cutaneous form

Question 7

anthrax prevention in humans

Answer 7

cases are v. rare in US
human vaccine exists but only for military
precautions when handling suspect tissues or animals
control of imported meats/animal pdts

Question 8

importation of animal hides in US has been associated w/…

Answer 8

anthrax

Question 9

Bovine tuberculosis comes from

Answer 9

Mycobacterium bovis

occurs worldwide
primarily a disease of cattle

Question 10

Bovine tuberculosis transmission

Answer 10

via respiratory route or ingestion
most animals are dead-end hosts
some animal reservoirs: deer in US, opossums in NZ, badgers in UK, Bison in Can

Question 11

Clinical signs of Bovine TB

Answer 11

primarily affects the respiratory system and associated LNs
can be disseminated to other organs

Question 12

Bovine TB control in animals

Answer 12

eradication program established in 1917 in US
- routine testing in dairy cattle
- postmortem inspection
- contact tracing

Question 13

TB in humans is mostly caused by what virus

Answer 13

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 14

people most often get infected w/ M.bovis how

Answer 14

eating / drinking unpasteurized dairy products
direct contact w/ wound

Question 15

___out of the 9 Brucella species can infect humans

Answer 15

5

Question 16

what is the most pathogenic and invasive Brucella species for humans

Answer 16

• B. melitensis (from small ruminants)
  B. suis (pigs)
  B. abortus (cattle)
  B. canis (dogs)

Question 17

clinical signs of Brucellosis in animals

Answer 17

infertility
abortions
epididymitis

Question 18

control of brucellosis in animals

Answer 18

vaccination of cattle
testing and culling

Question 19

brucellosis is usually referred to as a fever of ____origin in humans

Answer 19

unknown
can be confused w/ other diseases

person to person transmission rarely occurs

Question 20

control of Brucellosis in people

Answer 20

training of personnel on handling livestock abortions (proper PPE and disposal)
training of personnel on proper vaccine techniques

Question 21

disease whose vaccine can cause the disease in humans

Answer 21

Brucellosis

Question 22

Cryptosporidiosis comes from…

Answer 22

coccidian parasite, cryptosporidium

Question 23

Cryptosporidiosis in animals is often caused by what species

Answer 23

C. parvum

typically a disease of dairy calves or lambs

Question 24

Cryptosporidiosis transmission and symptoms in calves

Answer 24

transmission is by ingestion of oocysts
D+ in neonatal calves
C. parvum is ubiquitous on US dairy farms

Question 25

number on cause of D+ in dairy calves in the US

Answer 25

Cryptosporidiosis Parvum (C. parvum)

Question 26

Cryptosporidiosis prevention in calves

Answer 26

no specific txt disinfection ensuring passive transfer of immunity? colostrum?

Question 27

Cryptosporidiosis strain in humans

Answer 27

C. hominis (human-adapted species) and C. parvum

Question 28

C. hominis and C. parvum symptoms in people

Answer 28

D+ may be fatal in immunocompromised people outbreaks occur in daycares, pools and contaminated potable water

Question 29

Cryptosporidiosis control in humans

Answer 29

hygiene PPE to prevent occupational exposure (disease common among vet students) use of proper disinfectants (hydrogen peroxide, NOT alcohol)

Question 30

what bacterium causes Q fever

Answer 30

Coxiella burnetii naturally infects sheep, goats, cattle

Question 31

bacterium that is shed in birth products (placenta, amniotic fluid), urine, feces and milk of infected animal

Answer 31

C. burnetti (Q fever)

Question 32

Q fever in humans

Answer 32

people can get infected by breathing in dust that has been contaminated by infected animal feces, urine, milk, birth products some people never get sick but those who do get flu like symptoms

Question 33

pregnant women infected w/ this disease may be at risk for miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-term delivery, low birth weight

Answer 33

Q fever

Question 34

Q fever control

Answer 34

avoid contact w/ animals esp ones close to parturition don't consume raw milk / milk pdts

Question 35

Q fever is a notifiable disease where

Answer 35

all states

Question 36

Contagious ectherma (Orf) comes from what organism

Answer 36

parapoxvirus (poxvirus) usually disease of sheep and goats

Question 37

what does Orf effect

Answer 37

mucocutaneous junction of mouth in lambs and goats can also affect teats

Question 38

T/F: Orf is usually self limiting

Answer 38

T but if virulent, causes death

Question 39

what causes Orf in humans

Answer 39

contamination of wounds when in contact w/ infected tissue, animals or formites

Question 40

Orf prevention in animals

Answer 40

commercial vaccine (might not be effective..)

Question 41

Orf prevention in humans

Answer 41

PPE

Question 42

Leptospirosis is caused by what bacterium

Answer 42

Leptospira affects mult. animal species

Question 43

what strains of lepto infect cattle

Answer 43

L. hardjo, pomona, canicola, lcterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa

Question 44

lepto signs in cattle

Answer 44

abortions blood tinged urine blood in milk infertility, early embryonic death acute deaths (uncommon)

Question 45

lepto control in animals

Answer 45

vaccines, minimize access to wildlife

Question 46

humans can be infected w/ lepto through...

Answer 46

contact w/ urine (or other body fluids except saliva) of infected animals contact w/ water, soil, food contaminated w/ urine of infected animal

Question 47

clinical signs of lepto in humans

Answer 47

high fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, jaundice, red eyes

Question 48

lepto prevention in humans

Answer 48

avoid contact w/ soil or animals that are potentially infected PPE