Knee Joint

Question 1

What are the tendons around the knee joint

Answer 1

The quadriceps tendon, patellar tendon and the tendon of biceps femoris

Question 2

What are the muscles related to the knee joint

Answer 2

Sartorius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus and gracilis

Question 3

What type of joint is the knee joint

Answer 3

A modified hinge joint

Question 4

What are the articulations of the knee joint

Answer 4

Femoropatellar articulation and two femorotibial articulation

Question 5

What bone does not articulate at the knee joint

Answer 5

Fibula

Question 6

What are the bones involved in the knee joint

Answer 6

The femur, tibia and patella

Question 7

What are the articular surfaces involved in the knee joint

Answer 7

The patellar surface, medial condyle, intercondylar fossa/notch, lateral condyle, intercondylar eminence, apex of the patella and the lateral and medial facets of the patella

Question 8

What does the capsule of the knee joint fuse with anteriorly

Answer 8

The quadriceps tendon, patella and ligamentum patellae

Question 9

What does the knee capsule enclose posteriorly

Answer 9

The intercondylar fossa of the femur

Question 10

What does the synovial membrane attach to

Answer 10

The alar folds and infrapatellar synovial fold

Question 11

What do the medial and lateral alar folds cover

Answer 11

The inner surface of the fats pads, on either side of the patellar ligament

Question 12

What are the bursae around the knee joint

Answer 12

Suprapatellar, subcutaneous patellar, subcutaneous infrapatellar, deep infrapatellar, gastrocnemius, semimembranosus, anserine and popliteus

Question 13

Which bursae are in communication with the synovial cavity of the knee joint

Answer 13

Suprapatellar, gastrocnemius, semimebranosus and popliteus

Question 14

What are the extracapsular ligaments

Answer 14

The oblique popliteal, arcuate popliteal, and medial and lateral collateral

Question 15

What are the intracapsular ligaments

Answer 15

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Question 16

What is the arcuate popliteal ligament

Answer 16

A thickening of the capsule over popliteus

Question 17

Function of the arcuate popliteal

Answer 17

Strengthens the posterolateral joint capsule

Question 18

What is the medial collateral ligamnet

Answer 18

A strong, flat thickening of the capsule

Question 19

Where does the medial collateral run from/to

Answer 19

The medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and superior medial surface of the tibia

Question 20

Where do the deep fibres of the medial collateral attach to

Answer 20

The middle meniscus

Question 21

Characteristic of the lateral collateral ligament

Answer 21

Strong and cord-like

Question 22

Where does the lateral collateral run from/to

Answer 22

The lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral head of the fibula

Question 23

What is the function of the cruciate ligaments

Answer 23

To maintain contact between the femoral and tibial articular surfaces

Question 24

What does the posterior cruciate prevent

Answer 24

The femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia, particularly during flexion of the knee

Question 25

What does the anterior cruciate prevent

Answer 25

The femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia, preventing hyperextension

Question 26

What movement does the anterior cruciate limit

Answer 26

Medial rotation of the femur

Question 27

Where does the ACL run from/to

Answer 27

The anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur

Question 28

What does the anteromedial band of the ACL limit

Answer 28

Flexion

Question 29

What does the posteromedial band of the ACL limit

Answer 29

Extension

Question 30

Where does the PCL run from/to

Answer 30

The posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the feumr

Question 31

What does the anteromedial band of the PCL limit

Answer 31

Flexion

Question 32

What does the posteromedial band of the PCL limit

Answer 32

Extension

Question 33

What are the menisci

Answer 33

Wedges of fibrocartilage that deepen the articular surfaces and act as shock absorbers

Question 34

Charcteristics of the middle meniscus

Answer 34

C-shaped, broad posteriorly and firmly attached to the tibial collateral ligament

Question 35

Characteristics of the lateral meniscus

Answer 35

Circular, freely movable and is an attachment for popliteus

Question 36

What supplies the knee joint

Answer 36

The 5 genicular branches, the descending genicular branch, descending branch from the lateral circumflex femoral artery and recurrent branches from the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 37

Where do the 5 genicular branches come from

Answer 37

The popliteal artery

Question 38

Where does the descending genicular artery branch from

Answer 38

The femoral artery