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PUBLIC HEALTH > WEEK TWO > Flashcards

WEEK TWO Flashcards

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1
Q

What is PLIT

A

Professional, Liability, Business, Personal insurance for vets from AVMA

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2
Q

What is NIOSH

A

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- part of CDC
- Veterinary Safety and Health section

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3
Q

What website has resources to identify and address the priority veterinary workplace safety and health hazards

A

NIOSH Vet Safety and Health Section

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4
Q

What is the hierarchy of controls

A

Elimination - physically remove the hazard
Substitution - replace the hazard
Engineering - isolate people from the hazard
Administrative - change the way people work
PPE - protect worker with PPE

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5
Q

What tiers of the hierarchy of controls are the most difficult to adopt into an existing process and are best used at the design or development stage?

A

Elimination and substitution

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6
Q

What do engineering controls do

A

Reduce or prevent hazards from coming into contact w/ workers

Ex: modifying equipment or the workspace, using protective barriers, ventilation, etc

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7
Q

what do administrative controls do

A

Establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency and intensity of exposure to hazards
- ex: training, job rotation, ensuring adequate breaks, etc

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8
Q

Why is PPE at the bottom of the hierarchy of controls

A
  • PPE is subject to human frailty. It requires correct and consistent use
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9
Q

Top 10 veterinary OSHA violations

A
  1. Hazard Communication Program
  2. Certification of PPE Assesment
  3. Fire and Emergency plans
  4. Employee training documentation
  5. MSDS
  6. Appropriate PPE
  7. Chemical Labeling
  8. OSHA Forms
  9. Human food in unsafe areas
  10. Waste anesthetic gases
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10
Q

What is defined as medical waste

A

EPA: “any solid waste that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals…”

  • needles and syringes
  • used bandages and gloves
  • animal tissue
  • blood / feces
  • meds
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11
Q

What is Regulated Medical Waste (RMW)

A
  • subset of medical waste that “poses a significant risk of transmitting infection to people”

Typically includes:

sharp wastes (needles, syringes w/ attached needles, suture needles, scalpels)

Animal bodies, bedding and related waste when animals are infected with organisms likely to be pathogenic to human health

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12
Q

Non-infectious animal tissues would be considered what waste type

A

Biomedical waste, can be put into regular solid waste stream

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13
Q

What is considered bio hazardous medical waste

A
  • cultures and stocks generated in the diagnosis, txt, or immunization of animals in the production / eating of biologicals
  • medical sharps
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14
Q

What are the 2 ways medical sharps can be handled

A
  1. Generator (the hospital) treats bio hazardous waste on site
  2. Generator ships the waste off site fo txt
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15
Q

When would syringes NOT need to be placed in sharps bin

A
  • if they are not composed on biohazardous waste and don’t contain discarded drugs or regulated substances
  • if they never had a needle attached
  • needle has been removed
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16
Q

Where can a sharps contained not be placed

A

In areas that are used to store food or medical supplies

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17
Q

How long can biohazardous medical waste be stored

A

90 days or less

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18
Q

Hazardous waste characteristics

A
  • ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity , toxicity
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19
Q

What category of waste is the sharps container if:

You dispose a needle that was used to give IV fluids into sharps container

A

Biohazardous medical waste

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20
Q

What category of waste is the IV line if…
A pharmaceutical listed as hazardous waste is being given and during the process, the IV line is contaminated w/ blood

A

Biomedical waste

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21
Q

What category of waste is the sharps container if you dispose of an IV line in it

A

Biomedical waste

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22
Q

What is VETCA

A

Vet Compliance Assistance
- funded by the EPA
- provides pollution prevention and compliance assistance information

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23
Q

What substances are categorized as Biological Substance, Category A

A
  • materials known to contain certain etiologic agents
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24
Q

What substances are categorized as Bio Substance, Category B?

A
  • excreta, secreta, blood and its components, tissues, fluids, etc which the shipper believes MAY contain an etiologic agent that is being shipped for the PURPOSES OF DIAGNOSIS or INVESTIGATION
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25
What is an etiologic agent
An infectious substance transported in a form which, when exposure occurs, is capable of causing permanent disability or a life threatening / fatal disease to humans or animals
26
what biological substance category would confirmed cultures of organisms such as Bacillus anthrasis, Brucella abortus, Chlamydia psittacisme or Eastern equine encephalitis virus
Category A
27
What biological substance category would samples that are suspicious for organisms such as lepto or suspected but not confirmed cases of category A infectious substances
Category B
28
What is exempt from classification as category A or B bio substance
Materials that don’t contain an infectious substance or that is unlikely to cause disease in humans / animals - samples collected for routine testing, not related to the diagnosis of an infectious diasease - blood chemistries, diagnosis of non-infectious disease like cancer biopsies
29
What category of biological waste requires specific formal training and documentation on the shipping process
Category A
30
How do you treat carcasses to prevent secondary poisoning from pentobarbital
Incinerate or cremate Immediately bury deeply based on local laws/ regulations * rendering is not acceptable and composting leaves residues
31
What organization provides guidelines for the depopulation of animals
AVMA
32
What are some facts that increase the risk of disease in disaster
- animal stress -overcrowding - increment weather conditions - exposure to wildlife Etc
33
General mitigation / prevention protocols in disaster
- clean water - provision of safe food - wash hands - prompt feces disposal - animal bite prevention - prevent contact w/ wild animals - prompt carcass disposal
34
Main zoonotic diseases in disasters
- anthrax - avian flu - brucellosis - hantavirus - plague - rabies - tuberculosis - tularemia - west Nile
35
Organisms that occur naturally in animal but pose hazard to people handling animal carcasses
- clostridia - cryptosporidium - Escherichia coil - giardia - listeria - salmonella
36
Considerations to keep in mind for euthanasia
- methods / drug type - rendering - risk to wildlife
37
What are the main methods of carcass disposal
- burial - incineration - composting - rendering - alkaline hydrolysis
38
Burial considerations to be aware of
- topography - soil type - slope - flood plains - property lines - proximity of bodies to water / drinking wells
39
Types of incineration
Open air burning Air curtain incineration Fixed facility incineration (crematorium)
40
What is alkaline hydrolysis
Uses heat, pressure, time and an alkali catalyst to hydrolyse biological materials into peptides, proteins, sugars, soaps
41
What is community engagement
Process of enabling conversations and building relationships b/w people who have a role or interest in an issue in their community
42
What are some barriers to increasing levels of community participation
Limited time Restricted budgets Differing social status b/w stakeholders
43
What is co-option
Token representatives are chosen but have no real input or power
44
What is compliance and informing
Tasks are assigned w/ incentives, outsiders decide the agenda and directing the process
45
What is consultation
Local options are sought, with outsiders analyzing and deciding on a course of action
46
What is cooperation
Local people work together w/ outsiders to determine priorities, w/ the rest of the responsibility for directing the process remaining w/ outsiders
47
What is co-learning
Local people and outsiders share their knowledge to create new understanding and work together to form action plans, w/ outsider facilitation OR Locals representing several stakeholders set their own agenda and mobilize to carry it out without outside facilitation
48
What is a workshop
A single, short educational program to teach or introduce skills, techniques or ideas
49
Common features of workshops
- small (6-15 people) - conducted by people with experience in the subject - often participatory - informal, discussion based - time limited (single session) - self contained
50
When is a good time to conduct a workshop?
- a the beginning of something new - initial training of staff / volunteers - the in-service or ongoing training of staff / volunteers - to demonstrate a new concept - explain something new to public
51
3 phases of a workshop
- planning (delivery) - prep (logistics) - implementation
52
What is the most important consideration when planning a workshop
Your audience
53
What is an ideal workshop size
8-12 Groups smaller than 6-8 may not have enough opinions/questions/ideas More than 15 may make it had to hear from everyone
54
What are typical lengths of workshops
Short (45-90 min) good for introducing or discussing a new concept, not helpful for skills Medium (90 min - 3 hrs) can address ideas and concepts in some depth and teach some skill Long (3+ hours) can present ideas/concepts in great detail and conduct several activities 6 hour workshop is max
55
What should the reading level of workshop materials be
8th grade or less
56
What is the purpose of ICAM (international companion anima management control)
Formed to support the development and use of humane and effective companion animal population management worldwide They publish guidance for use by government, NGOs and IGOs
57
Who does ICAM believe is responsible for animal population management
ICAM believes that legal and fiscal responsibility for animal pop. Management resides with local and central government
58
What is the goal of dog population management
Improvement in dog welfare alongside benefits for public and environmental health DPM aims to have a sustained influence on the processes within dog population dynamics to change sub-populations in a targeted way
59
What are dog population dynamics
The different sub-populations of dogs that interact to form the whole dog population - considers the process of births, deaths and reproduction to account for how dogs Exeter/leave the population
60
DPM is not considered humane if…
- it includes the indiscriminate killing of dogs, killing roaming dogs, or uses killing as the sole measure of population management
61
Why is focusing only on the roaming dog population an ineffective form of DPM
Doesn’t address the source of these dogs
62
What are the principles of DPM
- humane and ethical - adapted to local dog population dynamics - sustained and adaptive - evidence based design monitoring and evaluation - focuses on root causes
63
Why can sterilization briefly cause an increase in population sizes
- sterilized dogs live longer
64
What should basic health care for dogs include
- preventative care (vaccines and deworming) - txt of health problems - ending suffering
65
changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool is what hierarchy of control
elimination
66
modifying equipment or the workspace, using protective barriers, ventilation, and more is what hierarchy of control
engineering
67
establishing work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards This may include: Work process training, job rotation, ensuring adequate rest breaks is what hierarchy of control
administrative

PUBLIC HEALTH (18 decks)

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