KEY ASSOCIATION V

Question 1

Epidural hematoma

Answer 1

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

Question 2

Subdural hematoma

Answer 2

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

Question 3

Dementia

Answer 3

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)

Question 4

Demyelinating disease in young women

Answer 4

Multiple sclerosis

Question 5

Brain tumor (adults)

Answer 5

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including

glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

Question 6

Pituitary tumor

Answer 6

Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma

Question 7

Brain tumor (kids)

Answer 7

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Question 8

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

Answer 8

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 9

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

Answer 9

Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined
degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal,
spinocerebellar tracts affected)

Question 10

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Answer 10

Membranous nephropathy

Question 11

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Answer 11

Minimal change disease

Question 12

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Answer 12

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

Question 13

Kidney stones

Answer 13

Calcium = radiopaque

Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease
⊕ organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and
S saprophyticus)

Uric acid = radiolucent

Cystine = faintly radiopaque

Question 14

Renal tumor

Answer 14

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

Question 15

Obstruction of male urinary tract

Answer 15

BPH

Question 16

1° amenorrhea

Answer 16

Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46,XX mosaic)

Question 17

Neuron migration failure

Answer 17

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

Question 18

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Answer 18

DES exposure in utero

Question 19

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

Answer 19

Serous cystadenoma

Question 20

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

Answer 20

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Question 21

Tumor in women

Answer 21

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

Question 22

Gynecologic malignancy

Answer 22

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical
carcinoma (most common worldwide)

Question 23

Breast mass

Answer 23

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Question 24

Breast tumor (benign, young woman)

Answer 24

Fibroadenoma

Question 25

Breast cancer

Answer 25

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 26

Testicular tumor

Answer 26

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), placental ALP

Question 27

Pulmonary hypertension

Answer 27

Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg, HF), lung

disease (eg, COPD), hypoxemic vasoconstriction (eg, OSA), thromboembolic (eg, PE)

Question 28

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Answer 28

Virchow triad ( risk of thrombosis)

Question 29

SIADH

Answer 29

Small cell carcinoma of the lung