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Medicine 2 Week 6 - 11 > Joints of Lower Limbs > Flashcards

Joints of Lower Limbs Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

State the innervation of synovial joints

A

Richly Innervated

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2
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint

A

Ball and Socket Joint

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3
Q

Possible movements of the hip joint

A

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
In/Outward Rotation

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4
Q

Ligaments at the Hip

A
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5
Q

Role of Iliofemoral Ligament

A

Prevents Hyperextension

**STRONG

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6
Q

Role of Pubofemoral Ligament

A

Prevents Excessive Abduction

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7
Q

Strength of Ischiofemoral Ligament

A

Weak

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8
Q

How might a posterior hip dislocation occur

A
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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Shenton’s Line and its importance

A

maginary curved line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus (superior border of the obturator foramen) and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur

This line should be continuous and smooth, if not then it can indicate pathologies - mainly a fracture

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

Muscles that cross the hip joint

A 
Gluteal Muscles
Hamstrings
Iliopsoas
Pectinues
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris (Not the rest of quads)
Adductor/Medial Thigh Muscles
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13
Q

Role of Iliopsoas

A

Chief Flexor of hip joint

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14
Q

Which gluteal muscles are innervated by what

A

Gluteus Maximus - Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Gluteus Medius/Minimus - Superior Gluteal Nerve

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15
Q

What test is used to test for superior gluteal nerve damage

A

Trendelenburg Test

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16
Q

What type of joint is the knee

A

Hinge Synovial Joint

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17
Q

Main role of knee joint

A

Flexion & Extension

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18
Q

Structures that pass the knee compartment

A

Hamstrings

Quadriceps

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19
Q

What are the two collateral ligaments of the knee

20
Q

What is the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Study These Flashcards
A

(Patella Lig Rolled Down)

21
Q

Role of ACL

Study These Flashcards
A

Limits posterior rolling of femur on tibia and hyperextension

22
Q

What is the Posterior Cruciate Ligament

23
Q

Role of PCL

Study These Flashcards
A

Limits anterior rolling of femur on tibia and hyperflexion

24
Q

How are the collateral ligaments of the knee during full extensions

25
Role of cruciate ligaments in general
Preventing too much rotation (more so medial rotation)
26
How to test the collateral ligaments
Take leg in hands with knee straight Try to abduct/adduct the knee There should be very little movement **TCL PREVENTS ADDUCTION
27
How to test cruciate ligaments **DRAWER TEST
Patient lies with knee flexed at 90 degrees Sit on foot of leg to be tested Pull leg forward from tibia to test ACL, push back to test PCL There should be little movement
28
Menisci of the knee
C/O-Shaped pad of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber, Each knee has two
29
Role of the menisci
Important in shock absorption
30
Which meniscus is more mobile
The Lateral meniscus is more mobile than the medial
31
Relations of femur to tibia during knee rotation
Some medial rotation of femur on tibia **MANY MUSCLES RELAX IN THIS POSITION
32
How is the knee unlocked
Popliteus contracts to laterally rotate teh femur on the tibia by about 5 degrees
33
34
What arteries supply the knee
Genicular Arteries
35
What type of joint is the ankle joint
Hinge type synovial joint
36
Is the ankle more stable during dorsiflexion or plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion, it is relatively unstable during plantarflexion
37
Describe the articulations at the ankle joint
Tibia/Fibula form a mortise into which the body of the talus fits
38
What muscles cross the ankle joint
Posterior Leg Compartment - Triceps Surae - Superficial (Plantaris) - Deep group Lateral Compartment of the Leg Anterior Compartment of Leg
39
40
Where are ankle anastomoses derived from
Medial & Lateral Malleolar Branch
41
What are the three lateral ankle ligaments
42
What is the most common ankle injury
Inversion injury
43
What ankle injury is most likely to be damaged in an ankle sprain
Anterior Talofibular Ligament **CAN BE PARTIALLY OR FULLY TORN
44
Pott Fracture
Forced Eversion Fracture Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament Torn Medial Ligament is strong so can fracture medial malleolus Talus moves laterally so lateral malleolus or fibula may fracture
45
Transverse tarsal joint
Compound Joint formed of Tarsonavicular joint and Calcaneocuboid joint
46
Usual Site for surgical amputation of foot
Transverse Tarsal Joint
47
Hilton Law
Nerve supplying muscles that cross over and act on a joint, also innervate that joint

Medicine 2 Week 6 - 11 (54 decks)

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