Neck Imaging Modality for Bones
Plain Film & CT
Neck Imaging Modality for Spinal Cord & Nerves
MRI
Neck Imaging Modality for Soft Tissues (glands, lymph nodes, muscles)
Ultrasound, CT & MRI
Neck Imaging Modality for Vessels
Ultrasound, CT & MRI
Cervical Spine X-Ray Landmarks
What are the 3 lines of a cervical spine x-ray
Which imaging modality would be used
so true bestie
Neck Imaging Angles
REVISE (WILL NOT TAKE TOO LONG TO ADD YOU JUST NEED TO ADD PICTURES, JUST SLIDES 18-25 ARE FINE)
Thorax Imaging Modality for Lungs
Plain film & CT
Thorax Imaging Modality for Heart
Ultrasound & MRI
** CT SHOWS SNAPSHOT AND DOESN’t SHOW ITS DYNAMIC FUNCTION
Thorax Imaging Modality for Bone
Plain film & CT
Thorax Imaging Modality for Spinal Cord & Nerves
MRI
Thorax Imaging Modality for Vessels
CT
Carina on CXR
Major Fissure of Lungs
Another name for the oblique fissures of either lung
Minor Fissure
Another word for the horizontal fissure of the right lung
Which angle of CT shows a better angle of the lung lobes
Saggital CT Scan
What divides the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum
The anterior is anterior to the pericardium, the middle is within and the posterior is posterior to the mediastinum and anterior to the vertebral column
What divides the superior and inferior mediastinum
The Sternal Angle
REVISE ADD PICTURE OF THE PARTS OF THE HEART INDICATED ON X-RAY
GO THROUGH LECTURE AND DONT MAKE NOTES, BUT JUST OBSERVE THE AXIAL CT SCANS
DR ABCDE
CXR Interpretation Technique
Demographics
Radiograph quality
Airway Breathing Cardiac Diaphragm Everything Else
Discuss the R of DR ABCDE
Radiograph quality
Rotation (medial end of clavicles should be equidistant from spinous processes)
Inspiration (Anterior part of 5th-7th ribs should meet diaphragm at midclavicular line)
Penetration (Should be able to make out vertebral anatomy)
Exposure technique (AP vs PA, erect or supine)
Why PA not AP in CXR
Less beam divergence in PA (AP shows enlarged heart/mediastinum) Lower dose (PA can be taken at greater distance from source)
Why might AP often be taken
AP is often taken when a patient is supine, difficult to perform full inspiration though so lung may appear hazy
Discuss the A of DR ABCDE
Airway
Is trachea central or aerated
Carina angle (<100 degrees could indicate pathology)
Discuss the B of DR ABCDE
Breathing
Systemically compare both lungs for symmetry
Ensure lung markings can be seen extending to periphery
Discuss the C of DR ABCDE
Cardiac
Ensure heart borders are well demarcated
CTR (<0.5 on PA) and cardiomediastinal outline
Density shoukd be homogenous and lung markings should be visible behind heart
Discuss the D of DR ABCDE
Diaphragm
Ensure hemidiaphragms are well demarcated
Follow all the way to costophrenic & costodiaphragmatic angles
Check below hemidiaphragm for free gas
Discuss the E of DR ABCDE
Everything Else
Hilar (Ensure R not higher than L)
Implants & Devices (indicates patient’s history)
Line and Tubes (indicates patients current state)
Apices (masses and small pneumothoraces can be easily missed)
Ribs (and other bones to assess for fractures/metastases)
How might a right pleural effusion look on a CXR
How might a left tension pneumothorax look on a CXR
