The Larynx

Question 1

What is the larynx involved in

Answer 1

Voice production

Question 2

What is the larynx composed of

Answer 2

Hyaline cartilage and small plane synovial joints

Question 3

What are the cartilages of the larynx

Answer 3

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuniform and epiglottis

Question 4

What is the epiglottis formed from

Answer 4

Elastic cartilage

Question 5

What is the anterior connection of the epiglottis

Answer 5

Body of the thyroid bone

Question 6

What is the posterior connections of the epiglottis

Answer 6

Thyroid cartilage

Question 7

What does the epiglottis laterally connect to

Answer 7

The arytenoid cartilage via the aryepiglottic folds

Question 8

What happens to the mucosal membrane covering

Answer 8

It is reflected onto the posterior surface of the tongue via the medial glossoepilglottis and lateral pharynoepiglottic folds

Question 9

What are the ligaments involved in the larynx

Answer 9

The lateral and medial thyroid, medial cricothyroid and cricotracheal

Question 10

What connects the arytenoid to the epiglottis

Answer 10

The quadrangular ligament

Question 11

What does the free edge of the quadrangular ligament form

Answer 11

The vestibular ligament

Question 12

What is the vestibular ligament

Answer 12

A false vocal fold

Question 13

What are the cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid connected through

Answer 13

The cricothyroid membrane

Question 14

What does the upper free border of the cricothyroid membrane form

Answer 14

The vocal ligament

Question 15

What do the vocal folds do

Answer 15

Change the air flow through the larynx which allows for sound production

Question 16

What allows for individual sounds/words to be produced

Answer 16

Movement of the lips, cheeks and tongue

Question 17

What are the external muscles of the larynx

Answer 17

The infra and supra-hyoid muscles

Question 18

What do the external muscles attach to

Answer 18

The hyoid bone or thyroid cartilage

Question 19

Function of the external muscles of the larynx

Answer 19

Move the entire larynx and aid in swallowing

Question 20

What muscles provide elevation of the larynx

Answer 20

Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and the longitudinal muscles

Question 21

What provides depression of the larynx

Answer 21

Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid and the elastci recoil of the trachea

Question 22

What forms the internal muscles

Answer 22

Muscles that pass between elements of the larynx and move the cartilages or vocal folds

Question 23

Attachment of the cricothyroid

Answer 23

Cricoid cartilage

Question 24

Insertion of cricothyroid

Answer 24

Lamina of the inferior corneu of the thyroid cartilage

Question 25

Function of cricothyroid

Answer 25

Tensing and elongating the vocal folds

Question 26

Innervation of cricothyroid

Answer 26

External laryngeal branch of the vagus

Question 27

Attachment of thyroarytenoid

Answer 27

Inner surface of the angle of the thyroid carilage

Question 28

Insertion of the thyroarytenoid

Answer 28

Anterolateral surface of the angle of the arytenoid cartilages

Question 29

What are the upper fibres of the thyroarytenoid known as

Answer 29

Vocalis

Question 30

Function of thyroarytenoid

Answer 30

Involved in pulling the arytenoid forwards towards the thyroid cartilage which shortens and relaxes the vocal ligament

Question 31

Innervation of the thyroarytenoid

Answer 31

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 32

Attachment of posterior cricoarytenoid

Answer 32

Posterior lamina of the cricoid cartilage

Question 33

Insertion of posterior cricoarytenoid

Answer 33

Muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilage

Question 34

Function of posterior cricoarytenoid

Answer 34

Pull the muscular processes of the arytenoid backwards, rotating the vocal processes laterally which causes abduction of the vocal folds

Question 35

Innervatio of posterior criicoartyenoid

Answer 35

Recurrent laryngeal nerv

Question 36

Attachment of the lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 36

Upper edge of the arch of the cricoid cartilage

Question 37

Insertion of the lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 37

Muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilage

Question 38

Function of the lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 38

Pulls the muscular processes forward, rotating the vocal processes medially which causes adduction of the vocal folds

Question 39

Innervation of the lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 39

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 40

Attachment of the oblique arytenoid

Answer 40

The muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages

Question 41

Insertion of the oblique arytenoid

Answer 41

Apex of the opposite arytenoid cartilage

Question 42

What do some fibres of the oblique arytenoid form

Answer 42

Aryepiglottic muscles in the aryepiglottic fold

Question 43

What are the aryepiglottic muscles

Answer 43

Sphinctes

Question 44

Innervation of the oblique arytenoid

Answer 44

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 45

Attachment of the transverse arytenoid

Answer 45

Posterior and medial surfaces of they arytenoid cartilage

Question 46

Insertion of the transverse arytenoid

Answer 46

Opposite arytenoid cartilages

Question 47

What does the transverse arytenoid close

Answer 47

The posterior part of the rima glottidis

Question 48

Innervation of the transverse arytenoid

Answer 48

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 49

What nerve supply the larynx

Answer 49

Vagus

Question 50

What supplies the larynx with blood

Answer 50

The superior laryngeal, superior thyroid, inferior laryngeal and inferior thyroid

Question 51

What drains blood from the larynx

Answer 51

The superior laryngeal, superior thyroid, inferior thyroid and inferior thyroid veins

Question 52

What nodes drain lymph from the larynx

Answer 52

Superior deep cervical, inferior deep cervical, paratracheal and pre-tracheal nodes