KA7 U2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Atherosclerosis
It’s the accusation of fatty material forming and atheroma/plaque beneath the endothelium
What does the fatty material include
Cholesterol
Calcium
Fibrous material
Effects of atheroma growth and blood pressure
•Artery thickens and loses it’s elasticity
•lumens diameter decreases
•blood pressure is increased as blood flow is restricted
Atherosclerosis is the root cause of many CVD’S
• Angina
•stroke
•heart attack
•PVD
An atheroma may rupture and this may?
Damage the endothelium
This damage releases clotting factors resulting in a cascade of reactions
- The conversion of enzyme prothrombin to its active form thrombin
- Thrombin makes molecules of plasma protein “fibronigen” to form threads of fibrin.
- Fibrin forms a meshwork that clots the blood
- Clot seals the wound and provide scaffolding for formation of scar tissue
What is the formation of a thrombus/clot referred to as
Thrombosis
In some case a thrombus may break lose forming an
Embolus
This travels through the blood stream until it
Blocks a blood vessel
A thrombus in a coronary artery leads to
Myocardial farction
A thrombus in a brain artery
Stroke
In both cases
The cells are deprived of sippy of oxygen leading to the death of tissues
What is the narrowing of the arteries considered as
PVD
What does PVD affect
Arteries to the legs
Blood flow is restricted and
Pain is felt due to limit of o2
What is cholesterol
Type of lipid found in the cell membrane and used to make sex hormones
Where is cholesterol made
By all cells, 25% is made in the liver
A diet high in saturated fats or cholesterol increases
Cholesterol in blood
HDL do what
Transport cholesterol from the body cells to liver for elimination
LDL does what
Transports cholesterol to the body cells
Most cells have LDL receptors
So they take in LDL and release cholesterol
Negative feed back part 1
•cell has adequate amount of cholesterol
•making of new LDL receptors is inhibited
• Excess LDL circulated in blood
•LDL may deposits cholesterol in arteries, forming an atheroma
Methods to prevent excess cholesterol in blood
•regular physical activity
= lowers cholesterol in blood and reduced chance of atherosclerosis
•reduce total fat and replace saturated with unsaturated fats in diet
•prescriptions medicines
= drugs like statin lower cholesterol by inhibiting the making of cholesterol by liver cells
